G9_final-S3_2024

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. Which of the following is NOT a principle of the cell theory?

a. Cells are the basic units of life.
b. All living things are made of cells.
c. Very few cells are able to reproduce.
d. All cells are produced from existing cells.
2. Electron microscopes can reveal details
a. only in specimens that are still alive.
b. about the different colors of cell structures.
c. of cell structures only once they are stained.
d. 1000 times smaller than those visible in light microscopes.
3. Which type of microscope can produce three-dimensional images of a cell’s surface?
a. transmission electron microscope
b. scanning electron microscope
c. simple light microscope
d. compound light microscope
4. Colors seen in images made from electron microscopes are
a. true to life.
b. the colors of electrons.
c. added to make certain structures easier to see.
d. added so scientists can trace living cells through the body.
5. Which of the following enclose their DNA in a nucleus?
a. prokaryotes
b. bacteria
c. eukaryotes
d. viruses

6. Which of the following conclusions could you draw about the cell shown
in Figure 7–1?
a. The cell is eukaryotic because it has a nucleus.
b. The cell is prokaryotic because it has a nucleus. Figure 7–1
c. The cell is eukaryotic because it does not have a nucleus.
d. The cell is prokaryotic because it does not have a nucleus.
7. Which of the following is a function of the nucleus?
a. stores DNA
b. stores sugars
c. builds proteins
d. packages proteins
8. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the nucleus and the cytoplasm?
a. The cytoplasm is a fluid that fills the inside of the nucleus.
b. The cytoplasm is an organelle that is usually found near the nucleus.
c. The nucleus is an organelle that is surrounded by the cytoplasm.
d. The nucleus is a fluid and it mixes with the fluid cytoplasm.
 9. Which of the following statements about the nucleus is NOT true?
a. The nucleus stores the coded instructions for making the cell’s proteins.
b. The nucleus usually contains a nucleolus region which is where ribosome assembly begins.
c. The nucleus is the site of protein assembly.
d. The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear envelope that lets materials in and out.
10. Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?
a. helps a cell keep its shape
b. contains DNA
c. surrounds the cell
d. helps make proteins
11. Which structures are involved in cell movement?
a. cytoplasm and ribosomes
b. nucleolus and nucleus
c. microtubules and microfilaments
d. chromosomes

12. Which structure in the cell shown in Figure 7–2 above stores materials,
such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates?
a. structure A
b. structure B
c. structure C Figure 7–2
d. structure D
13. Which structure makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus?
a. Golgi apparatus
b. mitochondrion
c. vacuole
d. ribosome
14. Which sequence correctly traces the path of a protein in the cell?
a. ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus
b. ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplast
c. endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, Golgi apparatus
d. ribosome, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum

15. Which structure in the cell shown in Figure 7–3 above modifies, sorts, and
packages proteins and other materials for storage or release from the cell?
a. structure A
b. structure B
c. structure C
d. structure D
16. Which organelle converts the chemical energy stored in food into
compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use?
a. chloroplast
b. Golgi apparatus
c. endoplasmic reticulum
d. mitochondrion Figure 7–3
17. Which organelles are involved in energy conversion?
a. mitochondria and chloroplasts
b. mitochondria and ribosomes
c. smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum
d. Golgi apparatus and chloroplasts
18. Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not animal cells?
a. mitochondrion
b. ribosome
c. chloroplast
d. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
19. The primary function of the cell wall is to
a. support and protect the cell.
b. store DNA.
c. direct the activities of the cell.
d. help the cell move.
20. You will NOT find a cell wall in which of these kinds of organisms?
a. plants
b. animals
c. fungi
d. bacteria
21. Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane?
a. breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins from foods
b. stores water, salt, proteins, and carbohydrates
c. keeps the cell wall in place
d. regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell
22. The cell membrane contains channels and pumps that help move materials from one side to the other. What are
these channels and pumps made of?
a. carbohydrates
b. lipids
c. bilipids
d. proteins
23. Diffusion occurs because
a. molecules are attracted to one another.
b. molecules constantly move and collide with each other.
c. cellular energy forces molecules to collide with each other.
d. cellular energy pumps molecules across the cell membrane.
24. During diffusion, when the concentration of molecules on both sides of a membrane is the same, the molecules
a. move across the membrane to the outside of the cell.
b. stop moving across the membrane.
c. continue to move across the membrane in both directions.
d. move across the membrane to the inside of the cell.
25. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called
a. osmotic pressure.
b. osmosis.
c. pinocytosis.
d. active transport.
26. An animal cell that is surrounded by fresh water will burst because the osmotic pressure causes
a. water to move into the cell.
b. water to move out of the cell.
c. solutes to move into the cell.
d. solutes to move out of the cell.
27. Which means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell?
a. diffusion
b. osmosis
c. facilitated diffusion
d. active transport
28. Which means of particle transport is shown in Figure 7–4?
a. diffusion
b. osmosis
c. facilitated diffusion
d. active transport
29. Which means of particle transport is shown in Figure 7–5?
a. endocytosis
b. exocytosis
c. facilitated diffusion Figure 7–4
d. protein pump
30. Which of the following activities is NOT a way that unicellular organisms maintain homeostasis?
a. reproduction
b. growth
c. cell specialization
d. response to the environment
31. Which term describes the relatively constant internal physical conditions of
an organism?
a. cell specialization
b. homeostasis
c. organ system
d. unicellularity
32. The cells of unicellular organisms are
a. specialized to perform different tasks.
b. larger than those of multicellular organisms.
c. able to carry out all of the functions necessary for life. Figure 7–4
d. unable to respond to changes in their environment.

33. Which of the following is an example of an organ?

a. heart
b. epithelial tissue
c. digestive system
d. nerve cell
34. Which list represents the levels of organization in a multicellular organism from the simplest level to the most
complex level?
a. cell, tissue, organ system, organ
b. organ system, organ, tissue, cell
c. tissue, organ, organ system, cell
d. cell, tissue, organ, organ system
35. The cells of all organisms contain DNA. In cells of which of the following groups is the cellular DNA enclosed
in a nucleus?
a. bacteria
b. eukaryotes
c. prokaryotes
d. viruses
36. Microscopes can be used to explore cells. Which of the following types of microscopes is used to produce
a three-dimensional image of the surface of a cell?
a. simple light microscope
b. compound light microscope
c. scanning electron microscope
d. transmission electron microscope
37. Lysosomes are organelles that contain enzymes. Which of the following is a function of lysosomes?
a. Lysosomes build lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins.
b. Lysosomes package lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins.
c. Lysosomes break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins.
d. Lysosomes store lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins.
38. Which of the following structures are typically present in both plant and animal cells?
a. cell walls
b. centrioles
c. chloroplasts
d. mitochondria
39. All cells contain cell membranes. Which of the following describes the composition of cell membranes?
a. Cell membranes are composed of carbohydrate chains, which allow all materials to enter and leave the cell.
b. Cell membranes are composed of cellulose, which provide rigidity for the cell.
c. Cell membranes are composed of cytoplasm, which allows proteins to be excreted by the cell.
d. Cell membranes are composed of lipid molecules, which provide a flexible structure.
40. Which organelles allow plants to support heavy structures such as leaves and flowers?
a. the cell membranes because they regulate what enters and leaves the cells
b. the chloroplasts because they convert sunlight into chemical energy
c. the Golgi apparatus because it packages proteins for storage in the cells
d. the vacuoles because they are filled with fluid, which provide rigidity
41. The model shows a substance crossing a
cell membrane.

Which of the following describes the

process?

a. The model shows the process of active transport because the solute particles are moving
from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
b. The model shows the process of bulk transport because the solute particles are moving
from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
c. The model shows the process of diffusion because solute particles are moving from an
area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
d. The model shows the process of osmosis because the solute particles are moving from an
area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
 42. A cell is placed in an isotonic solution. How does the cell maintain homeostasis in this environment?
a. There is no movement of water molecules into or out of the cell because the
concentrations of solute particles inside and outside the cell are the same.
b. Water will move across the cell membrane to the inside of the cell because the cell has a
higher concentration of solute particles than the solution.
c. Water will move across the cell membrane to the outside of the cell because the solution
has a higher concentration of solute particles than the cell.
d. Water will move across the cell membrane in both directions because the concentrations of
solute particles inside and outside the cell are the same.
43. The illustration shows a model of the transport of solute particles from outside the cell to inside the cell.

What type of cell transport is modeled?

a. The model illustrates active transport because energy is
required for solute particles to cross the cell membrane.
b. The model illustrates diffusion because solute particles are
moving from an area of higher concentration to an area of
lower concentration.
c. The model illustrates facilitated diffusion because protein
channels allow solute particles to cross the cell membrane.
d. The model illustrates osmosis because water molecules are
moving from an area of higher concentration to an area of
lower concentration.

44. Multicellular organisms contain organ systems. Which of the following

BEST describes the organs in an organ system?
a. The organs in an organ system are made up of similar cells.
b. The organs in an organ system are made up of similar tissues. Figure 7–4
c. The organs in an organ system work together to perform a specific function.
d. The organs in an organ system work together to perform all the functions a
multicellular organism needs to maintain homeostasis.
45. Chlamydomonas is a genus of single-celled photosynthetic algae. Which of the following is NOT a way that
chlamydomonas maintains homeostasis?
a. The reproductive system of chlamydomonas contains specialized cells that enable the
organism to reproduce both sexually and asexually.
b. Chlamydomonas contains a chloroplast and produces its own food via photosynthesis.
c. Waste products leave chlamydomonas through diffusion.
d. Chlamydomonas is able to grow by absorbing minerals and through photosynthesis.

Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the word to make it true.

1. Viruses are not made up of cells. Therefore, viruses are not considered to be living things. _______________

2. A scanning electron microscope allows light to pass through a specimen and focuses it using two lenses to
form an image. _________________________

3. Flagella made up of microtubules help organize cell division. _________________________

4. Cilia and flagella are made of protein filaments called endoplasmic reticulum. _________________________
 5. Water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and some other substances can pass through the cell wall. _____________

6. Once equilibrium is reached, roughly equal numbers of molecules move in either direction across a
semipermeable membrane, and there is no further change in concentration on either side of the membrane.
_________________________

7. Proteins called aquaporins are important to the movement of water through cell membranes. These proteins
participate in active transport. _________________________

8. Moving materials from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration requires active transport.
_________________________

9. A cell in a multicellular organism must be able to carry out all of the functions necessary for life in order for
the organism to survive. _________________________

10. There is a division of labor among the cells of multicellular organisms. _________________________

Completion: Complete each statement

.
1. Electrons pass through thin slices of cells or tissues and produce flat, two-dimensional images in
____________________ electron microscopy.

2. Depending on whether they have a ____________________, unicellular organisms are classified as either
eukaryotes or prokaryotes.

3. Most of the time, the cell’s genetic information is found as threadlike _________________________ in the
cell’s nucleus.

4. The storage structure indicated in Figure 7–6 by the letter F is

a(an) ____________________ .

5. Cells that need to make a lot of protein are expected to have a

large number of ________________.

6. In plants, ____________________ capture energy from sunlight

and convert it into chemical energy, whereas
____________________ convert chemical energy into
compounds that are convenient for the cell to use.

7. Molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less
concentrated. This process is called ____________________.

8. Large molecules, such as glucose, that cannot cross the lipid bilayer can still move across the membrane
through a type of passive transport called _________________________.

9. A cell’s relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions are called ____________________.

10. The cells in a multicellular organism have specific jobs. This is called cell _________________________.
 Short Answer

1. Is the cell in Figure 7–7 above a prokaryote or a eukaryote? What

features help you determine your answer?

2. How do prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ? Figure 7–7

3. List two functions of the cytoskeleton.

4. Identify each of the cell structures indicated in Figure 7–8. Use

these terms: nucleus, mitochondrion, ribosome, cell membrane,
smooth endoplasmic reticulum, rough endoplasmic reticulum,
nucleolus, Golgi apparatus, cytoplasm.

Figure 7–8

5. Which structures in the cells shown in Figure 7–9 are responsible

for meeting the cells’ energy needs? Based on the presence or
absence of these structures, identify which cell is a plant cell.

Figure 7–9
6. What advantages do cell walls
provide plant cells that contact fresh water?

Science skills
A student put together the experimental setup shown below. The selectively permeable membrane is permeable
to water, but not the solute shown.

1. Interpret Visuals Describe the experimental setup

shown in Figure 7–10.

2. Predict Look at Figure 7–10. Describe the movement

of water in the experimental setup. What will happen
to the concentration of water over time?

3. Predict Once equilibrium is reached in the apparatus

shown in Figure 7–10, will the water molecules
continue to move? Explain your answer.
 The experimental setup below shows an osmometer. An osmometer is a device used to measure the amount of
osmotic pressure exerted by a liquid passing through a semipermeable membrane. The graph shows one lab
group’s results compared with the results of the rest of the class combined. Line A represents the results of the
single lab group. Line B represents the data of the rest of the class.

Figure 7–12

4. Compare and Contrast Look at the graph in Figure 7–12. Compare the lab results of the single lab group with
those collected by the rest of the class.

5. Evaluate and Revise What could account for the difference in lines A and B in the graph in Figure 7–12?

6. Calculate How might you use the graph in Figure 7–12 to calculate the rate of osmosis observed? What units
would you use to report the rate?
Short Answer

1. Summarize three statements from the cell theory.

Explain the significance of the cell theory to biology.

2. Compare and contrast the structure and function of the

cell wall with that of the cell membrane.

3. The diagrams in Figure 7-13 above show a normal blood cell before and after it is placed in a solution.
Describe what could cause the cell to react the way that it did.

4. What are aquaporins? How are they important to cells?

5. How do facilitated diffusion and active transport differ? Is osmosis an example of facilitated diffusion or active
transport?
 6. Discuss the levels of organization in multicellular organisms and explain why these levels are not used to
describe unicellular organisms.

Matching

7. Compare and contrast passive transport and active transport across cell membranes. Match the items below
to the type of transport.

Ⅰ. Passive transport Ⅱ. Active transport

a) Requires cellular energy
b) Does not use cellular energy
c) Particles move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
d) Particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
e) Includes endocytosis and exocytosis

8. Kate and Sam are researching photosynthesis in algae. They are deciding whether to purchase a light
microscope or a scanning electron microscope for their research. Match each criterion and trade-off to the
correct type of microscope.

Ⅰ. Light Microscope Ⅱ. Scanning Electron Microscope

a) Is the less expensive option
b) Has the higher magnification power
c) Requires placing algae cells in a vacuum
d) Forms images of the surfaces of cells, not the interior
e) Can observe living algae
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
m)
n)
o)
p)
q)
r)
s)
t)
u)

v) Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. C
2. D
3. B
4. C
5. C
6. A
7. A
8. C
9. C
10. A
11. C
12. C
 13. D
14. A
15. A
16. D
17. A
18. C
19. A
20. B
21. D
22. D
23. B
24. C
25. B
26. A
27. D
28. D
29. A
30. C
31. B
32. C
33. A
34. D
35. B
36. C
37. C
38. D
39. D
40. D
41. C
42. D
43. A
44. C
45. A

MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE
1. T
2. F, light
3. F, centrioles
4. F, microtubules
5. T
6. T
7. F
passive transport
facilitated diffusion
osmosis
8. T
9. F, unicellular
 10. T
COMPLETION

1. transmission
2. nucleus
3. chromosomes
4. vacuole or central vacuole
5. ribosomes
6. chloroplasts, mitochondria
7. diffusion
8. facilitated diffusion
9. homeostasis
10. specialization

SHORT ANSWER

1. This cell is a prokaryote. It has a cell wall, indicated by the letter B, and its DNA, indicated by the letter C, is
not enclosed in a nucleus.
2. Prokaryotes are generally simpler and smaller than eukaryotes, whereas eukaryotes enclose their DNA in a
nucleus and have other specialized organelles.
3. The cytoskeleton helps the cell maintain its shape and internal organization. It is also involved in many forms
of cell movement.
4. (A) rough endoplasmic reticulum; (B) cytoplasm; (C) smooth endoplasmic reticulum; (D) nucleolus; (E)
nucleus; (F) mitochondrion; (G) Golgi apparatus; (H) ribosome; (I) cell membrane
5. The structure identified with the letter E is a chloroplast, which captures energy from sunlight and converts it
into chemical energy. The structures identified with the letter D are mitochondria, which convert chemical
energy into compounds more convenient for the cell to use. The cell with the chloroplasts is a plant cell.
6. Cell walls protect the plant cells from expanding even under tremendous osmotic pressure.

Science skills

1. The experimental setup shows a solution with differing concentrations of solute separated by a selectively
permeable membrane. The membrane is permeable to water but not the solute.
2. The membrane is permeable to water so water can cross the membrane in both directions. Over time, there will
be a net movement of water toward Side B, which has a higher concentration of solute particles.
3. Yes, the water molecules will continue to move across the membrane; however, there will not be a net
movement from one side to the other.
4. Line A shows that the single group’s results are quite different from the results of the rest of the class. Over a
half-hour period, the lab group found that the solution traveled 25 mm, whereas the rest of the class found a
distance of only 12 mm over the same period of time. The distance traveled in the lab group’s data also kept
increasing, whereas the class’ data leveled out at about 10 minutes.
5. The lab group (line A) might have used a more concentrated solution of sucrose or a membrane with a different
permeability.
6. The rate of osmosis could be calculated by dividing the distance traveled by time. The units would be mm/min.
ESSAY

1. The cell theory states that all living things are composed of cells. It also says that cells are the basic units of
structure and function in living things, and that new cells come from existing cells. The cell theory is
significant to biology because all living thing are made of cells. Differences in the structure and function of
different life forms are reflected in differences in their cell structures.
2. The cell wall lies outside the cell membrane of many cells, including those of plants, algae, and fungi. It
supports and protects the cell and often allows water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other materials to pass
through it. Most cell walls are rigid and made of carbohydrates and proteins. In contrast, the cell membrane is a
thin, flexible membrane made of a lipid bilayer with proteins that run through it and carbohydrate chains
attached to proteins poking out on the outer surface of the cell membrane. Like the cell wall, the cell membrane
provides protection and support to the cell and allows materials to pass through it. In fact, the cell membrane
regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell.
3. When a normal red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, one that has a higher solute concentration than
inside the cell, there is a net movement of water out of the cell. The cell will shrink due to osmotic pressure.
4. Aquaporins are proteins that form channels in cell membranes. These channels allow water molecules to pass
through the membrane. This is important because the lipid bilayer that makes up cell membranes is
hydrophobic, so water molecules have a hard time getting through it. Aquaporins allow water to pass through
the membrane by facilitated diffusion.
5. Facilitated diffusion involves the movement of molecules across a membrane through protein channels. The
molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration. Facilitated diffusion
does not require additional energy. Active transport is the movement of particles across the cell membrane
using energy. Molecules can move from an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration in
active transport. Osmosis is an example of facilitated diffusion.
6. The levels of organization in a multicellular organism include cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. Similar
cells are grouped into tissues; tissues that work together form organs; a group of organs that work together
make up an organ system. Unicellular organisms cannot have cell specialization. Instead, all of the activities of
the organism must be carried out by the single cell.

MATCHING
7. Transport
a) Ⅱ.
b) Ⅰ.
c) Ⅱ.
d) Ⅰ.
e) Ⅱ.

8. Microscopy
a) Ⅰ.
b) Ⅱ.
c) Ⅱ.
d) Ⅱ.
e) Ⅰ.