COMMONLY USED
MEDICAL PLANTS IN
BANGLADESH
A presentation by,
SANJIDA TABASSUM
SADIA
P193208
4th semester
For,
SHAMIMA NASRIN
Assistant professor
Department of
pharmacy
FENUGREEK
• Local name:Methi
• Scientific name:Trigonella foenum-graecum
• Biological source:Fenugreek is an ancient and multipurpose crop in various geographical latitudes.
• Geographical source:Species of fenugreek have been identified in the five continents of Asia, Africa, Europa
and Australia; being cultivated mostly in North America,West and South Asia,Australia, Russia, Meddle
East, North West of Africa.
• Chemical constituents: Protein-28.55%,Fat-4.00%, Fiber-6.50%,Ash-3.20%, moisture-4.00%,
carbohydrate- 46.25%
• Medical use:Fenugreek is taken by mouth for digestive problems such as loss of appetite, upset
stomach, constipation, inflammation of the stomach (gastritis). Fenugreek is also used for diabetes,
painful menstruation, polycystic ovary syndrome, and obesity.
GARLIC
• Local name:Russian penicillin
• Scientific name:Allium sativum
• Biological source:garlic, (Allium sativum), perennial plant of the amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae), grown
for its flavourful bulbs.
• Geographical source:The plant is native to central Asia but grows wild in Italy and southern France
and is a classic ingredient in many national cuisines.
• Chemical constituents:Alkaloid,Tannin, carotenoids, saponins, steroids,salt, Flavonoids,cardenolides.
• Medical use:People commonly use garlic for high blood pressure, high levels of cholesterol or other
fats in the blood, and hardening of the arteries. It is also used for the common cold, osteoarthritis,
and many other conditions,
BETEL
LEAVES
• Local name:paan
• Scientific name:Piper betle.
• Biological source:The betel (Piper betle) is a vine of the family Piperaceae, which includes pepper and kava
• Geographical source:Betel leaf is mostly consumed in Asia, and elsewhere in the world by some Asian
emigrants, as betel quid or in paan, with areca nut and/or tobacco. ...The betel plant originated in Southern
and Southeast Asia.
• Chemical constituents:The important chemical constituents isolated from flower petals by gas chromatographic
analysis, were Phenyl ethanol (43%), Geranyl acetate (15.6%), Geraniol (10.5%), Linalool (6.9%), Benzyl
alcohol (3.3%), Benzaldehyde (1.5%), Nerol (5-10%), Citronellyl acetate (0.3%).
• Medical use:The betel leaf can be eaten raw to increase blood circulation, Betel leaf is a great
source of antioxidant that fights oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals.Thus, betel leaf helps in lowering
high blood glucose levels and aids in the management of diabetes mellitus. High cholesterol level is a risk
factor for heart disease and stroke.
MINT
• Local name:Mentha
• Scientific name:Mentha piperita
• Biological source:The leaf, fresh or dried, is the culinary source of mint.
• Geographical source:Native to Eurasia, North America, southern Africa, and Australia, mints are widely distributed
throughout the temperate areas of the world and have naturalized in many places.
• Chemical constituents:The active chemical in mint is a terpene alcohol called menthol or peppermint
camphor, or 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol, but let’s stick with menthol for now.Traditionally, it is extracted from
the leaves of plants like peppermint (Mentha piperita), in which it may act as a natural insecticide.
• Medical use:When it comes to medicinal uses, mint is perhaps most popularly known as a remedy for
digestive problems.Taking peppermint oil reduces abdominal pain and helps treat irritable bowel
syndrome without producing side effects
GINGER
• Local name:Zingiber officinale
• Scientific name:Zingiber officinale Roscoe
• Biological source:Ginger consists of the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale, Roscose and dried in the sun.
• Geographical source:It is mainly cultivated in West Indies, Nigeria, Jamaica, India, Japan, and Africa
• Chemical constituents:carbohydrates (50–70%), lipids (3–8%), terpenes, and phenolic compounds
[10].Terpene components of ginger include zingiberene, β-bisabolene, α-farnesene, β-sesquiphellandrene, and
α-curcumene, while phenolic compounds include gingerol, paradols, and shogaol (Figure 2).These
gingerols (23–25%) and shogaol (18–25%) are found in higher quantity than others. Besides these,
amino acids, raw fiber, ash, protein, phytosterols, vitamins (e.g., nicotinic acid and vitamin A), and
minerals are also present
• Medical use:Ginger has been used for thousands of years for the treatment of numerous ailments, such as
colds, nausea, arthritis, migraines, and hypertension.
TULSI
• Local name:Ocimum tenuiflorum
• Scientific name:Holy basil
• Biological source:Tulsi consists of fresh and dried leaves of Ocimum sanctum Linn.
• Geographical source:It is a herbaceous, much branched annual plant found throughout India, it is
considered as sacred by Hindus.The plant is commonly cultivated in garden and also grown near
temples. It is propagated by seeds.
• Chemical constituents::1.Tulsi contains volatile oil
2.The oil contains about
-Eugenol 70%
-methyl Eugenol 20%
-beta caryophyllene
-carvacral
• Medical use:1. For dental health,2.Treating skin disease,3.Antioxidents,4. Relieving for fever & cold heart health
JUTE
• Local name:Corchorus olitorius
• Scientific name:Nalta jute
• Biological source:Jute is extracted from the bark of the white jute plant (Corchorus
capsularis) and to a lesser extent from tossa jute (C. Olitorius).
• Geographical source:These species are grown in Ganges and Brahmaputra valleys.
• Chemical constituents: 1.cellulose :50-53%
2. Hemicellulose 20%
3. lignin 10-11%
4. Moisture NMT 12-13%
1. Medical use: Internal Bleeding, Protects Eye Health, Restless Leg Syndrome, Supports
Skin Health and Cell Growth, Fights off Colds and Flu, Reduces Cholesterol, Cancer,
Maintains Healthy Teeth and Gums, Prevents Asthma, Protects Healthy Hair and
Skin.
CLOVE
• Local name:clove
• Syntific name:Syzygium aromaticum
• Biological source:the aromatic flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae
• Geographical source: They are native to the Maluku Islands (or Moluccas) in Indonesia
• Chemical constituents: 1.volatile oil:15-20%
-eugenol 70-90%
-earyophyllene
-acetyl eugenol
4% 2.Tanin:10-13%
3. Resin
4. small quantities of estee,keton, alcohol
• Medical use: 1.Reduce inflammation
2. Temporary toothache remedy
3.Relieves upper respiratory
infections
AMLA
• Local name:Indian gooseberry
• Scientific name:Phyllanthus emblica
• Biological source:dried, as well as fresh fruits of the plant Emblica officinalis Gaerth (Phyllanthus
emblica Linn.)
• Geographical source:It is a small- or medium-sized tree found in all deciduous forests of
India. It is also found in Sri Lanka and Myanmar.
• Chemical constituents:Phyllenblin,Ascorbic acid (vit.c),Gallic acid,Tannins,Pectin.
• Medical use: 1.Rich in antioxidants.
2.Good for skin,Hair &
eyes 3.Beneficial in
diabetes 4.Immunity
booster
BLACK
FENNEL
• Local name:Foeniculum vulgare
• Scientific name: Foeniculum vulgare
• Biological source:Fennel consists of the dried ripe fruits of Foeniculum vulgare Miller
• Geographical source:Fennel is indigenous to Mediterranean countries and Asia; it is largely cultivated in
France,
Saxony, Japan, Galicia, Russia, India, and Persia.
• Chemical constituents:phenylpropanoid derivatives: trans-anethole and estragole (methyl chavicol), and then
alpha-phellandrene, limonene, fenchone, and alpha-pinene.
• Medical use:Fennel is used for various digestive problems including heartburn, intestinal gas, bloating, loss
of appetite, and colic in infants. It is also used for upper respiratory tract infections, coughs, bronchitis,
cholera, backache, bedwetting, and visual problems.
