VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Jnana Sangama, Belagavi-590018

A
“MINI PROJECT REPORT ON”
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the Bachelor Degree

IN
VI SEMESTER
BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY(BCS613A)
“CROWD FUNDING AND TRANSACTIONS”
Submitted
By

ABDUL WAHID A - 1HK22IS002

Under the guidance of

Prof. Naheem M R
Assistant Professor
Dept. of ISE HKBKCE

Department of Information Science and Engineering

Accredited by NBA
2024-2025

HKBK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

22/1, Nagawara , Bengaluru – 5600 045.
E-mail: info@[Link], URL: [Link]
 HKBK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)

⮚ PEO 1: To Empower Students through Wholesome Education to achieve academic excellent

education in the field of Information Science and Engineering.

⮚ PEO 2: To Provide Students with in-depth disciplinary knowledge in engineering

fundamentals that require to succeed in Information Science and Engineering.

⮚ PEO 3: To Create Highly Qualified Professionals in multi-disciplinary areas with the

knowledge of Information Technologies, Services Globally.

⮚ PEO 4: To Inculcate in Students Professional and Ethical attitude with a strong character
with effective communication skills, teamwork skills, multidisciplinary approach, and an
ability to relate Engineering issues to broader social context.

⮚ PEO 5: To Provide Students with an academic environment aware of advanced technological

growth leading to life-long learning through innovation and research with professional ethics
that uplifts mankind.

PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES(PSOs)

Professional Skills:
An ability to identify and analyse requirements, and in designing and implementing well-
tested technology solutions for rapidly changing computing problems and information system
environments.

Problem-Solving Skills:
An ability to Design, develop and optimize solutions for information systems employing
fundamentals of system hardware & software, graph theory, finite automata, data storage and
communication networks.

Collaborative Skills:
An ability to communicate and develop leadership skills and work effectively in team
environments. They are capable of collaborating to design and implement well tested solutions
for rapidly changing computing problems and information system environments.

Successfull Career and Entrepreneurship Skills:

An ability to adapt for innovation and changes and be successful in ethical professional careers
along with the impact of computing on society, and platforms in creating innovative career
paths to be an entrepreneur, and a zest for higher studies.
 Accredited by NBA
BENGALURU – 560 045
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

MINI PROJECT REPORT ON

“CROWD FUNDING AND TRANSACTIONS”
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the Project in
VI Semester
BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY(BCS613A)

2024-25
SUBMITTED BY:

ABDUL WAHID A - 1HK22IS002

 DECLARATION

I declare that the project titled “Crowd Funding and Transactions” is a result of my work,
undertaken during the Sixth semester of Bachelor of Engineering in Information Science
and Engineering at HKBK College of Engineering, Bengaluru. This project was carried out
under the esteemed guidance of Prof. Naheem M R , HKBK College of Engineering,
Bengaluru, affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi. I further
confirm that this work is entirely original and has not been presented, in whole or in part,
to fulfill the requirements of any other academic program or institution

ABDUL WAHID A - 1HK22IS002

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express our gratitude and appreciation to everyone who contributed to the
success of this initiative. The persons named below are just a handful of the many that
worked behind the scenes to make it possible.

I would take this opportunity to express our heartfelt gratitude to Mr. C.M. Ibrahim,
Chairman, HKBKCE, Mr. C.M. Faiz Mohammed, Director, HKBKCE, and Dr.
Mohammed Riyaz Ahmed, Principal, HKBKCE, for the entire infrastructure provided to
complete the project in time.

I am deeply indebted to Dr. A Syed Mustafa, HOD, Information Science and Engineering
for the ineffable encouragement he provided in the successful completion of the project.
I special and earnest word of thanks to the project guide Prof. Naheem M R for their
constant assistance, support, patience, endurance, and constructive suggestions for the
betterment of the project.
I special and earnest word of thanks to the Project Coordinator and the Committee members
for their constant support.
I am extremely thankful to the teaching and non-teaching staff of the Department of
Information Science and Engineering for their valuable guidance and cooperation
throughout our dissertation.
I thank my parents for their support and guidance provided to me to finish the project well
ahead of time. I thank my friends who lent their support in every way possible to make sure
the project has been completed. Last, but not least we would like to thank God for giving
me this opportunity to do everything at the appropriate time to finish this project.

ABDUL WAHID A - 1HK22IS002

 ABSTRACT
Crowdfunding has become an innovative and decentralized method of raising capital for
projects, startups, and social causes by collecting small contributions from a large number
of individuals. The integration of blockchain technology into crowdfunding platforms
introduces enhanced transparency, immutability, and trust, thereby removing the need for
centralized intermediaries. This project aims to develop and demonstrate a smart contract-
based crowdfunding system using Solidity within Remix IDE, a powerful web-based
integrated development environment for Ethereum smart contract development.

The proposed system allows project creators to set a funding goal and deadline, while
contributors (investors) can send Ether to the smart contract as a form of support. If the
funding goal is met within the deadline, the funds are automatically transferred to the
project creator. Otherwise, contributors can withdraw their funds, ensuring fairness and
accountability. Transactions in this system are handled through Ethereum’s blockchain,
providing a tamper-proof record of all contributions and disbursements.

Remix IDE is utilized for writing, deploying, testing, and debugging the smart contracts. It
provides tools like the Solidity compiler, JavaScript VM for local blockchain simulation,
and transaction logs, which help in analyzing contract behavior during different funding
scenarios. This project demonstrates how decentralized applications (dApps) can be
securely developed and tested using Remix IDE, while offering a practical use case of
blockchain in the field of finance and social entrepreneurship. The implementation
showcases key blockchain concepts such as wallet integration, gas usage, transaction
confirmation, and smart contract security.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT vi
ABSTRACT vii
LIST OF FIGURES ix

1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Overview 1
1.2 Objectives 3
1.3Motivation 3
1.4 Problem Statement 4
1.5 Existing System 5
1.6 Proposed System 6

2 LITERATURE SURVEY 7

3 SYSTEMREQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION 9

3.1 Hardware Requirements 7

3.2 Software requirements 9
3.3 Functional Requirements 10
3.4 Non- functional Requirements 10
3.5 Technical Requirements 11

4 SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION 12

4.1 System Architecture 12

4.2 Proposed Methodology 13

4.3 System Flow 13

4.4 Use case Diagram 14

5 SOURCE CODE 16

6 SNAPSHOTS 18

7 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 21

FUTURE SCOPE 23

CONCLUSION 25
REFERENCES 26
 LIST OF FIGURES

Fig 4.3.1 : System flow Diagram

Fig. 4.4.1: Use Case Adminstrator and client

Fig. 4.4.2 : Use Case Diagram for Crowdfunding

Fig. 6.1: Transaction Buttons

Fig. 6.2: Target and Deadline

Fig. 6.3: Contribute Button

Fig. 6.4: Debugging and Function Break

Fig. 6.5: Solidity Testing

Fig. 6.6: Transaction options

BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY(BCS613A) CROWD FUNDING SYSTEM

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

In recent years, crowdfunding has emerged as a popular alternative to traditional fundraising

methods, enabling individuals, startups, and organizations to raise funds directly from a large
number of people, typically via the internet. However, conventional crowdfunding platforms
often rely on centralized intermediaries, which can lead to issues such as lack of transparency,
high transaction fees, delayed fund transfers, and the risk of fraud. The integration of
blockchain technology provides a robust solution to these challenges by introducing
decentralization, trustless execution, and immutable records.
Smart contracts, which are self-executing code stored on the blockchain, play a crucial role in
automating and securing the crowdfunding process. They ensure that funds are only
transferred based on predefined conditionstors.
This project focuses on the creation and execution of a smart contract-based crowdfunding
system within Remix IDE. It explores how transactions are handled on the Ethereum
blockchain, how funds are managed securely, and how contributors interact with the contract.
Through this implementation, the project highlights the power of blockchain in redefining
financial interactions and demonstrates the practical application of Remix IDE in developing
secure and transparent crowdfunding solutions.

1.1 Overview:

This project focuses on building a decentralized crowdfunding platform using smart

contracts written in Solidity and developed within Remix IDE. The system allows a project
creator to launch a crowdfunding campaign by setting a funding goal and a deadline.
Contributors can donate Ether to support the campaign. If the goal is met within the specified
time, the funds are transferred to the creator. If not, contributors are allowed to withdraw their
funds, ensuring fairness and transparency.

The core component of the project is a smart contract that handles all logic related to
contributions, fund tracking, time checks, and fund disbursement. The contract is deployed
tested using Remix IDE, a browser-based development tool for Ethereum smart contracts.
Remix also allows simulation of blockchain transactions, debugging, and gas analysis,
making it suitable for prototyping and testing.

[Link] ISE , HKBKCE 1 AY 2024-2025

 BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY(BCS613A) CROWD FUNDING SYSTEM

By removing the need for third-party platforms, this decentralized solution ensures
secure,transparent, and trustless crowdfunding. It showcases how blockchain technology
can revolutionize fundraising models and how tools like Remix IDE can be effectively used
to develop and test real-world decentralized applications (dApps).

This project aims to design and implement a decentralized crowdfunding system using
Ethereum smart contracts developed in Remix IDE. Traditional crowdfunding platforms
are centralized and involve third parties to manage funds, which can lead to issues like lack
of transparency, high service fees, and the risk of fraud. By leveraging blockchain
technology, this project eliminates intermediaries and ensures secure, transparent, and
automated handling of funds.

The core of the system is a smart contract written in Solidity, which allows a project
creator to launch a campaign by specifying a funding goal and a deadline. Users can
contribute Ether to the campaign. If the campaign meets its goal within the deadline, the
smart contract automatically transfers the collected funds to the project creator. However, if
the goal is not reached, contributors are allowed to withdraw their donations. This logic is
entirely controlled by the smart contract, ensuring fairness and preventing misuse of funds.

Remix IDE is used to write, compile, deploy, and test the smart contract. As a web-based
tool, Remix provides features like an in-browser Solidity compiler, a simulated blockchain
(JavaScript VM), and integrated debugging tools. These features make it an ideal platform
for experimenting with smart contract development and understanding blockchain-based
transactions.

[Link] ISE , HKBKCE 2 AY 2024-2025

BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY(BCS613A) CROWD FUNDING SYSTEM

1.2 Objectives:

1. To design and develop a smart contract for a decentralized crowdfunding system using Solidity.

2. To use Remix IDE for writing, deploying, and testing smart contracts in a simulated Ethereum
environment.

3. To enable secure fund collection from multiple contributors based on a predefined goal and
deadline.

4. To implement automated fund transfer or refund, depending on whether the funding goal is
achieved within the deadline.

5. To ensure transparency and trust in all crowdfunding transactions using blockchain features like
immutability and decentralization.

6. To analyze gas usage and contract behavior under various transaction scenarios within Remix IDE.

1.3 Motivation:

In today's digital era, many individuals and startups face challenges in raising funds
through traditional means, which often involve banks, investors, or centralized
crowdfunding platforms. These traditional systems can be slow, expensive, and lack
transparency, often requiring trust in third parties to manage and distribute the funds. With
the rise of blockchain technology, there is an opportunity to create a more secure,
transparent, and decentralized approach to fundraising that eliminates the need for
intermediaries.

The motivation behind this project is to explore how smart contracts on the Ethereum
blockchain can be used to build a crowdfunding platform where the rules and conditions of
the campaign are enforced automatically. This ensures that the process is trustless and
fair—funds are only transferred if the funding goal is met, and refunds are guaranteed if it
is not. Such a system increases confidence among contributors and reduces the risk of fraud
or mismanagement.

Using Remix IDE as a development tool provides a practical and accessible environment
for writing, deploying, and testing smart contracts. It allows developers and students to
understand how decentralized applications (dApps) function on the blockchain, and how
financial transactions can be automated securely. real-world solutions in the field of
finance and technology.

[Link] ISE , HKBKCE 3 AY 2024-2025

BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY(BCS613A) CROWD FUNDING SYSTEM

1.4 Problem Statement:

The key issue addressed by this project is the inefficiency, lack of transparency, and
vulnerability to fraud inherent in traditional event ticketing systems. These shortcomings
impact both event organizers and attendees, leading to financial losses, frustration, and a lack
of trust in the overall process.
1. Lack of transparency and trust in traditional crowdfunding platforms:
Many existing crowdfunding platforms rely on centralized intermediaries to manage and
distribute funds. This centralization can create opacity in how funds are handled, causing
contributors to worry about possible mismanagement or delays in fund transfers. Without a
transparent mechanism, it is difficult for contributors to verify if the funds are being used
appropriately, which reduces their confidence in participating.

2. Manual fund management increases the risk of fraud and errors:

In conventional crowdfunding systems, the process of collecting, holding, and disbursing
funds is often manual or controlled by a central authority. This creates opportunities for fraud,
delays, or errors, as there is no automated, tamper-proof system enforcing the conditions of
the campaign. Contributors may lose their investments if the project creator misuses the
funds or if the refund process is not handled properly.

3. Limited availability of easy-to-use development tools for smart contracts:

Although blockchain technology offers a promising solution for decentralized crowdfunding,
many developers face challenges in creating, testing, and deploying secure smart contracts.
The complexity of blockchain environments and lack of accessible tools can hinder the
adoption and development of decentralized crowdfunding platforms. There is a need for user-
friendly IDEs and testing frameworks, like Remix IDE, that simplify the development
process and enable rapid prototyping and debugging.

[Link] ISE , HKBKCE 4 AY 2024-2025

BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY(BCS613A) CROWD FUNDING SYSTEM

1.1 Existing System:

Crowdfunding has become a widely used method for raising funds by collecting small
contributions from a large number of people, typically via online platforms. Traditional
crowdfunding platforms like Kickstarter, Indiegogo, and GoFundMe act as centralized
intermediaries that facilitate fundraising campaigns for projects, startups, or social causes.
These platforms provide the infrastructure for project creators to present their ideas, set
funding goals, and deadlines, and for contributors to make payments through various online
payment gateways.

High Fees: Platforms charge significant fees on transactions and fund transfers, reducing the
amount that ultimately reaches the project creators.

Lack of Transparency: Contributors cannot independently verify how and when funds are
handled, leading to concerns about transparency.

To address these limitations, blockchain technology has been introduced as a means to

decentralize the crowdfunding process. Blockchain-based crowdfunding platforms use smart
contracts — self-executing programs that run on decentralized networks such as Ethereum
— to automate and secure the fundraising process.

In blockchain crowdfunding systems:

Smart Contracts Automate Fund Management: Funds contributed by backers are held in
a smart contract until predefined conditions are met, such as reaching a funding goal by a
deadline.

Trustless Transactions: Because smart contracts run on the blockchain, they are immutable
and transparent, eliminating the need for trusted third parties.

Automatic Refunds: If the project fails to meet its funding goal, contributors can
automatically withdraw their funds through the smart contract without relying on the project
creator or platform. Remix IDE is a popular web-based tool that facilitates this development
by providing a user-friendly environment to write Solidity contracts, simulate blockchain
transactions, and debug code before deploying on the Ethereum network.

[Link] ISE , HKBKCE 5 AY 2024-2025

BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY(BCS613A) CROWD FUNDING SYSTEM

1.2 Proposed System:

The proposed system aims to build a decentralized crowdfunding platform using Ethereum
smart contracts, developed and tested in Remix IDE. Unlike traditional centralized
platforms, this system eliminates the need for third-party intermediaries by leveraging
blockchain technology to ensure transparency, automation, and security throughout the
crowdfunding process.

In this system, a smart contract is written in Solidity to manage all aspects of the
crowdfunding campaign. The contract allows a project creator to launch a campaign by
setting a funding goal and a deadline. Contributors can participate by sending Ether (ETH)
directly to the smart contract. The contract keeps track of all contributions and ensures that
funds are only released if the funding target is met before the deadline. If the goal is not
reached within the given time, contributors can safely withdraw their funds, making the
system fair and trustless.

Remix IDE is used as the primary development environment. It provides a user-friendly,

browser-based platform to write, compile, deploy, and test Solidity smart contracts.
Features such as the JavaScript VM (for simulating transactions), integrated debugger, gas
usage tracker, and Web3 support make it ideal for understanding the behavior of smart
contracts and verifying their logic before deploying them on a real blockchain.

Key features of the proposed system include:

1. Decentralized fund management using Ethereum smart contracts.

2. Transparent and automated handling of contributions and withdrawals.

3. Secure transactions recorded immutably on the blockchain.

4. No intermediaries, reducing the risk of fraud or fund misuse.

5. Tested and simulated using Remix IDE for functional reliability.

This proposed system demonstrates how blockchain can redefine traditional crowdfunding
by offering a secure, transparent, and efficient fundraising model.

[Link] ISE , HKBKCE 6 AY 2024-2025

BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY(BCS613A) CROWD FUNDING SYSTEM

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

1. Title: A Decentralized Application for Crowdfunding Using Ethereum

• Year: 2021
• Description: Patel et al. proposed a smart contract-based crowdfunding platform
built on the Ethereum blockchain. The system enables project creators to raise funds
in a decentralized environment, eliminating intermediaries and enhancing fund
transparency.
• Observation: The platform ensures automatic fund disbursement based on
predefined conditions, with refund functionality if funding goals are not met. It
promotes transparency and accountability in fundraising.
• Demerits: The study does not focus on user authentication mechanisms, and it
lacks an interface for non-technical users. Also, gas costs for frequent transactions
were not addressed.

2. Title: A Secure Event Ticketing System using Blockchain Technology

• Year: 2023
• Description: Srinivasarao et al. introduced a decentralized ticketing platform where each
ticket is a smart-contract-controlled NFT. The system ensures one-time ticket sales, and
resale caps are enforced through predefined rules in the smart contract.
• Observation: The system prevents ticket scalping by binding tickets to wallet addresses
and offers refund features. It uses Ethereum, Solidity, MetaMask, and Truffle Suite for
development and testing.
• Demerits: High transaction fees on the Ethereum mainnet may limit affordability. The
paper also notes the need for better user onboarding tools and integration with
government ID systems for ticket validation.

[Link] ISE , HKBKCE 7 AY 2024-2025

BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY(BCS613A) CROWD FUNDING SYSTEM

3. Title: Enhancing Ticketing Fairness Using Blockchain

• Year: 2023
• Description: The AWS Web3 team published an article exploring how blockchain can
improve event ticketing by removing intermediaries and optimizing the resale process.
The article presents blockchain as a solution to hidden fees and unfair access.
• Observation: It emphasizes the role of smart contracts in enforcing pricing rules and
providing transparency. The decentralized ledger ensures data integrity, helping
organizers control distribution and resale.
• Demerits: The article is conceptual and does not implement a working prototype. It also
lacks detailed technical discussion on smart contract design and network limitations like
gas fees and latency.

4. Title: Decentralized Event Ticketing with NFT Authentication

• Year: 2023
• Description: Srinivasarao et al. extended their earlier work by adding features like
refund policies and resale restrictions directly within smart contracts. The paper describes
a prototype system using the Ethereum Sepolia testnet for safe experimentation.
• Observation: The system supports real-time ticket validation and ownership tracking
through blockchain explorers. Developers followed secure coding practices using
OpenZeppelin libraries.
• Demerits: No mobile interface was developed, which limits usability for on-the-go event
check-ins. Real-world deployment challenges like network congestion and wallet
adoption were acknowledged but not resolved.

[Link] ISE , HKBKCE 8 AY 2024-2025

BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY(BCS613A) CROWD FUNDING SYSTEM

CHAPTER 3
SYSTEM REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION

This section outlines the requirements for the Crowd funding and transactions, a
decentralized application (DApp) that uses Ethereum smart contracts for secure ticket
issuance, resale, and validation.

3.1 Hardware Requirements

• Development PC: Any modern computer (Windows/Linux/macOS) capable of running
Remix IDE, Notepad, and Ethereum development tools.
• User Devices: Web-enabled devices (desktop, laptop, smartphone) with a browser that
supports MetaMask (e.g., Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox).
• Monitor: Any display capable of rendering modern web interfaces.
• Internet Connection: Stable internet connectivity for interacting with Ethereum testnets
and accessing decentralized storage (IPFS).
• Compatibility: Cross-platform support for Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, and iOS
devices.

3.2 Software Requirements

• Operating System: Windows 10/11, Linux, or macOS.
• [Link] & npm: For managing dependencies and running the development server.
• Solidity Compiler: Via Remix IDE or frameworks like Hardhat/Truffle for compiling
smart contracts.
• Truffle/Hardhat: Development frameworks for testing and deploying Solidity contracts.
• Ganache (Optional): Personal Ethereum blockchain for rapid contract testing.
• MetaMask: Browser extension wallet for signing transactions and authenticating users.
• Web Browser: Google Chrome or Microsoft Edge.
• Development IDE: Visual Studio Code or similar.
• Libraries/Packages:
[Link] or [Link]: JavaScript libraries to interact with Ethereum.
Open Zeppelin: Reusable smart contract templates for secure development.
Bootstrap: UI framework for responsive design.

[Link] ISE , HKBKCE 9 AY 2024-2025

BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY(BCS613A) CROWD FUNDING SYSTEM

Other npm packages as required for frontend and contract integration.

• UI Design: (Optional) Figma or similar tools for prototyping interface layouts.

3.3 Functional Requirements

Campaign Creation
The system must allow a project creator to launch a new crowdfunding campaign by
specifying a funding goal, deadline, and campaign details.

Contribution Handling
Users must be able to contribute Ether (ETH) to any active campaign through the
deployed smart contract.

Goal Verification
The smart contract should automatically verify whether the campaign has reached its
funding goal before the deadline.

Fund Transfer to Owner

If the funding goal is met within the deadline, the system must allow the project creator
to withdraw the collected funds.

Refund to Contributors
If the campaign fails to reach its goal within the deadline, contributors must be able to
reclaim their funds through the smart contract.

3.4 Non-Functional Requirements

• Security: Ticket ownership and transfer are protected via blockchain cryptography.
Private keys and smart contracts ensure data integrity.
• Performance: Transaction confirmation time may vary (~10–20 seconds on Sepolia
testnet), which is acceptable for ticketing operations.
• Scalability: While the prototype runs on the Sepolia testnet, future scalability options
include Layer 2 solutions or migrating to high-throughput blockchains.
• Usability: The DApp must be simple and intuitive for both event organizers and attendees.
Clear feedback and validation messages should guide users.
• Reliability: The decentralized architecture ensures 99% uptime. Frontend must handle
API and transaction errors gracefully.
• Transparency: All user actions (ticket creation, purchase, transfer) are publicly recorded
on the blockchain

[Link] ISE , HKBKCE 10 AY 2024-2025

BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY(BCS613A) CROWD FUNDING SYSTEM

3.5 Technical Requirements

• Blockchain Platform: Ethereum (Sepolia testnet for development).
• Smart Contracts: Written in Solidity for issuing, transferring, validating, and refunding
event tickets.
• Frontend Technologies: HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript with [Link] or Bootstrap for design
and interactivity.
• Web3 Interface: Integration using [Link] or [Link] to communicate with smart
contracts.
• MetaMask: Required for wallet-based login and transaction signing.
• Decentralized Storage (Optional): IPFS for storing event descriptions, images, or
metadata.
• Testing Tools:
Truffle or Hardhat for unit testing smart contracts.
Ganache for local blockchain simulations.
• Remix IDE - A online tool runs in browser the deploys transactions..

Crowdfunding requires several key elements to be successful. First and foremost, a clear

and compelling project idea or cause must be defined, with a strong value proposition that

resonates with potential backers. A well-crafted campaign page is essential, including

detailed information about the project, goals, timeline, and the intended use of funds. High-

quality visuals, such as videos or images, can significantly boost engagement.

Transparency and trust are critical, so creators must provide accurate contact details and

regular updates.

[Link] ISE , HKBKCE 11 AY 2024-2025

BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY(BCS613A) CROWD FUNDING SYSTEM

CHAPTER 4

SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

This document specifies the requirements for a Crowd-Funding and Transactions, offering
a secure, transparent, and decentralized platform for managing event tickets using
Ethereum blockchain technology and Remix IDE integration.
4.1 System Architecture
1. Remix IDE (Frontend + Deployment Tool)
Purpose:Provides the interface to develop, compile, deploy, and interact with smart
contracts written in Solidity.
Features Utilized:
Solidity compiler
Deploy & run transactions plugin
File explorer and editor

2. Smart Contract Layer (Solidity Contracts)

This layer contains the core crowdfunding logic, implemented in smart contracts.
Contracts:
CrowdfundingFactory: Deploys and keeps track of multiple campaign contracts.
Stores campaign details such as goal, deadline, contributions, and spending requests.
Key Functions:
contribute(): Allows backers to send ETH to the campaign.
createRequest(): Campaign manager raises a request to spend funds.
approveRequest(): Backers can approve spending requests.
finalizeRequest(): Sends funds to vendors if the request has enough approvals.
getSummary(): Provides campaign metadata and current state.

3. Blockchain Network (Ethereum/Testnet)

Network Options:
Local development networks (e.g., Ganache)
Ethereum mainnet
[Link] ISE , HKBKCE 12 AY 2024-2025
BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY(BCS613A) CROWD FUNDING SYSTEM

4.2 Proposed Methodology

1. Requirement Analysis
Identify the key stakeholders: campaign managers, contributors (backers), and vendors.
Define system functionalities:
Campaign creation
Fundraising logic

2. System Design
Design smart contracts in Solidity that define the business logic for:
Campaign creation and tracking
Contribution handling

3. Smart Contract Development

Use Solidity to code the following contracts:

CrowdfundingFactory: to deploy and manage multiple campaigns

CrowdfundingCampaign: for individual campaign operations
Implement essential features:
ETH contributions
Minimum contribution limit
Request approval voting mechanism

4. Testing and Debugging

Use Remix IDE for:
1. Writing and compiling Solidity contracts
2. Deploying to local/test Ethereum networks (e.g., JavaScript VM, Goerli)
3. Simulating user actions: contribute, create request, approve, finalize
4. Test edge cases and failure scenarios:

5. Deployment
Deploy contracts on a public Ethereum testnet (e.g., Goerli or Sepolia).

[Link] ISE , HKBKCE 13 AY 2024-2025

BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY(BCS613A) CROWD FUNDING SYSTEM

6. Interaction Layer (Optional Web UI)

(Optional) Develop a lightweight Web3-based frontend using HTML/CSS and [Link] or
[Link].

Enable users to:

Browse active campaigns
Contribute ETH
View campaign statistics

7. Evaluation
Evaluate the system for:
Functional correctness

4.3 System Flow

Steps:

 Campaign Creation
The campaign manager writes and deploys a CrowdfundingCampaign smart contract via
Remix IDE by providing details such as funding goal, deadline, and minimum contribution.

 Contribution by Backers
Backers (contributors) send ETH to the deployed contract by calling the contribute()
function. Their addresses are recorded, and only contributors can participate in request
approvals.

 Fund Request by Manager

Once funds are collected, the campaign manager can create spending requests using
createRequest(), specifying the purpose, recipient address, and requested amount.

 Approval by Backers
Backers review requests and vote to approve them using approveRequest(). A request
requires approval from more than 50% of the contributors to proceed.

 Finalization of Request
After majority approval, the manager finalizes the request via finalizeRequest(), which
transfers the ETH to the vendor or recipient directly from the smart contract.

[Link] ISE , HKBKCE 14 AY 2024-2025

BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY(BCS613A) CROWD FUNDING SYSTEM

Fig 4.3.1: System Flow Diagram

4.4 Use Case Diagrams

Fig 4.4.1: Use Case Diagram for Adminstrator and Client

The Use Case Diagram for the Fund Organizer shows interactions with the system to create
and manage funds. The organizer logs in, enters fund details, monitors transaction details,
and can close funds after completion. Use cases include: Create Funds, View Transactions,
Validate Functions , Finalize requests and Withdraw Funds.

[Link] ISE , HKBKCE 15 AY 2024-2025

BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY(BCS613A) CROWD FUNDING SYSTEM

Fig 4.4.2: Use Case Diagram for Crowd Funding

Use Cases (Green Ovals):

Campaign Manager Actions:

Promote Campaign: Share and market the campaign to attract more backers.

Createcampaign: Initiate a new crowdfunding project.

Add Request: Add funding or resource requests related to the campaign (e.g., funds
for specific project tasks).

Approve Request: Approve fund withdrawal or resource allocation requests.

Send Request: Possibly refers to sending fund usage requests to vendors or backers
for approval/processing.

Send Rewards: Distribute rewards or incentives (digital products, acknowledgments,

etc.) to backers after successful funding.

[Link] ISE , HKBKCE 16 AY 2024-2025

BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY(BCS613A) CROWD FUNDING SYSTEM

CHAPTER-5
SOURCE CODE
1. SPDX identifier

Fig 5.1 SPDX Code

[Link] Code

Fig 5.2 Solidity

[Link] ISE , HKBKCE 17 AY 2024-2025

BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY(BCS613A) CROWD FUNDING SYSTEM

2. solidatary – Smart Contracts in REMIX IDE

Fig 5.3 Smart Contracts

4. Creating Request

Fig 5.4 Request Creation

[Link] ISE , HKBKCE 18 AY 2024-2025

BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY(BCS613A) CROWD FUNDING SYSTEM

CHAPTER-6
SNAPSHOTS

Fig. 6.1 Transaction Buttons

Fig .6.2 Target and Deadline

[Link] ISE , HKBKCE 19 AY 2024-2025

BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY(BCS613A) CROWD FUNDING SYSTEM

Fig. 6.3 Contribute Button

Fig 6.4 Debugging and Function Break

[Link] ISE , HKBKCE 20 AY 2024-2025

BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY(BCS613A) CROWD FUNDING SYSTEM

Fig.6.5 Solidity testing

Fig. 6.6 Transaction options

[Link] ISE , HKBKCE 21 AY 2024-2025

BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY(BCS613A) CROWD FUNDING SYSTEM

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The "Crowdfunding in IDE" project successfully implemented a functional prototype that

integrates crowdfunding capabilities directly within a software development environment.
The core functionalities achieved are:

Seamless Integration: A plugin was developed and integrated into the IDE (e.g., VS Code),
allowing developers to create and manage crowdfunding campaigns without leaving the
development environment.

User Authentication: Secure user login and registration system using OAuth2 was
implemented, ensuring authenticated access to crowdfunding features.

Campaign Creation and Management: Users can create campaigns for their open-source or
personal projects, setting goals, deadlines, and descriptions.

Contribution Mechanism: Contributors can browse campaigns, view project details, and
make contributions using integrated payment gateways (mock implementation using Stripe
API or Razorpay for the prototype).

Real-time Updates: Campaign progress, such as funds raised and backer count, is updated in
real-time using Firebase or a similar backend.

Notification System: Developers receive notifications on milestones, new contributions, and

campaign expiry directly inside the IDE.

Discussion
The implementation demonstrated that integrating crowdfunding capabilities into an IDE
can enhance the sustainability of software development projects, especially open-source
initiatives. By enabling developers to fund their projects within the same environment they
use to write code, this system reduces context switching and improves workflow efficiency.

[Link] ISE , HKBKCE 22 AY 2024-2025

BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY(BCS613A) CROWD FUNDING SYSTEM

FUTURE SCOPE

The project "Crowdfunding in Remix IDE" lays the groundwork for a secure and
decentralized fundraising platform, and it has significant potential for expansion and real-
world application. Below are some key areas that outline the future scope of this project:

Integration with Frontend ([Link] / [Link]):

In the future, this smart contract can be connected to a user-friendly frontend using [Link]
or [Link]. This will allow users to interact with the DApp through a modern web interface
instead of relying solely on Remix IDE.

Real-World Deployment on Ethereum Testnets/Mainnet:

Currently, the contract is tested in the Remix development environment. Future work could
involve deploying the smart contract to Ethereum testnets like Goerli or Sepolia, and
eventually to the Ethereum mainnet or other EVM-compatible networks like Polygon or
BNB Chain.

Advanced Features (Milestone-Based Funding):

More sophisticated features such as milestone-based disbursement, voting mechanisms for
fund approval, or refund logic based on progress can be implemented to make the platform
more robust and investor-friendly.

Multi-Project Support:
Currently, the project may handle a single campaign. In the future, the platform can be
extended to host and manage multiple crowdfunding campaigns simultaneously, with
individual tracking for each.

User Authentication and KYC Integration:

To ensure legitimacy and prevent misuse, identity verification through Know Your Customer
(KYC) systems can be integrated, especially for large-scale or regulated deployments

[Link] ISE , HKBKCE 23 AY 2024-2025

BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY(BCS613A) CROWD FUNDING SYSTEM
.

Cross-Chain Functionality:
With the growing use of multiple blockchains, this project could be extended to support
crowdfunding across different blockchain platforms (e.g., Solana, Avalanche), using
interoperability protocols.

NFT-Based Rewards System:

To incentivize contributors, the platform could offer NFTs or tokens as proof of
contribution or as a reward, which can be traded or redeemed in the future.

Mobile DApp Integration:

As mobile usage increases, integrating this crowdfunding DApp into mobile wallets like
MetaMask Mobile or Trust Wallet can provide users with better accessibility and
convenience.

Smart Contract Security Enhancements:

Further enhancements can be made by implementing security audits, using OpenZeppelin
libraries, and integrating bug bounty mechanisms to improve trust in the platform.

Regulatory Compliance and DAO Governance:

In the long run, the platform can evolve into a fully decentralized autonomous organization
(DAO) where decisions are made through community voting, ensuring transparent and
democratic fund management.

[Link] ISE , HKBKCE 24 AY 2024-2025

BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY(BCS613A) CROWD FUNDING SYSTEM

CONCLUSION

The development of a crowdfunding platform using Remix IDE and Solidity represents a
significant step toward understanding and applying blockchain technology in real-world
use cases. Crowdfunding has emerged as a powerful tool for raising capital, especially for
startups, social causes, and creative projects. However, traditional crowdfunding platforms
often involve centralized authorities, which can lead to a lack of transparency, higher fees,
and the risk of misuse of funds. By integrating blockchain, specifically Ethereum, we can
overcome these limitations and build systems that are secure, transparent, and decentralized.

In this project, we designed and implemented a basic crowdfunding smart contract that
allows users to contribute Ether to a project within a specified deadline. If the funding goal
is met, the funds are transferred to the project owner. If not, contributors can reclaim their
money. This ensures a trustless system where no central entity needs to be trusted to
manage the funds honestly. The smart contract automates the process, reducing manual
intervention and making the platform fair for both contributors and fundraisers.

The use of Remix IDE proved to be highly effective for writing, compiling, debugging, and
deploying the Solidity smart contract. Its browser-based interface made it convenient to
experiment with code and test different scenarios using JavaScript Virtual Machine (JVM)
and test accounts. The IDE’s features, such as the Solidity compiler, deployment panel, and
debugger, helped streamline the development process and allowed us to focus on the logic
and security of the contract.

[Link] ISE , HKBKCE 25 AY 2024-2025

BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY(BCS613A) CROWD FUNDING SYSTEM

REFERENCES

1. Remix Project, “Remix IDE Documentation,” [Online]. Available:

[Link] [Accessed: May 21, 2025].
2. Ethereum Foundation, “Ethereum Developer Documentation,” [Online]. Available:
[Link] [Accessed: May 21, 2025].
3. Solidity Contributors, “Solidity Documentation,” [Online]. Available:
[Link] [Accessed: May 21, 2025].
4. A. Kumar, “How to Build a Crowdfunding DApp Using Solidity,” Medium, 2023.
[Online]. Available: [Link] [Accessed: May 21, 2025].
5. Dapp University, “Crowdfunding Smart Contract GitHub Repository,” GitHub,
[Online]. Available: [Link] [Accessed: May 21, 2025].
6. EatTheBlocks, “Solidity Crowdfunding DApp Tutorial (Remix IDE),” YouTube, 2023.
[Online]. Available: [Link] [Accessed: May 21, 2025].
7. Ethereum Stack Exchange, “Q&A Forum for Ethereum Development,” [Online].
Available: [Link] [Accessed: May 21, 2025].
8. M. A. Ferrag, L. Maglaras, and H. Janicke, “Blockchain Technologies for
Crowdfunding,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 126300–126312, 2019. [Online]. Available:
[Link] [Accessed: May 21, 2025].

[Link] ISE , HKBKCE 26 AY 2024-2025