Department of Education

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY

NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION
JOSE RIZAL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Park Avenue, Pasay City
Supplementary Activities in Science 5
Week 2

Name: _________________________________________ 3.) Animals:

Grade / Section: _________________________________ Animals also contribute to the transportation of sediments.
DAY 1 When burrowing animals dig the ground, some rock and soil
particles to their bodies. As they move from place to place.
Lesson for Today: You will identify and describe the They carry such particles, too.
factors affecting soil erosion.
4.) Human:
Erosion: is the process that wears away surface Although erosion is a natural phenomenon, humans have a
materials and moves them from one location to another. major contribution to the rate of soil erosion in the
environment. Whenever we walk, the soil clings to our
4 Factors Affecting Erosion shoes, so the soil gets transported from place to place.

1.) Water: Other human activities like gardening can also erosion since
As water flows, it transports rocks and soil particles from soil moves as we dig the ground. When quarrying, the
one place to another. impact created by blasting rocks and soil particles triggers
soil erosion. Huge volumes of soil and sand also get
The speed of flowing water affects the rate of erosion. transported when they are used in the construction of
The faster the water flows, the farther the erosion would houses and other infrastructure.
be.

Faster movement of water can cause many sediments to

be carried away by the water. As water aids erosion, its
color changes depending on the color of the rock and the
soil particles it carries.

For example: water that flows from a mountain can be

brown because of the soil particles from the mountain that Flow of water Dog digging Man
it carries. Mud left on the ground after flooding is also the ground digging grave
evidence of erosion.

2.) Wind:
As the wind blows, it carries light particles of rocks and
soil, transporting and depositing them in another place.

Strong winds carry the particles of soil to a distant place.

Wind erosion can take place in an area where the soil is
Not compacted. When the wind blows, the particles of Strong wind blows
sand move along with it.
Evaluation:
Direction: Match the description in column A with the words
Light particles of soil can easily be blown away by the
wind. Erosion by wind contributes a lot to shaping the in Column B. Write the letter of the correct answer.
Earth's surface.
_____1.) Moving or carrying of soil
An example of this is the formation of dunes. These are A. Wind
ridges of sand formed by the wind and are usually found through trucks and bulldozers.
in desert or shorelines. Dunes are formed when the wind _____2.) Soil is blown from one
blows sand into a secluded area. place to another. B. Human
_____3.) Soil is carried by the strong
As sand accumulates, the dunes grow and vary in shape. current.
An example of dunes can be found in Ilocos Norte. _____4.) Soil is carried through the C. Animals
body parts like hooves when they go
from one place to another
_____5.) It is the process that wears D. Erosion
away surface materials and moves
them from one location to another.
E. Water
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 Department of Education
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY
NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION
JOSE RIZAL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Park Avenue, Pasay City
Supplementary Activities in Science 5
Week 2

DAY 2 __________2. If the surface is greatly slanted, the water

that flows has greater force and thus carries soil. This
Lesson for Today: You will illustrate how certain factors results in greater and faster erosion
affect the amount of soil carried away: ___________3. The slope of a land DOES NOT affect the
a) slope of land rate of erosion.
b) strength and volume of running water.
___________4. Strength and volume of running water play
What is slope? is an inclined surface of land; the rise or a huge role in soil erosion.
fall of the land surface. ___________5. The faster the running water is, the slower
the soil erosion would be.

DAY 3
Lesson for Today: You will illustrate how certain factors
What is current? in a river or stream, a current is the flow of affect the amount of soil carried away:
water influenced by gravity as the water moves downhill to c) presence of land crops
reduce its potential energy.
d) dryness and size of soil particles
FACTORS AFFECT THE AMOUNT OF SOIL CARRIED
AWAY FACTORS AFFECT THE AMOUNT OF SOIL CARRIED
1.) LAND SLOPE AFFECTS EROSION AWAY
3.) PRESENCE OF LAND CROPS
• A slope is an inclined surface of the land. The slope
of land affects the rate of erosion. • Help absorb some of the water in the soil.
• If the surface is greatly slanted, the water that flows • These effects make it harder for water to wash the
has greater force and thus carries soil. This results soil away.
in greater and faster erosion.
4.) DRYNESS & SIZE OF SOIL PARTICLES
• Steep slopes have a greater impact on soil
composition than surfaces with a slight slant. • Having a dry soil is something you want
to avoid as this can result in withered or
• In general, the steeper and longer a slope is, the
dead plants.
faster water runs off of it, and the greater potential
there is for erosion. • When the dry season arrives, soil that
lacks organic ingredients will quickly
2.) STRENGTH AND VOLUME OF RUNNING WATER become dehydrated and will actually
repel water instead of absorbing it. This
• Soil erosion has been considered the primary cause
is known as hydrophobic soil.
of soil degradation because soil erosion leads to the
loss of topsoil and soil organic matter, which are • The smaller the particle, the less space
essential for the growing of plants. there is which means there is not as
much space for water and air to move.
• A current, in a river or stream, is the flow of water
Sandy soils tend to drain water
influenced by gravity as the water moves downhill
whereas soils heavy in clay tend to hold
to reduce its potential energy. Water current is the
on to water.
rate of movement in the water, and ways to describe
water current include its speed and direction. DIFFERENT AGENTS OR TECHNIQUE TO
• Strength and volume of running water play a huge LESSEN THE SOIL TO BE CARRIED AWAY
role in soil erosion.

Evaluation: 1.) CONTOUR PLOWING: Since erosion easily takes place

Directions: Read and analyze each item. Write True if the on a slope, farmers who plant on mountainsides follow
statement is correct and False if NOT. the contours or curves of the land instead of planting
__________1. The steeper and longer a slope is, the faster the crops up and down the slope to slow down the flow of
water runs off of it, and the greater potential there is for soil water and the soil that it carries.
erosion.

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 Department of Education
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY
NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION
JOSE RIZAL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Park Avenue, Pasay City
Supplementary Activities in Science 5
Week 2

2.) STRIP CROPPIG: It involves alternately planting _________ 4. Terracing does not help slow down the flow
different crops in strips. These crops are planted across the of water that carries soil. By doing so, the rate of erosion
slope, too. In this method, grass and other plants that grow
close to the ground are planted in strips between bands of also slows down.
grain crops. The strip crops lessen the soil erosion since _________ 5. Bigger particles can be blown easily by the
they hold much water in the soil. wind from one place to another place.

DAY 4

Lesson for Today: You will describe the effects of soil

erosion on living things and the environment (shape of land;
condition of water)

Soil erosion greatly affects the land and living things on

Earth. It carries away the topsoil on Earth’s surface where
3.) TERRACING: Farmers build wide flat rows of terraces plants anchor their roots firmly.
on mountainsides to act as a ridge to help slow down the
flow of water that carries soil. By doing so, the rate of erosion HOW WOULD IT AFFECT ALL OF US?
also slows down.
1.) CHANGE OF LANDFORMS:
• Soil erosion can change the different landforms.
• As water seeps through a hill or a mountain, the soil
may loosen, and landslide may occur changing the
shapes of the mountain or a hill.
• Some soil particles may be carried to the streams,
lakes, and rivers.
4.) CROP ROTATION: Refers to planting crops in a different • This will lead to flooding of the lower areas in the
spot each year. Doing so helps the soil maintain its good community that could destroy lives and properties.
quality. A soil that has a good quality is moist. Moist soil 2.) SHORTAGE OF FOOD SUPPLY:
cannot be carried away easily by wind and water. • The loss of topsoil results in a lesser harvest of
farmers, poor quality of crops, and lesser income for
5.) CHARACTER OR TYPE OF SOIL: Soil with finer the farmers.
particles like sand and silt can be eroded easily than
bigger soil particles of clay. Loam soil contains more How would it affect non-farmers like you? If the
organic nutrients that can hold more water and reduce farmers would have less harvest, there will be a
the flow of soil particles. food shortage in the community.

• The food will be expensive and so most people will

EVALUATION:
be malnourished and easily affected by diseases.
DIRECTIONS: Change the underlined word to make the • Farmers will have less income and the economy of
statement correct. Write your answer on the space before the country will be affected.
the number. 3.) FLOODING AND SILTATION:
_________1. Farmers who plant on mountainsides do not • Aside from food shortage, people will suffer
follow the contours or curves of the land to slow down the from floods as there are no Roots of plants to
flow of water and the soil that it carries. absorb water.
_________ 2. Soil with finer particles like sand and silt can • Soil erosion can also damage fisheries and
be eroded easily than smaller soil particles. dam reservoirs, as siltation happens at the
lower ground within the area.
_________ 3. Dry soil contains more organic nutrients that
• Erosion brought about by water can wash mine
can hold more water and reduce the flow of soil particles.
tailing to nearby bodies of water and pollute
them. Polluted seas and rivers can affect

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 Department of Education
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY
NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION
JOSE RIZAL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Park Avenue, Pasay City
Supplementary Activities in Science 5
Week 2

aquatic plants and animals, as well as the potable Evaluation:

water supply of animals and humans. Direction: Write T if the statement is TRUE, and F is
FALSE.
Evaluation: _____1. People can do many things to prevent soil erosion.
Directions: Complete the sentence below. Choose your _____2. The Banawe Rice terraces, which used to be one
answer inside the box. of the wonders of the world help prevent soil erosion in the
Mountain Province.
siltation food potable _____3. Illegal logging can help prevent erosion in the
mountains.
flooding landforms
_____4. Most houses in Baguio City are protected from soil
erosion through riprapping.
_____5. Building dikes along riverbanks prevent rain water
1. The erosion of topsoil leads to lesser harvest that may from carrying away soil.
cause a shortage of ________ supply.
2. Soil erosion changes the ____________________ as
water seeps through the mountain and caused landslide.
3. Soil erosion causes _________ due to few roots of plants
that can grow to absorb water.
4. Polluted seas and rivers can affect the ___________
water supply of animals and humans.
5. Soil erosion can also damage fisheries and dam
reservoirs, as ____________happens at the lower ground
within the area.
DAY 5

Lesson for Today: You learned the different

community that help in reducing the effects of soil
erosion.

Soil erosion cannot be avoided because it occurs naturally

in the environment. However, there are practices that can
help mitigate the effects of soil erosion.

Importance of Reducing Soil Erosion

1. Maintain or increase productivity by keeping soil in place.
2. Improve water quality by preventing soil and associated
nutrients from entering streams.
3. Keep nutrients in place for the crop to utilize.
4. Improve nutrient cycling due to soil staying in place.
5. Better soil structure to increase infiltration and water-
holding capacity and reduce run-off.
6. More soil biodiversity because soil is held in place.
7. Stable soils tolerate weather extremes better than eroded
soils.
8. Better aggregate stability and soil health due to increased
residue.
9. Less cost to farmers because of reduced nutrient and soil
carbon loss.
[Link] increase in land value in fields with less erosion
and better soil health.