Julio Cortázar
- Also known as Julio Denis
- 26 August 1914 – 12 February 1984
- American Spanish
- Nationalized French Novelist, Short Story Writer, Essayist, and Translator
- He is known as one of the founders of the Latin American Boom, Cortazar influenced an entire
generation of Spanish-speaking readers and writers in America and Europe.
- He is considered one of the most innovative and original authors of his time, a master of
history, poetic prose and short story in general and a creator of important novels that
inaugurated a new way of making literature in the Hispanic world by breaking the classical
molds through narratives that escaped temporal linearity.
Notable works of Julio Cortazar during his time
- Los Premios (The Winners, 1960))
- 62: Modelo Para Armar (62: A Model Kit, 1968)
- Libro de Manuel (A Manual for Manuel, 1973)
- Hopscotch (Rayuela, 1963)
- an introspective stream-of-consciousness novel with multiple endings that can be
read in different ways. It was translated into English by Gregory Rabassa in 1966. This
has been called the first hypertext novel, though the concept of hypertext hardly existed
at the time.
Theme of Hopscotch
-chaos and order, the social role of art, human dissatisfaction and failure,
individual versus society, and ultimately, solitude.
Novels Other works
• La vuelta al día en ochenta
• Divertimento (1949, first published in 1986) mundos (Around the Day in Eighty
• El examen (Final Exam) (1950, first Worlds) (1967)
published in 1985) • Último round (Last Round) (1969)
• Los premios (The Winners) (1960) • Prosa del Observatorio (From the
• Rayuela (Hopscotch) (1963) Observatory) (1972)
• 62/modelo para armar (62: A Model • Territorios (Territories) (1978)
Kit) (1968) • La Puñalada/ El tango de la
• Libro de Manuel (A Manual for vuelta (Stab) (1979) (with Pat Andrea)[32]
Manuel) (1973) • Los autonautas de la
cosmopista (Autonauts of the
Short story collections Cosmoroute) (1983)
• Bestiario (1951) • Nicaragua tan violentamente
• Final del juego (End of the Game) (1956) dulce (Nicaragua, So Violently Sweet) (1983)
• Las armas secretas (1959) • Julio Cortazar: Al Termino del Polvo y el
• Historias de cronopios y de Sudor (Biblioteca de Marcha, Montevideo,
famas (Cronopios and Famas) (1962) 1987) – Essays by and about Julio Cortazar.
• Todos los fuegos el fuego (All Fires the • Diario de Andrés Fava (Diary of Andrés
Fire) (1966) Fava) (1995), companion book to El examen.
• Blow-up and Other Stories (1968); a • Adiós Robinson (Goodbye,
compilation of stories from Bestiario, Final del Robinson) (1995), radio text.
juego and Las armas secretas, in an English- • Imagen de John Keats (Image of John
language translation. Keats) (1996)
• Octaedro (1974) • Cartas (Letters) (Three volumes, 2000;
• Alguien que anda por ahí (1977) expanded version in five volumes, 2012)
• Un tal Lucas (A Certain Lucas) (1979) • Papeles inesperados (Unexpected
• Queremos tanto a Glenda (We Love Glenda Papers) (2009)
So Much) (1980) • Cartas a los Jonquières (Letters to the
• Deshoras (Unreasonable Hours) (1982) Jonquières) (2010)
• Clases de literatura (Literature
Poetry Class) (2013)
• Presencia (Presence) (1938)
• Los reyes (The Kings) (1949) Graphic novel
• Salvo el crepúsculo (Save Twilight) (1997;
expanded edition, City Lights, 2016) • Fantomas contra los vampiros
multinacionales (Fantomas Versus the
Multinational Vampires) (1975)
