FYUGP-CBCS

NOWGONG COLLEGE
(Autonomous)

SYLLABUS

Department of Statistics
Learning Outcome-based Curriculum Framework (LOCF) of
Four Year Undergraduate Programme
Choice-based Credit System with flexibility

Effective from Academic Year 2023-24

Syllabus is approved in Academic Council, Nowgong College (Autonomous)

Dated: 30th June, 2023
 Course & Credit Structure
Semester Major Minor IDC AEC SEC VAC Research Total Credit
project/
(Any Two in each
Dissertation/
Semseter)
Internship

STAT-MAJ- STAT- STAT- ASSA/HIN STAT-SEC- UNIN-VAC-1012 Students

1014 MIN-1014 IDC-1014 D/BENG- 1014 (Understanding India) exiting the
AEC-1012 program after
(Descriptive (Descriptiv (Descripti (Data ENSC-VAC-1012
Statistics) e Statistics) ve Jugajogmul Analysis securing 44
(Environmental Science)
Statistics) ok using-Excel) credits will be
Axomiya/ NASS-VAC-1012 awarded UG
Vyakaran (National Service certificate in
Evam Scheme) the relevant
Vyavaharik Online Courses: discipline/
1st 22
Hindi/Byo 1. subject
woharic OUFU-VAC-1012
provided they
Bangla – I Our Energy Future
2. secure
Business PHSR-VAC-1012 additional 4
English: Philosophy, Science and credits in work
Networkin Religion based
3. Vocation
g
MOTH-VAC-1012 Courses
Model Thinking
offering during
(Any Two)
 (Online) summer term
for internship/
apprenticeship
in addition to 6
credits from
Offline STAT-SEC- Offline Courses: Skill based
Courses: 2014 DITS-VAC-2012 Courses earned
(Digital Technological
(Statistical Solutions) during 1st &
ENGL-
Computing 2nd Semester
AEC-
Using R YOMH-VAC-2012
2012
Programmin (Yoga and Mental
() g) Health)
STAT-
STAT- MAJ
MIN-2014 STAT- NACC-VAC-2012
-2014 (National Cadet Corps)
IDC-2014
(Probability Online
(Probability Online
2nd and (Probabili Courses: Online Courses: 22
and Courses:
Mathematic ty and Fundamental of Artificial
Mathematica Fundamenta Intelligence
al Sample Business
l l Skills on (Infosys Springboard)
Expectation Survey) English:
Expectation) Python
)
Managem
Programmin
ent and (Any Two)
g & IoT
Leadershi
p (Infosys
Springboard
(Infosys
)
Springboa
rd)
 Certificate after 1 year (Total Credit = 44)

STAT- STAT- ASSA/HI XXXX-SEC- Students

MIN-3014 IDC-3014 ND/BEN 3014 exiting the
G/ENGL - program after
(Probability (Probabili AEC-
STAT- MAJ and ty securing 88
3012
-3014 Probability Distributi Byowohar credits will be
Distribution on and ic awarded UG
(Probability
) Applied Axomiya/ Diploma in the
and
Statistics) Hindi relevant
Probability
Distribution) Kavita discipline/
3rd ----------- subject 22
Aur
STAT-MAJ- provided they
Kahani
3024 secure
/Byowoha
(Linear ric Bangla additional 4
Algebra in – II/ credits in Skill
Statistics) English based
and Mass Vocation
Communi Courses
cation offered 2nd
 STAT-MAJ- year summer
4014 term.
(Statistical
Inference)

STAT-MAJ-
4024
STAT-
(Calculus) ENGL-
MIN-4014
AEC-4012
STAT-MAJ- (Academic
4th (Sampling ------------ --------------- ----------- 22
4034 Writing)
Distribution
(Statistical and
Quality Inference)
Control)

STAT-MAJ-
4044

(Sampling
Distributions
)

Diploma after 2 year (Total Credit = 44)

STAT-MAJ- STAT- STAT-INTE-

th 5014 MIN-5014 5012
5 ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- 22
(Econometric (Statistical (Internship)
s and Inference
 Demand and Non-
Analysis) Parametric
Methods)
STAT-MAJ-
5024

(Design of
Experiments)

STAT-MAJ-
5034

(Mathematic
al and
Numerical
Analysis)

STAT-MAJ-
5044

(Survey
Sampling
and Indian
Official
Statistics)

STAT-MAJ- STAT-
6014 MIN-6014
6th ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- 22
(Operations (Survey
Research) Sampling)
STAT-MAJ-
6024

(Statistical
Computing
Using R
Programmin
g)

STAT-MAJ-
6034

(Multivariate
Analysis and
Non-
Parametric
Methods)

STAT-MAJ-
6044

(Demograph
y and Vital
Statistics)

STAT-MAJ-
6052

(Project/
Dissertation)
 Degree after 3 years (with Major/Minor) (Total Credit = 132)

STAT-MAJ- REET-VAC-7012 REME -MAJ-

7014 7044
(Research Ethics)
(Operations (Research
Research) Methodology)
STAT-
STAT-MAJ-
MIN-7014
7024
(Statistical ------------ --------------
7th (Multivariate ---------------- 22
Computing -- -
Analysis and
Using R
Nonparametr
Programmi
ic Methods)
ng)
STAT-MAJ-
7034

(Time Series
Analysis)

STAT-MAJ- STAT- ------------ -------------- -------------- INPR-VAC-8012 STAT-DISS-

8014 MIN-8014 - 80112

(Stochastic (Design of (Dissertation)

th
8 Processes Experiment 22
and s) (Those who are
Queuing) undertaking
Research Project
or Dissertation)
 OR

STAT-MAJ-
8024

(Statistical
Computing
Using C/C++
Programming)

STAT-MAJ-
8034

(Financial
Statistics)

STAT-MAJ-
8044

(Application of
Statistics in
Actuarial
Science)

(Those who are

not undertaking
Research Project
or Dissertation)

Degree after 4 years (with Honours/ by Research) (Total Credit = 176)

N.B.: 1. 4 credit papers = 100 marks (60T+20IA+20P)
2. 2 credit papers (except AEC) = 50 marks (30T+10IA+10P)
3. 2 credit papers (Only AEC) = 50 marks (40T+10IA)
Question Pattern:
 For 100 marks papers [1 marks x 7 (no option) , 2 marks x 4(no option) , 5 marks x 3 (5 options), 10 marks x 3 ( 5 options) ]
 For 50 marks papers [ 1marks x 4 (no option), 2 marks x 3 (no option), 5 marks x 2 (4 options), 10 marks x 1 ( 2 options ) ]
 For AEC 50 marks papers [ 1 marks x 4 ( no options) , 2 marks x 3 ( no options), 5 marks x 2 ( 4 options), 10 marks x 2 (4 options ) ]
 Credits (Theory With Practical)

Course Theory Practical Total

With Honours 23x3=69 23x1=23

Major
Course With Research (20x3=60)+12 20x1=20 92

Minor Course 8x3=24 8x1=8 32

Interdisciplinary Course 3x3=9 3x1=3 12

Ability English 2x2=4 0 4

Enhancement
Course MIL 2x2=4 0 4

Skill Enhancement Course 3x3=9 3x1=3 12

Common UI, DTS 2x2=4 0 4

Value-Added
Course NEST, YOG 2x2=4 0 4

Field Based Learning Project 1x2=2 0 2

Internship 1x2=2 0 2

Intellectual Property Right 1x2=2 0 2

Research Methodology 1x4=4 0 4

Research Ethics 1x2=2 0 2

Total: ---- ---- 176

Details of Semester-Wise Courses:-

Major Papers (23 papers) (4 Credits):

STAT-MAJ-1014 Descriptive Statistics (Theory+ Practical)
STAT-MAJ-2014 Probability and Probability Distributions-1(Theory +Practical)
STAT-MAJ-3014 Probability and Probability Distribution (Theory+ Practical)
STAT-MAJ-3024 Linear Algebra in Statistics (Theory+ Practical)
STAT-MAJ-4014 Statistical Inference (Theory+ Practical)
STAT-MAJ-4024 Mathematical Methods in Statistics (Theory+ Practical)
STAT-MAJ-4034 Sampling Distributions (Theory+ Practical)
STAT-MAJ-4044 Statistical Computing Using R Programming (Theory+ Practical)
STAT-MAJ-4052 Project based on topic from major course
STAT-MAJ-5014 Econometrics and Demand Analysis (Theory+ Practical)
STAT-MAJ-5024 Design of Experiments (Theory+ Practical)
STAT-MAJ-5034 Mathematical and Numerical Analysis (Theory+ Practical)
STAT-MAJ-5044 Survey Sampling and Indian Official Statistics (Theory+ Practical)
STAT-MAJ-6014 Operations Research (Theory+ Practical)
STAT-MAJ-6024 Statistical Quality Control (Theory+ Practical)
STAT-MAJ-6034 Multivariate Analysis and Nonparametric Methods (Theory+ Practical)
STAT-MAJ-6044 Demography and Vital Statistics (Theory+ Practical)
STAT-MAJ-7014 Stochastic Processes and Queuing (Theory+ Practical)
STAT-MAJ-7024 Statistical Computing Using Python (Theory+ Practical)
STAT-MAJ-7034 Time Series Analysis (Theory +Practical)
STAT-MAJ-8014 Financial Statistics (Theory +Practical)
STAT-MAJ-80212 Dissertation
Or
(Those who not undertaking Research Project or Dissertation)
STAT-MAJ-8024 Statistical Computing Using C/C++ Programming (Theory+ Practical)
STAT-MAJ-8034 Quantitative Epidemiology & Biostatistics
STAT-MAJ-8044 Application of Statistics in Actuarial Science (Theory+ Practical)

Minor Papers (8 papers) (4Credits):

STAT-MIN-1014 Descriptive Statistics (Theory+ Practical
STAT-MIN-2014 Probability and Probability Distribution-1 (Theory+ Practical)
STAT-MIN-3014 Probability and Probability Distribution (Theory+ Practical)
STAT-MIN-4014 Applied Statistics-II (Theory+ Practical)
STAT-MIN-5014 Probability and Probability Distribution-2 (Theory+ Practical)
STAT-MIN-6014 Survey Sampling (Theory + Practical)
STAT-MIN-7014 Design of Experiments (Theory+ Practical)
STAT-MIN-8014 Statistical Computing Using R Programming (Theory+ Practical)

Interdisciplinary Papers (3 papers) (4credits):

STAT-IDC-1014 Descriptive Statistics (Theory + Practical)
STAT-IDC-2014 Probability and Probability Distribution (Theory+ Practical)
STAT-IDC-3014 Probability Distribution and Applied Statistics (Theory+ Practical)
 Department of Statistics
Nowgong College Autonomous
1. Programme Objectives

i. To imbibe strong foundation of statistics in students.

ii. To make acquainted students with basic to high-level statistical concepts.

iii. To update students with mathematical tools that aid in statistical theory.

iv. To teach/strengthen students’ knowledge of spreadsheets, programming

languages and statistical packages.

v. To promote application-oriented pedagogy by exposing students to real world

data.

vi. To make students do projects, which prepares them for jobs/markets?

2. Programme Learning Outcomes

This program exposes students to the beautiful world of statistics and how it affects all

aspects of our daily lives. This course aims to provide students with all major statistics

concepts and the tools necessary to implement them. The introduction of computer

software helps them analyze data optimizing the use of time and resources. These

softwares provide the necessary support and advantages for their careers. Exposure to

a large amount of real-life data helps improve your analytical skills. Each job is

practical, which will stimulate your exploration and hone your acting skills. To a large

extent, this teaching method provides them with the motivation and confidence to start

working as a consultant in the near future. The course structure also motivates / assists

students to pursue careers in related disciplines, especially data science, financial

statistics, and actuarial science.

 SEMESTER-I
Course Code: STAT-MAJ-1014
Course Paper: Descriptive Statistics
PAPER CREDIT: 04 (3T+1P)
Total No. of Lectures: 45L + 15P Total Marks=100 (T60 + IA20 + P20)

Objectives:
The learning objectives include:
To summarize the data and to obtain its salient features from the vast mass of original data.

Learning Outcomes:
After completing this course, the students should have developed a clear understanding of: Concepts of
statistical population and sample, Methods of collection of data, variables and attributes. Tabular and
graphical representation of data based on variables. ‘Conditions for the consistency’ and criteria for the
independence of data based on attributes. Measures of central tendency, Dispersion, Skewness and
Kurtosis. Moments and their use in studying various characteristics of data

CONTENTS:

Theory
UNIT I

Statistical Methods: Definition and scope of Statistics, concepts of statistical population and sample,
Methods of collection of data. Data: quantitative and qualitative, attributes, variables, scales of
measurement: Nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio. Presentation: Tabular, graphical, Histogram and
ogives.

UNIT II

Measures of Central Tendency: Mathematical and positional averages. Measures of Dispersion: range,
quartile deviation, mean deviation, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, Moments, absolute
moments, factorial moments, skewness and kurtosis, Sheppard’s corrections.

UNIT III

Bivariate data: Definition, scatter diagram, Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Calculation of the
correlation coefficient for a bivariate frequency distribution, probable error of correlation coefficient,
rank correlation coefficient. Linear regression: Regression Coefficient, properties, angle between two
lines of regression, principle of least squares and fitting of polynomials and exponential curves.

UNIT IV

Multiple and Partial correlation (3 variables only), properties. Theory of attributes: consistency of data,
independence of attributes and association of attributes.

Practical/Presentation::

List of Practical using Excel:

1. Graphical representation of data.

2. Problems based on measures of central tendency.

3. Problems based on measures of dispersion.

4. Problems based on combined mean and variance and coefficient of variation.

 5. Problems based on moments, skewness and kurtosis.

6. Fitting of polynomials, exponential curves.

7. Karl Pearson correlation co-efficient.

8. Correlation coefficient for a bi-variate frequency distribution.

9. Lines of regression, angle between lines and estimated values of variables.

10. Spearman rank correlation with and without ties.

11. Problems based on Partial and multiple correlations.

12. Problem based on consistency, independence and association of attributes.

Suggested Readings:

1. Goon A.M., Gupta M.K. and Dasgupta B. (2002): Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol. I & II, 8th
Edn. The World Press, Kolkata.

2. Miller, Irwin and Miller, Marylees (2006): John E. Freund’s Mathematical Statistics with
Applications, (7th Edn.), Pearson Education, Asia.

3. Mood, A.M. Graybill, F.A. and Boes, D.C. (2007): Introduction to the Theory of Statistics, 3rd
Edn., (Reprint), Tata McGraw-Hill Pub. Co. Ltd.

4. Gupta, S.C., and Kapoor, V.K. (2002): Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, S. Chand Pub.
Co. Ltd.

*******

SEMESTER-I
Course Code: STAT-MIN-1014
Course Paper: Descriptive Statistics
PAPER CREDIT: 04 (3T+1P)
Total No. of Lectures: 45L + 15P Total Marks=100 (T60 + IA20 + P20)

Objectives:
The learning objectives include:
 To summarize the data and to obtain its salient features from the vast mass of original data.

Learning Outcomes:
After completing this course, the students should have developed a clear understanding of: Concepts of
statistical population and sample, Methods of collection of data, variables and attributes. Tabular and
graphical representation of data based on variables. ‘Conditions for the consistency’ and criteria for the
independence of data based on attributes. Measures of central tendency, Dispersion, Skewness and
Kurtosis. Moments and their use in studying various characteristics of data

CONTENTS:
Theory
UNIT I

Statistical Methods: Definition and scope of Statistics, concepts of statistical population and sample,
Methods of collection of data. Data: quantitative and qualitative, attributes, variables, scales of
measurement: Nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio. Presentation: Tabular, graphical, Histogram and
ogives.

UNIT II

Measures of Central Tendency: Mathematical and positional averages. Measures of Dispersion: range,
quartile deviation, mean deviation, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, Moments, absolute
moments, factorial moments, skewness and kurtosis, Sheppard’s corrections.

UNIT III

Bivariate data: Definition, scatter diagram, Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Calculation of the
correlation coefficient for a bivariate frequency distribution, probable error of correlation coefficient,
rank correlation coefficient. Linear regression: Regression Coefficient, properties, angle between two
lines of regression, principle of least squares and fitting of polynomials and exponential curves.

UNIT IV

Multiple and Partial correlation (3 variables only), properties. Theory of attributes: consistency of data,
independence of attributes and association of attributes.

Practical/ Presentation:

List of Practical using Excel:

1. Graphical representation of data.

2. Problems based on measures of central tendency.

3. Problems based on measures of dispersion.

4. Problems based on combined mean and variance and coefficient of variation.

5. Problems based on moments, skewness and kurtosis.

6. Fitting of polynomials, exponential curves.

7. Karl Pearson correlation co-efficient.

8. Correlation coefficient for a bi-variate frequency distribution.

9. Lines of regression, angle between lines and estimated values of variables.

 10. Spearman rank correlation with and without ties.

11. Problems based on Partial and multiple correlations.

12. Problem based on consistency, independence and association of attributes.

Suggested Readings:

1. Goon A.M., Gupta M.K. and Dasgupta B. (2002): Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol. I & II, 8th
Edn. The World Press, Kolkata.

2. Miller, Irwin and Miller, Marylees (2006): John E. Freund’s Mathematical Statistics with
Applications, (7th Edn.), Pearson Education, Asia.

3. Mood, A.M. Graybill, F.A. and Boes, D.C. (2007): Introduction to the Theory of Statistics, 3rd
Edn., (Reprint), Tata McGraw-Hill Pub. Co. Ltd.

4. Gupta, S.C., and Kapoor, V.K. (2002): Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, S. Chand Pub.
Co. Ltd.

******

SEMESTER-I
Course Code: STAT-IDC-1014
Course Paper: Descriptive Statistics
PAPER CREDIT: 04 (3T+1P)
Total No. of Lectures: 45L + 15P Total Marks=100 (T60 + IA20 + P20)

Objectives:
The learning objectives include:
To summarize the data and to obtain its salient features from the vast mass of original data.
Learning Outcomes:
After completing this course, the students should have developed a clear understanding of:
Concepts of statistical population and sample, Methods of collection of data, variables and
attributes. Tabular and graphical representation of data based on variables. ‘Conditions for the
consistency’ and criteria for the independence of data based on attributes. Measures of central
tendency.
CONTENTS:
Theory
UNIT I
Origin and development of Statistical, Definition, Importance and scope of Statistics,
Limitations of Statistics. Collection of data: Objectives and Scope of the Enquiry, Sources of
information (Data), Method of Data collection, Primary and Secondary data, Choice between
Primary and Secondary data, Methods of collecting Primary Data: Direct personal
investigation, Indirect oral investigation, Information received through Local Agencies. Mailed
Questionnaire method, Schedules sent through Enumerators. Drafting or Framing the
Questionnaire. Sources of secondary data. Published Sources, Unpublished sources.
UNIT II
Classification and tabulation: Rules for classification. Frequency distribution: Discrete,
grouped and continuous frequency distributions. Basic principles for forming a Grouped
frequency distribution: Types of Classes, Number of classes, Size of class intervals, Types of
class intervals. Cumulative Frequency Distribution: Less than and more than Cumulative
frequency. Tabulation: Meaning and Importance, Requisites of a good Table.
UNIT III
Diagrammatic and Graphic Representation: Introduction, Difference between Diagram and
Graphs. General rules for constructing diagrams. Types of Diagrams: One-dimensional
Diagrams, Two-dimensional Diagrams, Pictograms and Cartograms. Techniques of
Construction of Graphs, General rules for graphing, Graph of frequency distributions,
Histogram.

UNIT IV
Average or Measures of Central Tendency: Arithmetic mean, properties, merits and demerits.
Median, Merits and demerits of median. Mode, Merits and Demerits of mode. Empirical
relationship between Mean, median and mode. Geometric mean and Harmonic mean. Relation
between Arithmetic mean, geometric mean and Harmonic mean.
Practical/Presentation:

List of Practical:

1. Diagrammatic representation using line diagram.

2. Diagrammatic representation using simple bar diagram.
3. Diagrammatic representation using sub-divided bar diagram.
4. Diagrammatic representation using multiple bar diagram.
5. Graphical representation using histogram.
6. Graphical representation using frequency polygon.
7. Graphical representation using frequency curve.
8. Graphical representation using ogive.
9. Problems based on Arithmetic mean.
10. Problems based on Median.
11. Problems based on Mode.
12. Problems based on Geometric mean.
13. Problems based on Harmonic mean.
Suggested Readings:

1. Goon A.M., Gupta M.K. and Dasgupta B. (2002): Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol. I & II,
8th Edn. The World Press, Kolkata.

2. Miller, Irwin and Miller, Marylees (2006): John E. Freund’s Mathematical Statistics with
Applications, (7th Edn.), Pearson Education, Asia.

3. Mood, A.M. Graybill, F.A. and Boes, D.C. (2007): Introduction to the Theory of
Statistics, 3rd Edn., (Reprint), Tata McGraw-Hill Pub. Co. Ltd.

4. Gupta, S.C., and Kapoor, V.K. (2002): Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, S.

Chand Pub. Co. Ltd.

******

SEMESTER-I
Course Code: STAT-SEC-1014
Course Paper: Data analysis using Excel
PAPER CREDIT: 04 (3T+1P)
Total No. of Lectures: 45L + 15P Total Marks=100 (T60 + IA20 + P20)

Objectives: To make the students acquainted with computer, which will help the students to use
computers in solving different statistical problems. Excel is widely use in statistical analysis. In this
course different steps of data processing such as data entry, data editing, data analysis etc. will be
discuss using Excel. Demonstration of these topics will be done by using Excel.
Learning Outcomes: After completion of this course the students will be able expected to learn
how to use Excel in analysis data. It is expected that students will be more confident while handling
the data after completion of the course.
CONTENTS:
Theory
UNIT I:
Introduction to Excel: About Excel & Microsoft, Uses of Excel, Excel software, Spreadsheet window
pane, Title Bar, Menu Bar, Standard Toolbar, Formatting Toolbar, the Ribbon, File Tab and Backstage
View, Formula Bar, Workbook Window, Status Bar, Task Pane, Workbook & sheets

UNIT II:
Creating Formulas: Using Formulas, Formula Functions – Sum, Average, if, Count, max, min, Proper,
Upper, Lower, Using AutoSum. PivotTables: Creating PivotTables, Manipulating a PivotTable, Using
the PivotTable Toolbar, Changing Data Field, Properties, Displaying a PivotChart, Graphical and
Diagrammatical representation using Excel.

UNIT III:
Measurement of different measures of Central Tendency using Excel, Measurement of different measures
of Dispersion: range, quartile deviation, mean deviation, standard deviation using Excel.
UNIT IV: Measurement of skewness and kurtosis using Excel. Measurement of Karl Pearson’s correlation
coefficient correlation coefficient, rank correlation coefficient, Linear regression using Excel.

Practical/ Presentation:

List of Practical using Excel:

1. Graphical representation of data.

2. Problems based on measures of central tendency.

3. Problems based on measures of dispersion.

4. Problems based on combined mean and variance and coefficient of variation.

5. Problems based on moments, skewness and kurtosis.

6. Karl Pearson correlation co-efficient.

7. Correlation coefficient for a bi-variate frequency distribution.

8. Spearman rank correlation with and without ties.

Suggested Readings:

1. Goon A.M., Gupta M.K. and Dasgupta B. (2002): Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol. I & II, 8th
Edn. The World Press, Kolkata.

2. Miller, Irwin and Miller, Marylees (2006): John E. Freund’s Mathematical Statistics with
Applications, (7th Edn.), Pearson Education, Asia.

3. Mood, A.M. Graybill, F.A. and Boes, D.C. (2007): Introduction to the Theory of Statistics, 3rd
Edn., (Reprint), Tata McGraw-Hill Pub. Co. Ltd.

4. Gupta, S.C., and Kapoor, V.K. (2002): Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, S. Chand Pub.
Co. Ltd.
 SEMESTER-II
Course Code: STAT-MAJ-2014
Course Paper: Probability and Mathematical Expectation
PAPER CREDIT: 04 (3T+1P)
Total No. of Lectures: 45L + 15P Total Marks=100 (T60 + IA20 + P20)

Objectives:
The learning objectives include:

To understand the concepts of probability and its applications.

To understand the concept of random variables, probability distributions and expectation.

Different approaches to the theory of probability.

Important theorems on probability and their use in solving problems. Concept of random variables
and its probability distributions.

Concept of joint, marginal and conditional probability distribution for two dimensional random
variables and their independence.

Univariate transformation and expectation of random variables.

Learning Outcomes:
After completing this course, there should be a clear understanding of:

The fundamental concept of expectation for univariate and bivariate random variables with their
distributions and properties.Moment generating function, cumulant generating function and
characteristic function. Discrete probability distributions with their properties.Continuous
probability distributions with their properties.

Contents:
Theory
UNIT I

Probability: Introduction, random experiments, sample space, events and algebra of events.
Definitions of Probability – classical, statistical, and axiomatic. Conditional Probability, laws of
addition and multiplication, independent events, pair-wise independent events, theorem of total
probability, Bayes’ theorem and its applications.

UNIT II

Random variables: discrete and continuous random variables, p.m.f., p.d.f. and c.d.f., illustrations
and properties of random variables, univariate transformations with illustrations. Two dimensional
random variables: discrete and continuous type, joint, marginal and conditional p.m.f., p.d.f., and
c.d.f., independence of variables, bivariate transformations with illustrations.
 UNIT III

Mathematical Expectation: Expectation of single and bivariate random variables and its properties.
Variance and its properties. Covariance. Conditional expectations and conditional variance..

UNIT IV

Generating Functions: Moments and Cumulants, probability generating function, moment generating
function, cumulant generating function with their properties.and characteristic function. Uniqueness
and inversion theorems (without proof) along with applications.

Practical/ Presentation:

List of Practical

1. Problems based on unit I.

2. Problems based on unit II
3. Problems based on unit III
4. Problems based on unit IV

Suggested Readings:

1. Hogg, R.V., Tanis, E.A. and Rao J.M. (2009): Probability and Statistical Inference, Seventh Ed,
Pearson Education, New Delhi.

2. Miller, Irwin and Miller, Marylees (2006): John E. Freund’s Mathematical Statistics with
Applications, (7th Edn.), Pearson Education, Asia.

3. Myer, P.L. (1970): Introductory Probability and Statistical Applications, Oxford & IBH
Publishing, New Delhi

SEMESTER-II
 Course Code: STAT-MIN-2014
Course Paper: Probability and Mathematical Expectation
PAPER CREDIT: 04 (3T+1P)
Total No. of Lectures: 45L + 15P Total Marks=100 (T60 + IA20 + P20)

Objectives:
The learning objectives include:

To understand the concepts of probability and its applications.

To understand the concept of random variables, probability distributions and expectation.

Different approaches to the theory of probability.

Important theorems on probability and their use in solving problems. Concept of random variables
and its probability distributions.

Concept of joint, marginal and conditional probability distribution for two dimensional random
variables and their independence.

Univariate transformation and expectation of random variables.

Learning Outcomes:
After completing this course, there should be a clear understanding of:

The fundamental concept of expectation for univariate and bivariate random variables with their
distributions and properties.Moment generating function, cumulant generating function and
characteristic function. Discrete probability distributions with their properties.Continuous
probability distributions with their properties.

Contents:
Theory
UNIT I

Probability: Introduction, random experiments, sample space, events and algebra of events.
Definitions of Probability – classical, statistical, and axiomatic. Conditional Probability, laws of
addition and multiplication, independent events, pair-wise independent events, theorem of total
probability, Bayes’ theorem and its applications.

UNIT II

Random variables: discrete and continuous random variables, p.m.f., p.d.f. and c.d.f., illustrations
and properties of random variables, univariate transformations with illustrations. Two dimensional
random variables: discrete and continuous type, joint, marginal and conditional p.m.f., p.d.f., and
c.d.f., independence of variables, bivariate transformations with illustrations.

UNIT III

Mathematical Expectation: Expectation of single and bivariate random variables and its properties.
Variance and its properties. Covariance. Conditional expectations and conditional variance..

UNIT IV

Generating Functions: Moments and Cumulants, probability generating function, moment generating
function, cumulant generating function with their properties.and characteristic function. Uniqueness
and inversion theorems (without proof) along with applications.

Practical/ Presentation:
 List of Practical

1. Problems based on unit I.

2. Problems based on unit II
3. Problems based on unit III
4. Problems based on unit IV

Suggested Readings:

1. Hogg, R.V., Tanis, E.A. and Rao J.M. (2009): Probability and Statistical Inference, Seventh Ed,
Pearson Education, New Delhi.

2. Miller, Irwin and Miller, Marylees (2006): John E. Freund’s Mathematical Statistics with
Applications, (7th Edn.), Pearson Education, Asia.

3. Myer, P.L. (1970): Introductory Probability and Statistical Applications, Oxford & IBH
Publishing, New Delhi

SEMESTER-II
Course Code: STAT-IDC-2014
Course Paper: Probability and Sample Survey
PAPER CREDIT: 04 (3T+1P)
Total No. of Lectures: 45L + 15P Total Marks=100 (T60 + IA20 + P20)

Objectives:
The learning objectives include:

To understand the concepts of probability and its applications.

 To understand the concept of random variables, probability distributions and expectation.

Different approaches to the theory of probability.

Important theorems on probability and their use in solving problems. Concept of random variables
and its probability distributions.

Univariate transformation and expectation of random variables.

Learning Outcomes:
After completing this course, there should be a clear understanding of:

The fundamental concept of expectation for univariate random variables with their distributions and
properties. Discrete probability distributions with their properties. Continuous probability
distributions with their properties.

Contents:
Theory
UNIT I

Measures of Dispersion: Introduction and meaning, Absolute and Relative measures of dispersion,
Range, Quartile deviation, Mean deviation, Standard deviation and their merits and demerits,
Coefficient of variation. Moments, Skewness and Kurtosis.

UNIT II

Correlation: Introduction, Types of correlation, Methods of studying correlation, Properties of

correlation, Rank correlation. Regression: Introduction, Linear and non-linear regression, lines of
regression, angle between the regression lines, coefficient of regression, properties of regression
coefficients.

UNIT III

Probability: Introduction, random experiments, sample space, events and algebra of events.
Definitions of Probability, addition rule of probability and Conditional Probability, multiplicative
law of probability (only statements) and applications

UNIT IV

Random variables: discrete and continuous random variables, p.m.f., p.d.f. and c.d.f., illustrations
and properties of random variables. Mathematical Expectation: Expectation of single random
variables and its properties.

Practical/ Presentation:

List of Practical

1. Problems based on unit I.

2. Problems based on unit II
3. Problems based on unit III
4. Problems based on unit IV

Suggested Readings:

1. Hogg, R.V., Tanis, E.A. and Rao J.M. (2009): Probability and Statistical Inference, Seventh Ed,
Pearson Education, New Delhi.

2. Miller, Irwin and Miller, Marylees (2006): John E. Freund’s Mathematical Statistics with
Applications, (7th Edn.), Pearson Education, Asia.
 3. Myer, P.L. (1970): Introductory Probability and Statistical Applications, Oxford & IBH
Publishing, New Delhi

SEMESTER-II
Course Code: STAT-SEC-2014
Course Paper: Statistical Computing Using R Programming
PAPER CREDIT: 04 (3T+1P)
Total No. of Lectures: 45L + 15P Total Marks=100 (T60 + IA20 + P20)

Objectives:
The learning objectives include:
To make the students acquainted with computer, which will help the students to use
computers in solving different statistical problems. R is widely use in statistical analysis and
knowledge of these languages is must for the students to cope up with the world of data
analysis. In this course different steps of data processing such as data entry, data editing,
data analysis etc. will be discuss using R. Demonstration of these topics will be done by
using R.

Learning Outcomes:
 After completion of this course the students will be able expected to learn how to use R in
analysis data. It is expected that students will be more confident while handling the data
after completion of the course.
Contents:
Theory
UNIT I:
Introduction to R, history of R, pros and cons of R, R-studio, R as a calculator, R as a
statistical software and language, downloading and installing R, commands, objects and
functions, using scripts, the R workspace, installing packages, getting help. Methods of data
input, data accessing and indexing, built-in functions, importing data into R, matrix
operations in R.
UNIT II:
Descriptive statistics using R, measures of central tendency, measures of dispersions,
measures of skewness and kurtosis, correlation and tabulation of data. Handling categorical
data with R.
UNIT III:
Visualization of data : standard plot function, arguments, construction of scatter plot,
barplot, pie graph, histogram, boxplot, multiple bar diagram etc., visualization of data by
using R packages such as ggplot.
UNIT IV:
Statistical Inference :exploring assumptions using R, different parametric and non
parametric statistical tests. Linear Models using R – Simple Regression, ANOVA,
ANCOVA.
Practical/ Presentation:

List of Practicals:
1. Matrix addition, subtraction, multiplication Transpose and Trace using R.
2. visualization of data by using R packages such as ggplot.
3. Roots of a quadratic equation using R
4. Mean Median and Mode of a Grouped Frequency Data.
5. Variance and coefficient of variation of a Grouped Frequency Data.
6. Multiple and Partial correlation using R.
7. Fitting of lines of regression using R.
8. Chi-square contingency table using R.
9. t-test for difference of means using R.
10. Paired t-test using R.
11. F-ratio test using R.

Suggested Readings:

. 1. Purosit S.G., Gore S.D., Deshmukh S. R. (2008), Statistics using R, Narosa Publishing
House

2. Field, A., Miles J., Field Z.(2012), Discovering Statistics Using R, SAGE
 3. Dalgaard P.(2002), Introductory Statistics with R, Springer

4. Cohen Y. and Cohen J. Y. (2007), Statistics and Data with R, An Applied Approach
Through Examples, Wiley

5. Braun W. J. and Murdoch D. J. (2009) A First Course in Statistical Programming with R,

Cambridge

SEMESTER-III
Course Code: STAT-MAJ-3014
Course Paper: Probability and Probability Distributions
Credits: 4 (Lecture-45, Practical-15) Marks: 100 (60T+20IA+20P)

Objectives:

The learning objectives include:

To understand the concept of probability distributions.

Different approaches to the theory of probability.

Important theorems on probability and their use in solving problems. Concept of random variables
and its probability distributions.

Learning Outcomes:

After completing this course, there should be a clear understanding of:

The fundamental concept of expectation for univariate and bivariate random variables with their
distributions and properties. Discrete probability distributions with their properties. Continuous
probability distributions with their properties.

Contents:
Theory
UNIT I
 Chebychev’s Lemma: Chebychev’s Inequality, Generalised form of Bienayme-Chebychev’s
Inequality, Convergence in probability, almost sure convergence, Weak law of large numbers, Idea
of strong law of large numbers, Bernoulli’s Law of Large Numbers. Markov’s Theorem, Khinchin’s
Theorem.

UNIT II

Central Limit Theorem: De-Moivre Laplace, Lindeberg-Levy and Liapunov’Central Limit Theorem
(i.i.d. case) with their applications.

UNIT III

Discrete probability distributions: Uniform, Bernoulli, Binomial, Poisson, Negative Binomial,

Geometric, Hyper-geometric and Power Series distributions together with their characteristics,
properties and limiting/approximation cases.

UNIT IV

Continuous probability distributions: Normal, Log Normal, Rectangular, Triangular, Gamma, Beta,
Exponential, Double exponential, Cauchy, Weibul and Logistic distributions along with their
characteristics, properties and limiting/approximation cases.

Practical/ Presentation:

List of Practical by using computer software:

1. Problems based on Chebychev’s Inequality

2. Problems based on Central Limit Theorem.

3. Fitting of binomial distribution.

4. Fitting of Poisson Distribution.

5. Fitting of negative binomial distribution.

6. Application based problem using geometric distribution.

7. Fitting of Normal distribution.

8. Application based problem using Normal distribution

9. Fitting of exponential distribution.

10. Fitting of Log Normal distribution.

Suggested Reading:

1. Hogg, R.V., Tanis, E.A. and Rao J.M. (2009): Probability and Statistical Inference, Seventh Ed,
Pearson Education, New Delhi.

2. Miller, Irwin and Miller, Marylees (2006): John E. Freund’s Mathematical Statistics with
Applications, (7th Edn.), Pearson Education, Asia.

3. Myer, P.L. (1970): Introductory Probability and Statistical Applications, Oxford & IBH
Publishing, New Delhi
 4. Mood, A.M. Graybill, F.A. and Boes, D.C. (2007): Introduction to the Theory of Statistics, 3rd
Edn., (Reprint), Tata McGraw-Hill Pub. Co. Ltd.

5. Gupta, S.C., and Kapoor, V.K. (2002): Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, S. Chand Pub.
Co. Ltd.

Course Code: STAT -MAJ- 3024

Course Paper: Linear Algebra in Statistics
Credits: 4 (Lecture-60, Practical-30) Marks: 100(T60+P20+IA20)
Objectives:

The learning objectives include: Fundamentals of Permutation and Combinations.

Algebra serves as a building block that will enable students to learn more advanced

techniques that will help them to solve problems more quickly and easily.

Learning Outcomes:

After completing this course, students should have developed a clear understanding of:

The fundamental concepts of Permutations and Combinations.

The fundamental concepts of matrices and determinants Echelon form,

Linear equations, Rank of a Matrix, Characteristic roots and vectors Quadratic forms,

Partitioning of matrices, Generalized inverse

Contents:
Theory
UNIT I

Factorial notation, Permutations of all Different things, Permutation of things not all different.
Combination of all different things. Fundamental counting principles: Multiplication and addition
principle. Algebra of matrices - A review, theorems related to triangular, symmetric and skew
symmetric matrices, idempotent matrices, Hermitian and skew Hermitian matrices, orthogonal
matrices, singular and non-singular matrices and their properties. Trace of a matrix, unitary,
involutory and nilpotent matrices.

UNIT II
 Determinants of Matrices: Definition, properties and applications of determinants for 3rd and higher
orders, evaluation of determinants of order 3 and more using transformations. Symmetric and Skew
symmetric determinants, Circulant determinants and Vandermonde determinants for nth order,
Jacobi’s Theorem, product of determinants. Inverse of a matrix and related properties.

UNIT III

Use of determinants in solution to the system of linear equations, row reduction echelon forms and
normal forms, the matrix equations AX=B, solution sets of linear equations, linear independence,
Applications of linear equations, inverse of a matrix. Rank of a matrix, row-rank, column-rank,
standard theorems on ranks, rank of the sum and the product of two matrices. Generalized inverse
(concept with illustrations). Partitioning of matrices and simple properties.

UNIT IV

Characteristic roots and Characteristic vector, Properties of characteristic roots, Cayley Hamilton
theorem, Quadratic forms, Linear orthogonal transformation and their diagonalization.

Practical/ Presentation:

List of Practical:

1. Finding inverse using Cayley Hamilton theorem.

2. For a real Skew Symmetric matrix S, show that matrix A defined by (I-S) (I+S)-1 is an
orthogonal matrix.
3. Reducing a Quadratic Form to its canonical form and finding its rank and index.
4. Proving that a quadratic form is positive or negative definite.
5. Finding the product of two matrices by considering partitioned matrices.
6. Finding inverse of a matrix by partitioning.
7. Finding Generalized Inverse of a matrix and symmetric generalized inverse of a matrix\
8. To show that matrix A defined as A= (In - X (X’X)-1X’) is idempotent. Also, determine its
rank and characteristic root. Repeat the process by finding a generalized inverse of X’X if
inverse does not exist.
9. Find XGX’ for any X of order nxk, where G is generalized inverse and show that XGX’ is
invariant with respect to G.
10. To find whether a given set of vectors is linearly dependent or linearly independent.

Suggested Readings:

1. Bhowal, Manoj K. & Barua P: A First Course in Statistics, Kalyani.

2. Gorakh Prasad: Differential Calculus, Pothishala Pvt. Ltd., Allahabad (14th Edition - 1997).

2. Gorakh Prasad: Integral Calculus, Pothishala Pvt. Ltd., Allahabad (14th Edition -2000).

3. Lay David C.: Linear Algebra and its Applications, Addison Wesley, 2000.

4. Schaum’s Outlines: Linear Algebra, Tata McGraw-Hill Edition, 3rdEdition, 2006.

5. Krishnamurthy V., Mainra V.P. and Arora J.L.: An Introduction to Linear Algebra (II, III, IV, V).

6. Biswas, S. (1997): A Textbook of Matrix Algebra, New Age International, 1997.

7. Gupta S.C.: An Introduction to Matrices (Reprint). Sultan Chand & Sons, 2008.
 Course Code: STAT-MIN-3014
Course Paper: Probability and Probability Distribution
Credits: 4 (Lecture-45, Practical-15) Marks: 100 (60T+20IA+20P)

Objectives:

The learning objectives include:

To understand the concept of probability distributions.

Different approaches to the theory of probability.

Important theorems on probability and their use in solving problems. Concept of random variables
and its probability distributions.

Learning Outcomes:

After completing this course, there should be a clear understanding of:

The fundamental concept of expectation for univariate and bivariate random variables with their
distributions and properties. Discrete probability distributions with their properties. Continuous
probability distributions with their properties.

Contents:
Theory
UNIT I

Chebychev’s Lemma: Chebychev’s Inequality, Generalised form of Bienayme-Chebychev’s

Inequality, Convergence in probability, almost sure convergence, Weak law of large numbers.
Markov’s Theorem, Khinchin’s Theorem.

UNIT II

Central Limit Theorem: De-Moivre Laplace, Lindeberg-Levy and Liapunov’Central Limit Theorem
(i.i.d. case) with their applications.

UNIT III

Discrete probability distributions: Uniform, Bernoulli, Binomial, Poisson, Negative Binomial,

Geometric, Hyper-geometric and Power Series distributions together with their characteristics,
properties and limiting/approximation cases.

UNIT IV

Continuous probability distributions: Normal, Log Normal, Rectangular, Triangular, Gamma, Beta,
Exponential, Double exponential, Cauchy, Weibul and Logistic distributions along with their
characteristics, properties and limiting/approximation cases.

Practical/ Presentation:

List of Practical by using computer software:

 1. Fitting of binomial distribution.

2. Fitting of Poisson Distribution.

3. Fitting of negative binomial distribution.

4. Application based problem using geometric distribution.

5. Fitting of Normal distribution.

6. Application based problem using Normal distribution

7. Fitting of exponential distribution.

8. Fitting of Log Normal distribution.

Suggested Reading:

1. Hogg, R.V., Tanis, E.A. and Rao J.M. (2009): Probability and Statistical Inference, Seventh Ed,
Pearson Education, New Delhi.

2. Miller, Irwin and Miller, Marylees (2006): John E. Freund’s Mathematical Statistics with
Applications, (7th Edn.), Pearson Education, Asia.

3. Myer, P.L. (1970): Introductory Probability and Statistical Applications, Oxford & IBH
Publishing, New Delhi

4. Mood, A.M. Graybill, F.A. and Boes, D.C. (2007): Introduction to the Theory of Statistics, 3rd
Edn., (Reprint), Tata McGraw-Hill Pub. Co. Ltd.

5. Gupta, S.C., and Kapoor, V.K. (2002): Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, S. Chand Pub.
Co. Ltd.
 Course Code: STAT-IDC-3014

Course Paper: Probability Distribution and Applied Statistics

Credits: 4 (Lecture-45, Practical-15) Marks: 100 (60T+20IA+20P)

Objectives:

The learning objectives include:

To understand the concepts of probability distributions and its applications.

To understand the concept of sampling and test of hypothesis.

To understand the concept of Index Numbers and Time series analysis.

Learning Outcomes:

After completing this course, there should be a clear understanding of:

The fundamental concept of expectation for univariate and bivariate random variables with their
distributions and properties. Discrete probability distributions with their properties. Continuous
probability distributions with their properties. Index number and its construction. Different methods
of index number. The principles of sample survey and the steps involved in selecting a sample.
Simple Random Sampling. Stratified Sampling.

Contents:
Theory
UNIT I

Discrete Probability distributions: Binomial and Poisson distributions with their properties and
applications. Continuous Probability distributions: Normal distributions with their properties and
applications

UNIT II

Concept of population and sample, complete enumeration versus sampling, sampling and non-
sampling errors. Types of sampling: non-probability and probability sampling, simple random
sampling with and without replacement and idea of Stratified random sampling.

Tests of significance: Null and alternative hypothesis, critical region and level of significance,
critical value, one-tailed and two-tailed tests, Z-test for single mean and difference of means. Chi-
square test and t-test.

UNIT III

Index Numbers: Definition, construction of index numbers, Problems involved in the construction of
Index numbers. and problems thereof for weighted and unweighted index numbers including
Laspeyres’s, Paasche’s, and Fisher’s. Consumer price index numbers.

UNIT IV

Time Series: Components of time series (Trend, Seasonal, Cyclical and Random
Variations), Additive and multiplicative model with their merits and demerits, Illustrations
 of time series. Measurement of trend by method of moving-average and method of least
squares (linear).

Practical/ Presentation:

List of Practical by using computer software:

1. Fitting of binomial distribution.

2. Fitting of Poisson Distribution.

3. Fitting of Normal distribution.

4. Problems based on Z test

5. Problems based on Chi-square test.

6. Problems based on t-test.

7. Problem based on Index number construction.

8. Problem based on Time series analysis (Moving average and Least squares).

Suggested Reading:

1. Mukhopadhyay, P. (2011). Applied Statistics, 2nd Ed., Revised reprint, Books and Allied.

2. Cochran W.G. (1984): Sampling Techniques (3rd Ed.), Wiley Eastern.

3. Gupta, S.C. and Kapoor, V.K. (2014). Fundamentals of Applied Statistics,

11th Ed., Sultan Chand and Sons.
4. Kendall, M.G. (1976). Time Series, 2nd Ed., Charles Griffin and Co Ltd., London and High
Wycombe.
 Course Code: STAT-SEC-3014
Course Paper: STATISTICAL DATA ANALYSIS USING SOFTWARE
PACKAGES)

Total No. of Lectures: 60 (30L+30P) Total Marks: 100 (T60+IA20+P20)

Course Objectives

i. The objective of this course is to introduce SPSS software to students to enhance

theirskills in SPSS.

Course Outcomes
After completing this course:
i. Students will possess skills concerning SPSS software.
ii. Ability to solve statistical problems, numerical methods.
iii. Data analysis in their Projects/Research.

CONTENTS
THEORY
UNIT- I:

Learn how to load data, plot a graph viz. histograms (equal class intervals and unequal class
intervals), box plot, stem-leaf, frequency polygon, pie chart, ogives with graphical summaries
of data

UNIT- II:

Generate automated reports giving detailed descriptive statistics, correlation and lines of
regression.

UNIT- III:

Random number generation and sampling procedures, Fitting of polynomials and

exponential curves, Application Problems based on fitting of suitable distribution, Normal
probability plot.

UNIT- IV:

Simple analysis and create and manage statistical analysis projects, import data, code editing,
Basics of statistical inference in order to understand hypothesis testing and compute p-values
and confidence intervals.
PRACTICAL

1. Construction of cross tables.

2. Drawing of Histogram, frequency polygon, pie chart, ogives.
3. Drawing of box plot, stem-leaf,
4. Calculation of measures of central tendencies.
5. Calculation of measures of dispersion.
6. Calculation of correlation co-efficient.
7. Calculation of regression coefficient and lines of regression.
8. Fitting of 1st degree and 2nd degree polynomial.
9. Fitting of exponential curves.
10. Fitting of Binomial distribution.
11. Fitting of Poisson distribution.
12. Fitting of Normal distribution
13. Analysis of variance for one-way data.
14. Testing of hypothesis for mean and variances.

SUGGESTED READINGS

1. Moore, D.S. and McCabe, G.P. and Craig, B.A. (2014): Introduction to the
Practice ofStatistics, W.H. Freeman

2. Cunningham, B.J (2012): Using SPSS: An Interactive Hands‐ on approach

3. Cho, M,J., Martinez, W.L. (2014) Statistics in MATLAB: A Primer: 22 (Chapman

&Hall/CRC Computer Science & Data Analysis)
 SEMESTER IV

Course Code: STAT-MAJ-4014

Course Paper: Statistical Inference

Credits: 4(Lecture-45, Practical-15) Marks: 100(T60+P20+IA20)

Course Objectives:
The learning objectives include:
Drawing inference about the unknown population parameters based on random samples.
Validating our estimation/ inference about the population using hypothesis testing.

Course Learning Outcomes:

After completing this course, students should have developed a clear understanding of:
Different methods of finding point estimators for unknown population parameters, their
advantages and disadvantages.
Methods to develop/find best point estimators based on the desirable properties (Using
Cramer- Rao inequality, Rao-Blackwell theorem, and Lehmann-Scheffe Theorem).
General methods of constructing interval estimators (Confidence Intervals) for
unknown population parameters.
Basic principle of Bayesian estimation (Finding posterior distributions of unknown
population parameters).
Practical applications of estimation theory and hypothesis testing pertaining to all
discussed methods.

Contents
UNIT I

Estimation: Concepts of estimation, unbiasedness, sufficiency, consistency and efficiency.

Factorization theorem. Complete statistic, Minimum variance unbiased estimator (MVUE),
Rao-Blackwell and Lehmann-Scheffe theorems and their applications. Cramer-Rao inequality
and MVB estimators (statement and applications).

UNIT II

Methods of Estimation: Method of moments, method of maximum likelihood estimation,

method of minimum Chi-square, Basic idea of Bayes estimators.

UNIT III

Principles of test of significance: Null and alternative hypotheses (simple and composite),
Type-I and Type-II errors, critical region, level of significance, size and power, best critical
region, most powerful test, uniformly most powerful test, Neyman Pearson Lemma
(statement and applications to construct most powerful test). Likelihood ratio test, properties
of likelihood ratio tests (without proof).
UNIT IV

Interval estimation: Confidence interval for the parameters of various distributions,

Confidence interval for Binomial proportion, Confidence interval for population
correlation coefficient for Bivariate Normal distribution, Pivotal quantity method of
constructing confidence interval, Large sample confidence intervals.

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Goon A.M., Gupta M.K.: Das Gupta.B. (2005), Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol. I, World
Press, Calcutta.

2. Rohatgi V. K. and Saleh, A.K. Md. E. (2009): An Introduction to Probability and Statistics.
2ndEdn. (Reprint) John Wiley and Sons.

3. Miller, I. and Miller, M. (2002) : John E. Freund’s Mathematical Statistics (6th addition,
low price edition), Prentice Hall of India.

4. Dudewicz, E. J., and Mishra, S. N. (1988): Modern Mathematical Statistics. John Wiley &
Sons.

5. Mood A.M, Graybill F.A. and Boes D.C,: Introduction to the Theory of Statistics, McGraw
Hill.

6. Bhat B.R, Srivenkatramana T and Rao Madhava K.S. (1997) Statistics: A Beginner’s Text,
Vol. I, New Age International (P) Ltd.

7. Snedecor G.W and Cochran W.G.(1967) Statistical Methods. lowa State University Press.
B. Sc. Honours (Statistics) 21

PRACTICAL/LABWORK:

List of Practical

1. Unbiased estimators (including unbiased but absurd estimators)

2. Consistent estimators, efficient estimators and relative efficiency of estimators.

3. Cramer-Rao inequality and MVB estimators

4. Sufficient Estimators – Factorization Theorem, Rao-Blackwell theorem, Complete

Sufficient estimators

5. Lehman-Scheffe theorem and UMVUE

6. Maximum Likelihood Estimation

7. Asymptotic distribution of maximum likelihood estimators

8. Estimation by the method of moments, minimum Chi-square

9. Type I and Type II errors 10. Most powerful critical region (NP Lemma)

11. Uniformly most powerful critical region

12. Unbiased critical region

13. Power curves

14. Likelihood ratio tests for simple null hypothesis against simple alternative hypothesis

15. Likelihood ratio tests for simple null hypothesis against composite alternative hypothesis

16. Asymptotic properties of LR tests

17. Confidence interval for Binomial proportion.

18. Confidence interval for population correlation coefficient for Bivariate Normal
distribution.
 Course Code: STAT-HCC-4024

Course Paper: Calculus

Credits: 4 (Lecture-45, Tutorial-15) Marks: 100(60T+20IA+20P)
Course Objectives:
The learning objectives include:
Fundamentals of differential calculus/Integral calculus/Differential Equation/Partial
differential equation.
To analyse the problem and its solution.

Course Learning Outcomes:

After completing this course, students should have developed a clear understanding of:
The fundamental concepts of Differential calculus. Solving complicated integrals.
Finding complete Solution of differential equations and partial differential equation.

Contents:

UNIT I

Differential Calculus: Limits of function, continuous functions and properties of continuous

functions, partial differentiation and total differentiation. Indeterminate forms: L-Hospital’s
rule, Leibnitz rule for successive differentiation. Euler’s theorem on homogeneous functions.
Maxima and minima of functions of one and two variables, constrained optimization
techniques (with Lagrange multiplier) along with some problems. Jacobian, concavity, points
of inflexion of function, singular points.

UNIT II

Integral Calculus: Review of integration and definite integral. Differentiation under integral
sign, double integral, change of order of integration, transformation of variables. Beta and
Gamma integrals: properties and relationship between them.

UNIT III

Differential Equations: Exact differential equations, Integrating factors, change of variables,

Total differential equations, Differential equations of first order and first degree, Differential
equations of first order but not of first degree, Equations solvable for x, y, q, Equations of the
first degree in x and y, Clairaut’s equations. Higher Order Differential Equations: Linear
differential equations of order n, Homogeneous and non-homogeneous linear differential
equations of order n with constant coefficients, Different forms of particular integrals.

UNIT IV

Formation and solution of a partial differential equations. Equations easily integrable. Linear
partial differential equations of first order.
SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Gorakh Prasad: Differential Calculus, PothishalaPvt. Ltd., Allahabad (14th Edition - 1997).

2. Gorakh Prasad: Integral Calculus, PothishalaPvt. Ltd., Allahabad (14th Edition -2000).

3. Zafar Ahsan: Differential Equations and their Applications, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi (2nd Edition -2004).

4. Piskunov, N: Differential and Integral Calculus, Peace Publishers, Moscow.

PRACTICAL/LAB. WORK:

List of Practical

1. Practical based on double integral.

2. Practical based on change of order of integration.

3. Practical based on Exact differential equations.

4. Practical based on Clairaut’s equations.

5. Practical based on Linear differential equations of order n.

6. Practical based on Homogeneous linear differential equations of order n with constant

coefficients.

7. Practical based on non-homogeneous linear differential equations of order n with constant

coefficients.

8. Practical based on Linear partial differential equations of first order.

 Course Code: STAT-MAJ-4034

Course Paper: Statistical Quality Control

Credits: 4(Lecture-45, Tutorial-15) Marks: 100(60T+20IA+20P)
Course Objectives:

The learning objectives include:

This course will help students to learn techniques and approach of SQC being used in
industry to manufacture goods and services of high quality at low cost. This course will also
give exposure to Six sigma and Index Numbers.

Course Learning Outcomes:

After completing this course, students should have developed a clear understanding of:
Statistical process control tools- Control charts for variables, attributes. Statistical product
control tools, Sampling inspection plans. Overview of Six sigma, Lean manufacturing, TQM.
Overview of Six sigma training plans, VOC, CTQ.
Contents:

UNIT I

Quality: Definition, dimensions of quality, its concept, application and importance.

Introduction to Process and Product Controls. Statistical Process Control - Seven tools of
SPC, chance and assignable Causes of quality variation. Introduction to Six-Sigma: Overview
of Six Sigma, Lean Manufacturing and Total Quality Management (TQM). Voice of
customers (VOC): Importance and VOC data collection. Critical to Quality (CTQ),
Introduction to DMAIC.
UNIT II

Control charts for variables: X-bar & R-chart, X-bar & s-chart. Control charts for attributes:
npchart, p-chart, c-chart and u-chart. Comparison between control charts for variables and
control charts for attributes. Analysis of patterns on control chart, estimation of process
capability.

UNIT III

Acceptance sampling plan: Principle of acceptance sampling plans. Single and Double
sampling plan their OC, AQL, LTPD, AOQ, AOQL, ASN, ATI functions with graphical
interpretation, use and interpretation of Dodge and Romig’s sampling inspection plan
tables.

UNIT IV

Sequential Analysis: Sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) for simple vs simple
hypotheses. Fundamental relations among α, β, A and B, determination of A and B in
practice. Wald’s fundamental identity and the derivation of operating characteristics (OC)
and average sample number (ASN) functions, examples based on normal, Poisson, binomial
and exponential distributions.

SUGGESTED READING:

1. Montogomery, D. C. (2009): Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 6th Edition, Wiley

India Pvt. Ltd.

2. Goon A.M., Gupta M.K. and Dasgupta B. (2002): Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol. I & II,
8th Edn. The World Press, Kolkata.

3. Mukhopadhyay, P (2011):Applied Statistics, 2nd edition revised reprint, Books and

Allied(P) Ltd.

4. Montogomery, D. C. and Runger, G.C. (2008): Applied Statistics and Probability for

Engineers, 3rd Edition reprint, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd.

5. Ehrlich, B. Harris (2002): Transactional Six Sigma and Lean Servicing, 2nd Edition, St.
Lucie Press.

6. Hoyle, David (1995): ISO Quality Systems Handbook, 2nd Edition, Butterworth
Heinemann Publication.

PRACTICAL/LAB. WORK:

List of Practical

1. Construction and interpretation of statistical control charts for X-bar & R-chart, for X-bar
& schart, for np-chart, for p-chart, for c-chart and for u-chart.

2. Single sample inspection plan: Construction and interpretation of OC, AQL, LTPD, ASN,
ATI, AOQ, AOQL curves

3. Calculation of process capability and comparison of 3-sigma control limits with

specification limits.

4. Use a case study to apply the concept of six sigma application in DMAIC: practical

5. SPRT procedure

6. OC function and OC curve

7. ASN function and ASN curve

 Course Code: STAT-MAJ-4044

Course Paper: Sampling Distributions

Credits: 4(Lecture-45, Practical-15) Marks: 100(T60+P20+IA20)

Course Objectives:
The learning objectives include:
To understand the concept of sampling distributions and their applications in statistical
inference.
To understand the process of hypothesis testing.
To have a clear understanding of when to apply various tests of hypothesis about population
parameters using sample statistics and draw appropriate conclusions from the analysis.

Course Learning Outcomes:

After completing this course, students should have developed a clear understanding of:
Laws of convergence, their inter relations and applications. Central Limit Theorem and its
applications. Order statistics and distribution of sample median and range. Basic concepts of
hypothesis testing, including framing of null and alternative hypothesis. Hypothesis testing
based on a single sample and two samples using both classical and p value approach. Chi
square distribution. Analyze categorical data by using Chi square techniques. t and F
distributions and their applications.
Contents:
UNIT I: Order Statistics: Introduction, distribution of the rth order statistic, smallest and
largest order statistics. Joint distribution of rth and sth order statistics, distribution of sample
median and sample range.

UNIT II: Large sample tests: Use of CLT for testing single proportion, difference of two
proportions, single mean, difference of two means, standard deviation and difference of
standard deviations by classical and p-value approaches.
UNIT III: Chi-square distribution: Definition and derivation of p.d.f. of χ2 with n degrees of
freedom (d.f.) using m.g.f., nature of p.d.f. curve for different degrees of freedom, mean,
variance, m.g.f., cumulant generating function, mode, additive property and limiting form of
χ2 distribution. Tests of significance and confidence intervals based on distribution.
UNIT IV: t and F distributions: Student’s and Fishers t-distribution, Derivation of its p.d.f.,
nature of probability curve with different degrees of freedom, mean, variance, moments and
limiting form of t distribution. Derivation of distribution of sample correlation coefficient
when population correlation coefficient is zero (Sawkin’s Methods).Snedecore's F-
distribution: Derivation of p.d.f., nature of p.d.f. curve with different degrees of freedom,
mean, variance and mode. Distribution of 1/F(n1,n2). Relationship between t, F and χ 2
distributions. Test of significance and confidence Intervals based on t and F distributions.
SUGGESTED READING:

1. Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Dasgupta, B. (2003): An Outline of Statistical Theory, Vol.
I, 4th Edn. World Press, Kolkata.
2. Rohatgi V. K. and Saleh, A.K. Md. E. (2009): An Introduction to Probability and Statistics.
2ndEdn. (Reprint) John Wiley and Sons.

3. Hogg, R.V. and Tanis, E.A. (2009): A Brief Course in Mathematical Statistics. Pearson
Education.

4. Johnson, R.A. and Bhattacharya, G.K. (2001): Statistics-Principles and Methods, 4th Edn.
John Wiley and Sons.

5. Mood, A.M., Graybill, F.A. and Boes, D.C. (2007): Introduction to the Theory of
Statistics, 3rd Edn. (Reprint).Tata McGraw-Hill Pub. Co. Ltd.

PRACTICAL/LAB. WORK:

List of Practical

1. Testing of significance and confidence intervals for single proportion and difference of two
proportions

2. Testing of significance and confidence intervals for single mean and difference of two
means and paired tests.

3. Testing of significance and confidence intervals for difference of two standard deviations.

4. Exact Sample Tests based on Chi-Square Distribution.

5. Testing if the population variance has a specific value and its confidence intervals.

6. Testing of goodness of fit.

7. Testing of independence of attributes.

8. Testing based on 2 X 2 contingency table without and with Yates’ corrections.

 Course Code: STAT-MIN-4014

Course Paper: Sampling Distribution and Inference

Credits: 4(Lecture-45, Tutorial-15) Marks: 100(60T+20IA+20P)
Course Objectives:
The learning objectives include:
To understand the concept of sampling distributions and their applications in statistical
inference.
To understand the process of hypothesis testing. To have a clear understanding of when to
apply various tests of hypothesis about population parameters using sample statistics and
draw appropriate conclusions from the analysis.
Drawing inference about the unknown population parameters based on random samples.

Course Learning Outcomes:

After completing this course, students should have developed a clear understanding of:
Order statistics and distribution of sample median and range. Basic concepts of hypothesis
testing, including framing of null and alternative hypothesis. Analyze categorical data by
using Chi square techniques. t and F distributions and their applications.
Different methods of finding point estimators for unknown population parameters, their
advantages and disadvantages.
General methods of constructing interval estimators (Confidence Intervals) for
unknown population parameters.
Contents

UNIT I:
Order Statistics: Introduction, distribution of the rth order statistic, distribution of sample
median and sample range. Procedure for testing of hypothesis. Test of significance for large
samples. Z-test for testing the significance of proportion, mean and standard deviation.

UNIT II:
χ2 distributions: definition and properties. Student’s-t and Fishers t-distribution and F
distributions. Relationship between t, F and χ2 distributions. Application Based problems of
χ2, t and F distribution.
UNIT III:
Estimation: Concepts of estimation, unbiasedness, sufficiency, consistency and efficiency.
Factorization theorem. Complete statistic, Minimum variance unbiased estimator (MVUE),
Principles of test of significance: Null and alternative hypotheses (simple and composite),
Type-I and Type-II errors, critical region, level of significance, size and power, best critical
region.

UNIT IV:

Most powerful test, uniformly most powerful test, Neyman Pearson Lemma (statement
and applications to construct most powerful test). Interval estimation: Confidence
interval for the parameters of various distributions, Confidence interval for Binomial
proportion, Confidence interval for population correlation coefficient for univariate
Normal distribution, Large sample confidence intervals.

SUGGESTED READING:

1. Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Dasgupta, B. (2003): An Outline of Statistical Theory, Vol.
I, 4th Edn. World Press, Kolkata.

2. Rohatgi V. K. and Saleh, A.K. Md. E. (2009): An Introduction to Probability and Statistics.
2ndEdn. (Reprint) John Wiley and Sons.

3. Hogg, R.V. and Tanis, E.A. (2009): A Brief Course in Mathematical Statistics. Pearson
Education.

4. Johnson, R.A. and Bhattacharya, G.K. (2001): Statistics-Principles and Methods, 4th Edn.
John Wiley and Sons.

5. Goon A.M., Gupta M.K.: Das Gupta.B. (2005), Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol. I, World
Press, Calcutta.

6. Miller, I. and Miller, M. (2002) : John E. Freund’s Mathematical Statistics (6th addition,
low price edition), Prentice Hall of India.

7. Dudewicz, E. J., and Mishra, S. N. (1988): Modern Mathematical Statistics. John Wiley &
Sons.

8. Mood A.M, Graybill F.A. and Boes D.C,: Introduction to the Theory of Statistics, McGraw
Hill.

9. Bhat B.R, Srivenkatramana T and Rao Madhava K.S. (1997) Statistics: A Beginner’s Text,
Vol. I, New Age International (P) Ltd.

10. Snedecor G.W and Cochran W.G.(1967) Statistical Methods. lowa State University Press.
B. Sc. Honours (Statistics) 21

PRACTICAL/LABWORK:

List of Practical

1. Testing of significance and confidence intervals for single proportion and difference of two
proportions

2. Testing of significance and confidence intervals for single mean and difference of two
means and paired tests.

3. Testing of significance and confidence intervals for difference of two standard deviations.

4. Exact Sample Tests based on Chi-Square Distribution.

5. Testing if the population variance has a specific value and its confidence intervals.
6. Testing of goodness of fit.

7. Testing of independence of attributes.

8. Testing based on 2 X 2 contingency table without and with Yates’ corrections.

9. Unbiased estimators (including unbiased but absurd estimators)

10. Consistent estimators, efficient estimators and relative efficiency of estimators.

11. Maximum Likelihood Estimation

12. Estimation by the method of moments, minimum Chi-square

 SEMESTER V
Course Code: STAT-MAJ-5014

Course Paper: Econometrics and Demand Analysis

Credits: 4 (Lecture-45, Practical-15) Marks:100(60T+20P+20IA)

Objectives:

The learning objectives include developing a clear understanding of the

fundamental concepts of linear models and a range of associated skills allowing the
students to work effectively with them.
Learning Outcomes:
After completing this course, students should have developed a clear understanding of
Gauss Markov Theorem and its use. Distribution of
quadratic forms. Simple and Multiple linear regression models and their applications.
Fitting of these models to real or synthetic data, derivation of confidence and prediction
intervals, and a sound scientific interpretation of the results. Techniques of Analysis of
Variance and Covariance under fixed effects model.
Contents:
UNIT I

Definition of econometrics, scope and limitations of econometrics, uses of econometrics in

different fields. Gauss-Markov set-up: Theory of linear estimation, Estimability of linear
parametric functions, Method of least squares, Gauss-Markov theorem, Estimation of error
variance.

UNIT II

Regression analysis: Simple regression analysis, Estimation and hypothesis testing in case of
simple and multiple regression models, Concept of model matrix and its use in estimation. .
Effect of orthogonal columns in the X matrix, Partial F-test and Sequential F-test, Bias in
regression estimates.

UNIT III

Model checking: Prediction from a fitted model, Violation of usual assumptions concerning
normality, Homoscedasticity and collinearity, Diagnostics using quantile-quantile plots.
Model Building: Techniques for Variable selection. Polynomial Regression models:
Orthogonal Polynomials.

UNIT IV
 Demand and supply: equilibrium points, Laws of demand and supply. Price elasticity of
demand. Income elasticity, Engel’s law and Engel Curve, Pareto’s law of income distribution.

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Weisberg, S. (2005). Applied Linear Regression (Third edition). Wiley.

2. Wu, C. F. J. And Hamada, M. (2009). Experiments, Analysis, and Parameter Design

Optimization (Second edition), John Wiley.

3. Renchner, A. C. And Schaalje, G. B. (2008). Linear Models in Statistics (Second edition),

John Wiley and Sons.

4. Gujarati, D. N. (2022). Basic econometrics. Prentice Hall.

5. Wainwright, K. (2005). Fundamental methods of mathematical economics.

Erlangga.

6. Baruah, S. (2001). Basic Mathematics and Its Application in Economics.

Macmillan india Limited.

PRACTICAL/ LAB. WORK:

List of Practical

1. Estimability when X is a full rank matrix and not a full rank matrix

2. Distribution of Quadratic forms

3. Simple Linear Regression

4. Multiple Regressions

5. Tests for Linear Hypothesis

6. Bias in regression estimates

7. Lack of fit

8. Stepwise Regression procedure.

9. Analysis of Variance of a one way classified data

10. Analysis of Variance of a two way classified data with one observation per cell

11. Analysis of Variance of a two way classified data with m(>1) observation per cell

12. Analysis of Covariance of a one way classified data

13. Residual Analysis.

 Course Code: STAT-MAJ-5024
Course Paper: Design of Experiments
Credits: 4 (Lecture-45, Practical-15) Marks: 100(T60+P20+IA20)

Objectives:
The learning objectives include:
To design and conduct experiments and to analyze and interpret data.
Learning Outcomes:
After completing this course, students should have developed a clear understanding of:
The fundamental concepts of design of experiments. Introduction to planning valid and
economical experiments within given resources. Completely randomized design.
Randomized block design. Latin square design. Balanced incomplete block design. Full
and confounded factorial designs with two and three levels. Fractional factorial designs
with two levels.
Contents:
UNIT I:

Analysis of variance: Definitions of fixed, random and mixed effect models, analysis of
variance and covariance in one-way classified data for fixed effect models, analysis of variance
and covariance in two-way classified data with one observation per cell for fixed effect models

UNIT II:
Experimental designs: Role, historical perspective, terminology, experimental error,
basic principles, uniformity trials, fertility contour maps, choice of size and shape of
plots and blocks. Basic designs: Completely Randomized Design (CRD), Randomized
Block Design (RBD), Latin Square Design (LSD) -layout, model and statistical analysis,
relative efficiency, analysis with missing observations.
UNIT III:
Incomplete Block Designs: Balanced Incomplete Block Design (BIBD)-parameters,
relationships among its parameters, incidence matrix and its properties. Split plot design,
Idea of Strip plot design and lattice design.
UNIT IV:
Factorial experiments: Concepts, notations and advantages, 2 2, 23…2n and 32 factorial
experiments, design and analysis, Total and Partial confounding for 2 n (n≤5), 32.
Factorial experiments in a single replicate.
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Cochran, W.G. and Cox, G.M. (1959). Experimental Design. AsiaPublishing House.
2. Das., M.N. and Giri, N.C. (1986). Design and Analysis of Experiments. Wiley Eastern
3. Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Dasgupta, B. (2005). Fundamentals of Statistics.
Vol. II, 8thEd. World Press, Kolkata.
4. Kempthorne, O. (1965). The Design and Analysis of Experiments. John Wiley.
5. Montgomery, D. C. (2008). Design and Analysis of Experiments. John Wiley.

PRACTICAL/ LAB WORK

List of Practicals:
1. Analysis of a CRD with equal and unequal replicates.
2. Analysis of RBD.
3. Analysis of LSD.
4. Analysis of RBD with one missing observation.
5. Analysis of LSD with one missing observation.
6. Intra block analysis of BIBD.
7. Intra block analysis of a symmetric BIBD.
8. Analysis of 22 and
2
23 factorial in CRD, RBD and LSD.
9. Analysis of a 3 factorial in CRD and RBD.
10. Analysis of a completely confounded two level factorial design in 2 blocks.
11. Analysis of a completely confounded two level factorial design in 4 blocks.
12. Analysis of a partially confounded two level factorial design.
13. Analysis of a single replicate of an2n design.
14. Analysis of one half fraction of 2 factorial design.
15. Analysis of one quarter fraction of 2n factorial design.
 Course Code: STAT-MAJ-5034

Course Paper: Mathematical and Numerical Analysis)

Credits: 4 (Lecture-45, Practical-15) Marks:100(60T+20P+20IA)

Objectives:
The learning objectives include:

To study the Real Analysis, this deals with the analytical properties of real functions and
sequences.
To study the Numerical Analysis, this is the study of algorithms that use numerical
approximation for the problems of mathematical analysis.

Learning Outcomes:
After completing this course, students should have developed a clear understanding of:

Fundamental properties of real number and real-valued functions. Analytical properties of

sequences.

Infinite series, their properties and different tests.

Limits, continuity, differentiability and mean value theorems.
Fundamentals of numerical analysis, interpolation, numerical integration and difference
equation.
Contents:

UNIT-I

Real Analysis: Representation of real numbers as points on the line and the set of real
numbers as complete ordered field. Bounded and unbounded sets, neighbourhoods and limit
points, Superimum and infimum, derived sets, open and closed sets, sequences and their
convergence, limits of some special sequences such as 𝑟 , 1 + , 𝑛 and Cauchy’s general
principle of convergence, Cauchy’s first theorem on limits, monotonic sequences, limit
superior and limit inferior of a bounded sequence. Uniform Continuity and boundedness of a
function.

UNIT-II

Infinite series, positive termed series and their convergence, Comparison test, D’Alembert’s
ratio test, Cauchy’s nth root test, Raabe’s test. Gauss test, Cauchy’s condensation test and
integral test (Statements and Examples only). Absolute convergence of series. Rolle’s
theorem, Lagrange’s Mean Value theorems. Taylor’s theorem with Lagrange’s and Cauchy’s
form of remainder (without proof). Taylor’s and Maclaurin’s series expansions of sinx, cosx,
log (1+x).

UNIT-III

Numerical Analysis: ∆ & 𝐸 operators, Factorial, Fundamental theorem, zero differences,

Interpolation formulae. Newton’s forward, backward and divided differences interpolation
 formulae. Lagrange’s interpolation formulae. Central differences, Gauss’s forward, backward
and Stirling interpolation formulae.

UNIT-IV

Numerical integration. Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s one-third rule, three-eighth rule,

Weddle’s rule with error terms. Stirling’s approximation to factorial n. Solution of difference
equations of first order.

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Malik S.C. and Savita Arora: Mathematical Analysis, Second Edition, Wiley Eastern
Limited, New Age International Limited, New Delhi, 1994.

2. Somasundram D. and Chaudhary B.: A First Course in Mathematical Analysis, Narosa

Publishing House, New Delhi, 1987.

3. Gupta S.L. and Nisha Rani: Principles of Real Analysis, Vikas Publ. House Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi, 1995. B. Sc. Honours (Statistics) 19

4. Appostol T.M.: Mathematical Analysis, Second Edition, Narosa Publishing House,

NewDelhi, 1987.

5. Shanti Narayan: A course of Mathematical Analysis, 12th revised Edition, S. Chand & Co.
(Pvt.) Ltd., New Delhi, 1987.

6. Singal M.K. and Singal A.R.: A First Course in Real Analysis, 24th Edition, R. Chand &
Co., New Delhi, 2003.

7. Bartle, R. G. and Sherbert, D. R. (2002): Introduction to Real Analysis(3rd Edition), John

Wiley and Sons (Asia) Pte. Ltd., Singapore.

8. Ghorpade, Sudhir R. and Limaye, Balmohan V. (2006): A Course in Calculus and Real
Analysis,Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics, Springer (SIE), Indian reprint.

9. Jain,M. K., Iyengar, S. R. K. and Jain, R. K. (2003): Numerical methods for scientific and
engineering computation, New age International Publisher, India.

10. Mukherjee, Kr. Kalyan (1990): Numerical Analysis. New Central Book Agency.

11. Sastry, S.S. (2000): Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis, 3rd edition, Prentice
Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Del

PRACTICAL/LABWORK:

List of Practical

1. Formation of difference table, fitting of polynomial and missing terms for equal
interval of differencing.
2. Based on Newton’s Gregory forward difference interpolation formula.
3. Based on Newton’s backward difference interpolation formula.
4. Based on Newton’s divided difference and Lagrange’s interpolation formula.
5. Based on Gauss forward, Gauss backward central difference interpolation formula.
6. Based on Stirling’s central difference interpolation formula.
7. Based on Lagrange’s Inverse interpolation formula.
8. Based on method of successive approximation or iteration.
9. Based on method of reversion of series.
10. Based on Trapezoidal Rule, Simpson’s one-third rule, Simpson’s three-eighth rule,
Weddle’s rule.
11. To find sum by Euler-Maclaurin summation formula.
 Course Code: STAT-MAJ-5044

Course Paper: Survey Sampling and Indian Official Statistics

Credits: 4 (Lecture-45, Practical-15) Marks: 100(T60+P20+IA20)

Objectives:

The learning objectives include:

To provide tools and techniques for selecting a sample of elements from a target
population keeping in mind the objectives to be fulfilled and nature of population.

To obtain estimator of the population parameter on the basis of selected sample and
study its properties.

Learning Outcomes:

After completing this course, students should have developed a clear understanding of:

The fundamental concepts of population and sample. (or the basic concepts of survey)
The principles of sample survey and the steps involved in selecting a sample.

Simple Random Sampling. Stratified Sampling. Systematic Sampling. Ratio and

Regression Methods of Estimation. Cluster Sampling (equal size clusters).Sub
Sampling. Indian Official Statistics.

Contents:

UNIT I

Concept of population and sample, complete enumeration versus sampling, sampling and
non-sampling errors. Types of sampling: non-probability and probability sampling, basic
principle of sample survey, simple random sampling with and without replacement, definition
and procedure of selecting a sample, estimates of: population mean, total and proportion,
variances of these estimates, estimates of their variances and sample size determination.
Stratified random sampling: Technique, estimates of population mean and total, variances of
these estimates, proportional and optimum allocations and their comparison with SRS.
Estimation of gain in precision.

UNIT II

Systematic Sampling: Technique, estimates of population mean and total, variances of these
estimates (N=nxk) and its efficiency. Comparison of systematic sampling with SRS and
stratified sampling in the presence of linear trend and corrections. Cluster sampling (equal
clusters only) estimation of population mean and its variance. Two stage sampling and
calculation of its mean and variance. Idea of sub sampling.

UNIT III

Introduction to Ratio and regression methods of estimation involving one or more auxiliary
variables, first approximation to the population mean and total (for SRS of large size).
Probability proportional to size sampling with and without replacement.
 UNIT IV

Present official statistical system in India, Methods of collection of official statistics, their
reliability and limitations. Role of Ministry of Statistics & Program Implementation (MOSPI),
Central Statistical Office (CSO), National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), and National
Statistical Commission.

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Cochran W.G. (1984): Sampling Techniques( 3rd Ed.), Wiley Eastern.

2. Sukhatme,P.V., Sukhatme, B.V. Sukhatme,S. Asok,C.(1984). Sampling Theories of Survey

With Application, IOWA State University Press and Indian Society of Agricultural Statistics

3. Murthy M.N. (1977): Sampling Theory & Statistical Methods, Statistical Pub. Society,
Calcutta.

4. Des Raj and Chandhok, P. (1998): Sample Survey Theory, Narosa Publishing House.

5. Goon A.M., Gupta M.K. and Dasgupta, B. (2001): Fundamentals of Statistics (Vol.2),
World Press.

6. Guide to current Indian Official Statistics, Central Statistical Office, GOI, New Delhi.

7. http://mospi.nic.in/

PRACTICAL/ LAB. WORK:

List of Practical

1. To select a SRS with and without replacement.

2. For a population of size 5, estimate population mean, population mean square and
population variance. Enumerate all possible samples of size 2 by WR and WOR and establish
all properties relative to SRS.

3. For SRSWOR, estimate mean, standard error, the sample size

4. Stratified Sampling: allocation of sample to strata by proportional and Neyman’s methods

Compare the efficiencies of above two methods relative to SRS

5. Estimation of gain in precision in stratified sampling.

6. Comparison of systematic sampling with stratified sampling and SRS in the presence of a
linear trend.

7. Cluster sampling: estimation of mean or total, variance of the estimate, estimate of intra-
class correlation coefficient, efficiency as compared to SRS.

8. Ratio and Regression estimation: Calculate the population mean or total of the population.
Calculate mean squares. Compare the efficiencies of ratio and regression estimators relative
to SRS.

9. Calculate the mean, variance of PPS sampling.

 SEMESTER VI

Course Code: STAT-MAJ-6014

Course Paper: Operations Research
Credits: 4 (Lecture-45, Practical-15) Marks:100 (T60+P20+IA20)

Objectives:
The learning objectives include:
To study various Operational Research Techniques and Models.
Learning Outcomes:
After completing this course, students should have developed a clear understanding of:
The fundamental concepts of Operational Research Techniques Linear Programming.
Transportation and assignment problems Game Theory and Inventory Models.
Contents:
UNIT I:
Introduction to Operations Research (O.R.): Definition and phases of O.R.Model
building, various types of O.R. problem. Linear Programming Problem (L.P.P.):
Mathematical formulation of the L.P.P, graphical solutions of L.P.P. Simplex method for
solving L.P.P. Big M-Method for solving L.P.P. involving artificial variables. Concept of
Duality in L.P.P: Dual simplex method.
UNIT II:
Transportation Problem: Initial solution by North West corner rule, Least cost method
and Vogel’s approximation method (VAM), MODI’s method to find the optimal
solution. Assignment problem: Hungarian method to find optimal assignment.
UNIT III: Game theory: Rectangular game, minimax - maximin principle, solution to
rectangular game using graphical method, dominance and modified dominance property
to reduce the game matrix and solution to rectangular game with mixed strategy.
UNIT IV:
Inventory Management: ABC inventory system, characteristics of inventory system.
EOQ Model and its variations, with and without shortages, Idea of Network, PERT and
CPM and their related problems.
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Taha, H. A. (2007). Operations Research: An Introduction, 8thEd., Prentice Hall of
India.
2. Swarup, K., Gupta, P.K. and Man Mohan (2007). Operations Research, 13th
Ed., Sultan Chand and Sons.
PRACTICAL/ LAB WORK (Using TORA/WINQSB/LINGO)

List of Practicals:
1. Mathematical formulation of L.P.P and solving the problem using graphical
method, Simplex technique and Charne’s Big M method involving artificial
variables.
2. Identifying Special cases by Graphical and Simplex method and interpretation:

a) Degenerate solution
b) Unbounded solution
c) Alternate solution
d) Infeasible solution
3. Post-optimality:
a) Addition of constraint
b) Change in requirement vector
c) Addition of new activity
d) Change in cost vector
4. Allocation problem using Transportation model.
5. Allocation problem using Assignment model.
6. Problems based on game matrix:
a) Graphical solution to mx2 / 2xn rectangular game
b) Mixed strategy
7. To find optimal inventory policy for EOQ models and its variations.
8. To solve all-units quantity discounts model.
9. Problems based on CPM and PERT.
 Course Code: STAT-MAJ-6024
Course Paper: Statistical Computing Using R Programming
Credits: 4 (Lecture-45, Practical-15) Marks: 100(T60+P20+IA20)

Objectives:
The learning objectives include:
To make the students acquainted with computer, which will help the students to use
computers in solving different statistical problems. R is widely use in statistical
analysis and knowledge of these languages is must for the students to cope up with
the world of data analysis. In this course different steps of data processing such as
data entry, data editing, data analysis etc. will be discuss using R. Demonstration of
these topics will be done by using R.
Learning Outcomes:
After completion of this course the students will be able expected to learn how to use
R in analysis data. It is expected that students will be more confident while handling
the data after completion of the course.
Contents:
UNIT I:
Introduction to R, history of R, pros and cons of R, R-studio, R as a calculator, R as a
statistical software and language, downloading and installing R, commands, objects
and functions, using scripts, the R workspace, installing packages, getting help.
Methods of data input, data accessing and indexing, built-in functions, importing data
into R,Logical vectors and relational operators, matrix operations in R.
UNIT II:
Descriptive statistics using R, measures of central tendency, measures of dispersions,
measures of skewness and kurtosis, correlation and tabulation of data. Handling
categorical data with R.
UNIT III:
Visualization of data : standard plot function, arguments, construction of scatter plot,
barplot, pie graph, histogram, boxplot, multiple bar diagram etc., visualization of data
by using R packages such as ggplot.
UNIT IV:
Probability distribution: Probability Distributions (Discrete and Continuous),
Estimation of parameters (optim and nlm function) using R.
Statistical Inference :exploring assumptions using R, different parametric and non
parametric statistical tests. Linear Models using R – Simple Regression, ANOVA,
ANCOVA.
SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Purosit S.G., Gore S.D., Deshmukh S. R. (2008), Statistics using R, Narosa

Publishing House

2. Field, A., Miles J., Field Z.(2012), Discovering Statistics Using R, SAGE

3. Dalgaard P.(2002), Introductory Statistics with R, Springer

4. Cohen Y. and Cohen J. Y. (2007), Statistics and Data with R, An Applied

Approach Through Examples, Wiley

5. Braun W. J. and Murdoch D. J. (2009) A First Course in Statistical Programming

with R, Cambridge

PRACTICAL/ LAB WORK

List of Practicals:
1. Matrix addition, subtraction, multiplication Transpose and Trace using R.
2. visualization of data by using R packages such as ggplot.
3. Roots of a quadratic equation using R
4. Mean Median and Mode of a Grouped Frequency Data.
5. Variance and coefficient of variation of a Grouped Frequency Data.
6. Multiple and Partial correlation using R.
7. Fitting of lines of regression using R.
8. Random number generation from uniform, exponential, normal (using CLT)
and gamma distribution calculate sample mean and variance and compare
with population parameters using R.
9. Fitting of Binomial, Poisson distribution and apply Chi-square test for
goodness of fit using R.
10. Chi-square contingency table using R.
11. t-test for difference of means using R.
12. Paired t-test using R.
13. F-ratio test using R.
 Course Code: STAT-MAJ-6034
Course Paper: Multivariate Analysis and Non-Parametric Methods
Credits: 4 (Lecture-45, Practical-15) Marks: 100(T60+P20+IA20)

Objectives:
The learning objectives include:
Study of theoretical concepts of Bivariate Normal and Multivariate Normal Distributions
along with their properties. Analyze multivariate data. Application of Wald’s SPRT and
Non-Parametric methods of testing of hypothesis.
Learning Outcomes:
On completion of the course, students should have achieved the following:
The understanding of basic concepts associated with Multivariate Normal Distributions
and their properties with special emphasis on Bivariate Normal Distribution. Analyzing
Multivariate data using data reduction techniques like Principal Component Analysis,
Factor Analysis. Classification method namely Discriminant Analysis. Testing of
hypothesis using Non-Parametric tests like Median test, Runs test, U test, Kruskal
Wallis test etc. and ability to use them judiciously for the testing of given data.
Contents:
UNIT I:
Bivariate Normal Distribution (BVN): pdf of BVN, properties of BVN, marginal and
Conditional pdf of BVN. Multivariate Data: Random Vector: Probability mass/density
functions, Distribution Function, Mean vector, Dispersion matrix, Marginal distributions,
Conditional distributions.
UNIT II:
Multivariate Normal distribution and its properties. Sampling distribution for mean
vector and variance-covariance matrix. Mahalanobis D2 and Hotellings T2 statistics and
their applications. Multiple and partial correlation coefficient and their properties.
UNIT III:
Introduction to discriminant Analysis, Principal Components Analysis and Factor
Analysis, and problems related to them.

UNIT IV:
Nonparametric Tests: Introduction and Concept, Kolmogorov’s test for goodness of fit
and its consistency, sign test -one sample and two samples and its optimality, Wilcoxon
signed-rank test and its consistency, Kolmogorov Smirnov test for two sample, run test,
 Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test and median test, their consistency and asymptotic
normality, Kruskal-Wallis test.

SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Anderson, T.W. (2003). An Introduction to Multivariate Statistical Analysis,
3rd Ed., John Wiley& Sons.
2. Arora, S.and Bansi, L. (1968). New Mathematical Statistics, 1st Ed., Vanita Printers.
3. Gibbons, J. D. and Chakraborty, S. (2003). Non-Parametric Statistical
Inference. 4thEd., Marcel Dekker, CRC.
4. Seber, G. A., & Lee, A. J. (2003). Linear regression analysis (Vol. 330). John
Wiley & Sons.
5. Mardia, K. V., Kent, J. T., & Bibby, J. M. (1979). Multivariate
analysis. Probability and mathematical statistics.
6. Gun, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Dasgupta, B. (2005). An Outline of Statistical
Theory, Volume II, World Press.
7. Gupta, S.C. and Kapoor, V.K. (2014). Fundamentals of Mathematical
Statistics, 11th Ed., Sultan Chand.
8. Johnson, R.A. and Wichern, D.W. (2007). Applied Multivariate Analysis, 6th
Ed., Prentice Hall.
9. Kshirsagar, A.M. (1972). Multivariate Analysis, 1st Ed., Marcel Dekker.
10. Muirhead, R.J. (1982). Aspects of Multivariate Statistical Theory, John Wiley.
11. Mukhopadhyay, P. (2015). Mathematical Statistics.
12. Rao, C. R. (2000). Linear Statistical Inference, John Wiley & Sons.
13. Siegel, S. and Castellan, N.J. (1988). Non-Parametric Statistics for the
Behavioral Sciences, 2nd Ed., International Edition.
14. Siegel, S. (1956). Non-Parametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, McGraw
Hill.

PRACTICAL/LAB WORK
List of Practicals:
1. Bivariate Normal Distribution and it’s properties.
2. Multivariate Normal Distribution and it’s properties.
3. Partial Correlation Coefficient.
4. Multiple Correlation Coefficient.
5. Plane of Regression.
6. Principal Component Analysis.
7. Discriminant analysis.
8. Factor Analysis.
9. Test for randomness based on total number of runs.
10. Kolmogorov Smirnov test for one sample.
11. Sign test: one sample, two sample, large samples.
12. Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U – test.
13. Kruskal - Wallis test.
14. Wald- Wolfowitz test.
15. Median Test.
 Course Code: STAT-MAJ-6044
Course Paper: Demography and Vital Statistics)
Credits: 4 (Lecture-45, Practical-15) Marks: 100 (T60+IA20+P20)
Objectives:
The learning objectives include:
To collect valid Demographic data using different methods. To learn basic measures
of
Mortality, Fertility and Population Growth. To construct life tables.

Learning Outcomes:
After completing this course, students should have developed a clear understanding
of: Distinction between Vital Statistics and Demography. Errors in Demographic data.
To check the completeness of registration data using Chandrasekaran-Deming
formula. Use of Myer’s and UN indices in evaluating age data. Use of Balancing
Equations. Population Composition and Dependency Ratio. Sources of data collection
on Vital Statistics and errors therein. Measurement of Population. Distinction between
Rate and Ratio. Basic measures of Mortality. Concepts of Stable and Stationary
Populations. Concept of Life Tables, their construction and uses. Concept of Abridged
life tables and their construction by Reed and Merrell method, Greville’s method and
King’s Method. Basic measures of Fertility. Measures of Population Growth.

Contents:
UNIT I:
Population Theories: Coverage and content errors in demographic data, use of
balancing equations and Chandrasekaran-Deming formula to check completeness of
registration data. Adjustment of age data, use of Myer and UN indices, Population
composition, dependency
ratio.
UNIT II:
Introduction and sources of collecting data on vital statistics, errors in census and
registration data. Measurement of population, rate and ratio of vital events.
Measurements of Mortality: Crude Death Rate (CDR), Specific Death Rate (SDR),
Infant Mortality, Rate (IMR) and Standardized Death Rates.
UNIT III:
Stationary and Stable population, Central Mortality Rates and Force of Mortality.
Life(Mortality) Tables: Assumption, description, construction of Life Tables and Uses
of Life Tables.
UNIT IV:
Abridged Life Tables; Concept and construction of abridged life tables by Reed-
Merrell method, Greville’s method and King’s Method. Measurements of Fertility:
 Crude Birth Rate (CBR), General Fertility Rate (GFR), Specific Fertility Rate (SFR)
and Total Fertility Rate (TFR). Measurement of Population Growth: Crude rates of
natural increase, Pearl’s Vital Index, Gross Reproduction Rate (GRR) and Net
Reproduction Rate (NRR).

SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Biswas, S. (1988). Stochastic Processes in Demography & Application, Wiley
Eastern Ltd.
2. Croxton, Fredrick, E. Cowden, Dudley J. and Klein, S. (1973). Applied General
Statistics, 3rd Ed., Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.
3. Gun, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Dasgupta, B. (2008). Fundamentals of Statistics,
Vol. II, 9thEd., World Press.
4. Keyfitz, N. and Beekman,J.A. (1985). Demography through Problems. S-Verlag,
New York.
5. Mukhopadhyay, P. (1999). Applied Statistics, Books and Allied (P) Ltd.

PRACTICAL/LAB WORK
List of Practicals:
1. To calculate CDR and Age Specific death rate for a given set of data.
2. To find standardized death rate by: (i) Direct method (ii) Indirect method.
3. To construct a complete life table.
4. To fill in the missing entries in a life table.
5. To calculate probabilities of death at pivotal ages and use it construct abridged life
table using: (i) Reed-Merrell Method, (ii) Greville’s Method and (iii) King’s
Method.
6. To calculate CBR, GFR, SFR, TFR for a given set of data.
7. To calculate Crude rate of Natural Increase and Pearle’s Vital Index for a given set
of data.
8. Calculate GRR and NRR for a given set of data and compare them.
 SEMESTER-VI
Course Code: STAT-MIN-5014

Course Paper: Statistical Inference and Non-Parametric Methods

Credits: 4(Lecture-45, Practical-15) Marks: 100(T60+P20+IA20)

Objectives:
The learning objectives include:

To learn how the mathematical ideas of Statistics carry over into the world of applications.

Learning Outcomes:
After completing this course, students should have developed a clear understanding of:

Theory of estimation. Tests of hypothesis.

Application of Chi-square test. Nonparametric tests.

Contents:
UNIT I

Estimation: Concepts of estimation, unbiasedness, sufficiency, consistency and efficiency.

Factorization theorem. Complete statistic, Minimum variance unbiased estimator (MVUE),
Rao-Blackwell and Lehmann-Scheffe theorems and their applications

UNIT II

Methods of Estimation: Method of moments, method of maximum likelihood estimation,

method of minimum Chi-square.

UNIT III

Principles of test of significance: Null and alternative hypotheses (simple and composite),
Type-I and Type-II errors, critical region, level of significance, size and power, best critical
region, most powerful test, uniformly most powerful test, Neyman Pearson Lemma (statement
and applications to construct most powerful test). Likelihood ratio test, properties of
likelihood ratio tests (without proof).

UNIT IV

Interval estimation: Confidence interval for the parameters of various distributions,

Confidence interval for Binomial proportion, Confidence interval for population
correlation coefficient for Bivariate Normal distribution.

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Daniel, Wayne W., Bio-statistics: A Foundation for Analysis in the Health Sciences. John
Wiley (2005).
 2. Goon, A.M., Gupta M.K. & Das Gupta, Fundamentals of statistics, Vol.-I & II (2005).

3. Dunn, O.J Basic Statistics: A primer for the Biomedical Sciences .(1964, 1977) by John
Wiley.

PRACTICAL/LAB WORK

Related Practicals
 SEMESTER-VI

Course Code: STAT-MIN-6014

Course Paper: Survey Sampling

Credits: 4 (Lecture-45, Practical-15) Marks: 100(T60+P20+IA20)

Objectives:
The learning objectives include:
To provide tools and techniques for selecting a sample of elements from a target population
keeping in mind the objectives to be fulfilled and nature of population.

To analyse and interpret the data.

Learning Outcomes:
After completing this course, students should have developed a clear understanding of:

The fundamental concepts of population and sample. (or the basic concepts of survey)
The principles of sample survey and the steps involved in selecting a sample.

Simple Random Sampling. Stratified Sampling. Systematic Sampling.

Contents:

UNIT I

Concept of population and sample, complete enumeration versus sampling, sampling and
non-sampling errors. Types of sampling: non-probability and probability sampling, basic
principle of sample survey, simple random sampling with and without replacement, definition
and procedure of selecting a sample, estimates of: population mean, total and proportion,
variances of these estimates, estimates of their variances and sample size determination.

UNIT II

Stratified random sampling: Technique, estimates of population mean and total, variances of
these estimates, proportional and optimum allocations and their comparison with SRS.
Estimation of gain in precision.

UNIT III

Systematic Sampling: Technique, estimates of population mean and total, variances of these
estimates (N=nxk) and its efficiency. Comparison of systematic sampling with SRS and
stratified sampling in the presence of linear trend and corrections. Cluster sampling (equal
clusters only) estimation of population mean and its variance

UNIT IV

Role of Ministry of Statistics & Program Implementation (MOSPI), Central Statistical Office
(CSO), National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), and National Statistical Commission.
Systematic Sampling.
SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Cochran W.G. (1984): Sampling Techniques( 3rd Ed.), Wiley Eastern.

2. Sukhatme,P.V., Sukhatme, B.V. Sukhatme,S. Asok,C.(1984). Sampling Theories of Survey

With Application, IOWA State University Press and Indian Society of Agricultural Statistics

3. Murthy M.N. (1977): Sampling Theory & Statistical Methods, Statistical Pub. Society,
Calcutta.

4. Des Raj and Chandhok, P. (1998): Sample Survey Theory, Narosa Publishing House.

5. Goon A.M., Gupta M.K. and Dasgupta, B. (2001): Fundamentals of Statistics (Vol.2),
World Press.

6. Guide to current Indian Official Statistics, Central Statistical Office, GOI, New Delhi.

7. http://mospi.nic.in/

PRACTICAL/ LAB. WORK:

List of Practical

1. To select a SRS with and without replacement.

2. For a population of size 5, estimate population mean, population mean square and
population variance. Enumerate all possible samples of size 2 by WR and WOR and establish
all properties relative to SRS.

3. For SRSWOR, estimate mean, standard error, the sample size

4. Stratified Sampling: allocation of sample to strata by proportional and Neyman’s methods

Compare the efficiencies of above two methods relative to SRS

6. Comparison of systematic sampling with stratified sampling and SRS in the presence of a
linear trend.