INTER/INTRA INSTITUTIONAL INTERNSHIP
(INT410)
IOT BASED REAL-TIME HEARTBEAT AND
TEMPERATURE SENSOR AND MONITORING
SYSTEM
CCPS & IOT Skill Lab (2025)
Submitted by:
Manasa G - (1MS24EC
Nandita M Oralli - (1MS24MD024)
Sanjana Nayak - (1MS24MD
Vivikta A - (1MS24MD
RAMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(Autonomous Institute, Afficated to VTU)
Accredited by National Board of Accreditation & NAAC with 'A+'
MSR Nagar, MRIT Post, Bangalore – 560054
TABLE OF CONTENTS
……………………………………………………………………………………………
CHAPTER 1 : Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Problem statement
CHAPTER 2 : Technical solutions
2.1 Methodology
2.2 Block Diagram
CHAPTER 3 : Implementation Details
3.1 Components Used and Circuit Diagram
3.2 Results and Discussion
CHAPTER 4 : Future Works
CHAPTER 5 : References
[Link]
Imagine a world where a person’s heartbeat and
body temperature can be monitored instantly from
anywhere — whether they are at home, on the move,
or in a hospital bed. With IoT technology, this is no
longer just an idea but an achievable reality. Real-time
health monitoring systems have revolutionized the way
vital signs are tracked, allowing continuous
observation without the need for constant manual
checks or hospital visits. Among the most important
health parameters, heartbeat and body temperature
serve as primary indicators of a person’s physiological
condition. Sudden changes in these readings can
signal the onset of illnesses such as fever, infections,
or cardiovascular problems, making early detection
essential for timely medical intervention.
The Real-Time Heartbeat and Body Temperature
Monitoring System is designed to measure these
parameters accurately and transmit the data instantly
to a remote server using IoT connectivity. A heartbeat
sensor detects the pulse rate in beats per minute
(BPM), while a temperature sensor Fahrenheit. The
collected data is processed by a microcontroller, such
as an Arduino or ESP32, and sent wirelessly to a cloud-
based platform. This platform stores, displays, and
analyzes the data, enabling healthcare professionals or
caregivers to monitor the patient’s condition from any
location, in real time.
[Link]
The Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed
healthcare by enabling real-time monitoring of vital
signs without the constant presence of healthcare
professionals. Among the most critical health
parameters are heartbeat and body temperature,
which are primary indicators of a person’s physical
condition. Early detection of abnormal variations in
these parameters can prevent serious health issues,
such as cardiac arrest, stroke, or infections.
Traditional monitoring systems require manual
intervention or hospital visits, which can be time-
consuming and impractical for continuous observation.
IoT-based health monitoring systems overcome these
challenges by integrating smart sensors,
microcontrollers, and wireless communication
technologies. Such systems can measure heartbeat
and body temperature in real time and transmit the
data to cloud platforms, mobile applications, or
hospital databases for analysis.
This approach is particularly beneficial for remote
areas, elderly patients, post-operative care, and
situations requiring continuous surveillance. The
availability of real-time data enables timely medical
response, improves patient safety, and supports
preventive healthcare.
[Link] Statement
In many healthcare setups, there is a lack of
continuous, automated monitoring of vital parameters,
especially outside hospital environments. Patients with
chronic illnesses or those recovering at home are often
monitored only during periodic check-ups, which
increases the risk of delayed medical attention.
The absence of an affordable, easy-to-use, and
portable system for continuous monitoring can result
in undetected emergencies. Therefore, there is a need
for a low-cost, IoT-enabled system that can:
Measure heartbeat and body temperature
continuously.
Provide real-time alerts if parameters exceed safe
limits.
Transmit data wirelessly for remote access by doctors
or caregivers.
In essence, the IoT-based Real-Time Heartbeat
and Body Temperature Monitoring System combines
the precision of sensor technology, the efficiency of
microcontroller processing, and the accessibility of
cloud computing. It offers a scalable, cost-effective,
and reliable solution for modern healthcare, bridging
the gap between patients and medical professionals,
and shaping the future of connected health.
[Link] SOLUTIONS
2.1 Methodology
The proposed IoT-based health monitoring system
follows these key steps:
1. Data Acquisition – A heartbeat sensor (such as a
pulse sensor or photoplethysmography sensor) detects
the pulse rate in beats per minute (BPM), while a
temperature sensor (e.g., LM35 or DS18B20)
measures the body temperature in Celsius/Fahrenheit.
2. Data Processing – A microcontroller (such as
Arduino, ESP8266, or ESP32) processes the raw
sensor signals, filters noise, and formats the readings.
3. Wireless Communication – Using Wi-Fi or Bluetooth,
the processed data is transmitted to a cloud server or
mobile application.
4. Data Storage & Visualization – Cloud platforms like
ThingSpeak, Blynk, or Firebase store the data and
present it in graphical form for easy analysis.
2.2 Block Diagram
Block Diagram Description:
Sensors: Heartbeat sensor + Temperature sensor
(input devices).
Microcontroller: Processes sensor signals and
manages communication.
Wi-Fi Module: Transmits data to cloud services.
Cloud Platform / App: Stores and visualizes data for
remote access.
Alert System: Sends warnings via notifications when
parameters cross thresholds.
[Link] DETAILS
3.1 Components Used and Circuit Diagram
Hardware Components:
Heartbeat Sensor (e.g., Pulse Sensor, MAX30100, or
MAX30102) – Measures BPM.
Temperature Sensor (LM35 or DS18B20) – Measures
body temperature.
Microcontroller (Arduino Uno / ESP8266 / ESP32) –
Processes signals and controls communication.
Wi-Fi Module (if not built into the microcontroller) –
Enables IoT connectivity.
Jumper Wires & Breadboard – For prototyping.
Power Supply – USB or battery pack.
Software Components:
Arduino IDE for coding.
IoT platform (ThingSpeak, Blynk, or Firebase) for
data visualization.
Mobile application or web dashboard for
monitoring.
CIRCUIT:-
3.2 Results and Discussion
The implemented system successfully measured and
transmitted real-time heartbeat and temperature data
to the cloud. Test results demonstrated that:
Heartbeat readings were accurate within ±2 BPM.
Temperature readings matched a clinical
thermometer within ±0.2°C.
Real-time graphs on the IoT dashboard updated
every 2–5 seconds.
Alert notifications were triggered instantly when
parameters exceeded the defined thresholds (e.g.,
BPM < 60 or > 100, temperature > 38°C).
This demonstrates the system’s suitability for remote
patient monitoring. However, further improvements,
such as wearable integration and battery optimization,
could enhance usability.
[Link] Works
Future improvements for this system may include:
Wearable Design: Converting the setup into a
wristband or patch for better comfort and
portability.
Battery Optimization: Using low-power
microcontrollers and sleep modes for longer
battery life.
AI Integration: Adding machine learning models to
predict potential health risks based on historical
data trends.
Multi-Parameter Monitoring: Adding oxygen
saturation (SpO₂), blood pressure, or ECG
monitoring.
Secure Data Encryption: Ensuring patient data
privacy through end-to-end encryption.
5. References
1. A. Albahri et al., “IoT-based health monitoring
systems: A review of current trends and future
directions,” Journal of Network and Computer
Applications, 2021.
2. Datasheet – LM35 Precision Centigrade
Temperature Sensor.
3. Datasheet – MAX30100 Pulse Oximeter and Heart-
Rate Sensor.
4. Arduino Documentation – [Link]
[Link] IoT Platform- [Link]
