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Lattice Energy in Rock Salt Structure

The document discusses the calculation of lattice energy (UL) for the face-centered cubic structure of rock salt (NaCl). It explains the electrostatic interactions surrounding a Na+ ion and introduces the Madelung Constant, which is essential for determining lattice energy in ionic compounds with similar structures. The document also presents trends in melting points for Group I chlorides and Group II oxides, highlighting the relationship between lattice energy, charge, and radius.

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36 views3 pages

Lattice Energy in Rock Salt Structure

The document discusses the calculation of lattice energy (UL) for the face-centered cubic structure of rock salt (NaCl). It explains the electrostatic interactions surrounding a Na+ ion and introduces the Madelung Constant, which is essential for determining lattice energy in ionic compounds with similar structures. The document also presents trends in melting points for Group I chlorides and Group II oxides, highlighting the relationship between lattice energy, charge, and radius.

Uploaded by

Damo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Inorganic Chem 102/116 Mark Ogden

Calculation of UL :

Face centred cubic structure of rock salt (NaCl)

Consider any one Na+ – surrounding it are:


I. 6 Cl– at distance r
+
II. 12 Na at distance r
III. 8 Cl– at distance r
IV. 6 Na+ at distance r
V. 24 Cl– at distance r

Therefore we can build up an electrostatic picture around the


Na+ ion, as follows:

Electrostatic energy between two charged ions =

Chem 102/116 Lecture 4.1


Inorganic Chem 102/116 Mark Ogden

 N gives the lattice energy for one mole of crystal

 UL  Charge2  Constant
Radius

The constant is for the precise geometry of sodium chloride,


and is called the Madelung Constant (1.748)

(ie the Madelung constant depends on the crystal type and not
on the actual lattice dimensions)

 All solids with the rock salt structure can be compared

 UL  Charge2
Radius

Given that  UL  Charge2

Chem 102/116 Lecture 4.2


Inorganic Chem 102/116 Mark Ogden

Radius

what trends do we expect to see in properties of ionic


compounds with the same structural type?

eg. melting points of Group I chlorides and Group II oxides

NaCl 801 MgO 2800


KCl 768 CaO 2580
RbCl 715 SrO 2430
BaO 1923

UL  1/r UL  Z2

since all these compounds crystallise in the rock salt structure.

Chem 102/116 Lecture 4.3

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