U5 Eat your heart out

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Vocabulary
food
1 Work in pairs. Look at the photos of daily diets from around the world
and discuss the questions.
1 Which diet looks the most appealing?
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2 Which diet looks the most similar to your own?
3 What can we tell about the countries by looking at these people’s diets?

2 Find out as much as you can about your partner’s diet. Does your partner
1 snack between meals?
2 eat fast food regularly?
3 drink a lot of tea and coffee?
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4 eat plenty of fresh fruit?
5 prefer to eat organic food?
6 avoid certain foods?
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3 Complete the phrases with the words in the box.

balanced fat free low vegetarian vitamins

1 a high-.............. diet
2 a strict .............. diet
3 a diet rich in ..............
4 a well-.............. diet
5 a ..............-salt diet
6 a dairy-.............. diet

4 Use the phrases in Activities 2 and 3 to describe the diet most people
have where you live. How healthy is it? Which phrases would you use
to describe the diet you should have?
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 GRAMMAR FOCUS 5

Expressions of quantity
GRAMMAR REFERENCE p.149
5 How healthy do you think a Japanese sumo wrestler’s diet is compared to
other athletes?

6 Choose the correct option(s) in italics. Sometimes both options are possible.
1 Japanese sumo wrestlers consume an enormous amount of/a great deal of calories – ten
times more than the recommended daily intake for an average man.
2 Sumo wrestlers eat very few/very little eggs.
3 Sumo wrestlers drink a great deal of/an enormous amount of beer.
4 A sumo wrestler’s diet only contains a little/a few salt.
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7 Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
1 Which of the expressions in the box can be used instead of the expressions of quantity
in italics in Activity 6?
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a bit of a lot of hardly any

2 Which expressions of quantity in Activity 6 and in the box above can be used with
countable/uncountable nouns? Copy the table and complete it. Some can be used
with both.
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Countable Uncountable

8 Turn to page 149 for more practice with countable and uncountable nouns.

9 What is the difference in meaning between these examples?

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LANGUAGE TIP
1 A The shop sells a few cakes.
Don’t get confused
B The shop sells very few cakes.
between a few and few.
2 A There’s a little cheese left.
The party was OK; there
were a few people I knew B There’s very little cheese left.
there. (a few = some)
The party wasn’t a 10 Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions based on the sentences in Activity 9.
success; few people
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turned up. (few = hardly
any). N.B. hardly any is
Subject/Verb agreement
more natural in spoken GRAMMAR REFERENCE p.149
English.
11 Work in pairs. Choose the correct option in italics and explain your choices.
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1 Not many people like/likes raw fish.
2 Two thousand five hundred calories per day is/are enough for the average man.
3 Everyone need/needs to eat a balanced diet.
4 Eating a lot of fresh vegetables and cheese is/are good for you.
5 There is/are a lot of advice on the internet about eating a healthy diet.
6 Most of my family eat/eats meat but I’m a vegetarian.

12 Complete these sentences about eating habits so that they are true for you.
Then compare with a partner.
1 Most of my family … 3 One of my friends …
2 Both of my parents … 4 No one in my house …

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5 USE OF ENGLISH FOCUS

Open cloze (Part 2)

EXAM FOCUS p.186
1 Work in pairs and discuss how far these
statements are true for you.

FOOD
1 I can’t stand the taste of chilli. It’s too hot.
2 I love food which has lots of spices and
different flavours.
3 I am addicted to caffeine – I drink at least four
cups of coffee a day.

2 Read the text opposite quickly and choose the

correct words in italics.
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1 The writer likes/doesn’t like chilli.
2 Chilli can be/isn’t very addictive.

3 Look at the gaps in the text. In which four gaps

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should you put an expression of quantity? Give
reasons for your answers.

EXAM TIP
tS
In Part 2 you need to use a variety of grammatical
forms, such as pronouns (he, them), prepositions (at,
about), articles (a, the), auxiliaries (do, are), linking
words (although, next), comparisons (than, as) and
quantifiers (any, many).
Why do people
love chilli?
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4 Now think of the word which best fits each
gap. Use one word in each gap. There is an
example at the beginning.

P
Look at the expressions of quantity from the
text. What other ways are there to say the eople don’t wash their eyes in lemon juice or
same thing? pour boiling hot tea over themselves, so why
are we prepared to go through so (0) much
1 very few people
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pain for the sake of chilli?
2 does not seem to have any addictive qualities
Chilli is not the only strange thing that people
3 a large quantity of seem to enjoy. For example, very (1) ..............
4 lots of our favourite dishes people like the bitter taste of coffee to begin
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with but soon most of us (2) .............. used to it.
6 Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
But coffee contains caffeine, which has some
1 What do children generally dislike eating? addictive qualities, and this explains (3) ..............
2 What foods did you hate at first, but enjoy now? it is so popular. But capsaicin, the ingredient
3 Is there any food that you refuse to eat? Why? which makes chillies hot, does not seem to
have (4) .............. addictive qualities whatsoever.
(5) .............. we consumed a large quantity of it,
it would kill us. And yet chillies have (6) ..............
used in cooking in almost (7) .............. culture for
thousands of years. Today, a third of the world’s
population eat chilli at least once a day. Lots of
our favourite dishes just wouldn’t taste right
(8) .............. it.

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 LISTENING FOCUS 5

Sentence completion 4 15 You will hear a food writer called Sarah

(Part 2) Willis talking about the history of cooking.
Follow the steps in Activity 2 for
EXAM FOCUS p.188 each answer, then listen and complete
1 Do most people still cook traditional dishes in the sentences.
your country? What new foods have become
popular recently? EXAM TIP
You may hear more than one number/noun/
2 Look at question 1 in the text below. What adjective/verb that will fit grammatically. But only
kind of information do you think is missing? one of these will fit the meaning.
Give reasons for your answers.
A a meal
5 Read through your answers to check they
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B a type of food
make sense grammatically.
C an animal

3 Underline the key words in the text below

6 Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
Give reasons for your answers.
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and make sure you understand what each
sentence means. 1 How much raw food do you eat?
2 Do you think people should eat less meat?
3 What would you like to eat more or less of?
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The importance of cooking
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Sarah says about 60 percent of a chimpanzee’s diet
consists of a mixture of (1) .............. .
There is no (2) .............. in a large percentage of the plants
that chimpanzees eat.
The size of the human (3) .............. makes it difficult for
people to eat large quantities of plants.
Before they discovered cooking, it could take a minimum
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of (4) .............. for people to eat their food.
One benefit of cooking was that (5) .............. could be kept
until the following day.
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Some scientists think cooking resulted in an increase in
the size of the (6) .............. .
The idea of sharing a (7) .............. with the whole family
probably started when people began to cook.
The risk from (8) .............. meant that female cooks needed
protection.
New evidence from Africa shows that (9) .............. could
have been used earlier than scientists previously thought.
During the last ice age the extra (10) .............. provided by
cooked food helped people to survive.

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5 READING FOCUS

Multiple choice (Part 5) 5 What point is made in the fifth paragraph?

A Most of our food has been altered in some way.
EXAM FOCUS p.187
B Food production needs to get more efficient.
1 Discuss the questions and give reasons for C People are reluctant to eat food products they consider
your answers. unnatural.
1 If you lived on your own, would you bother cooking? D Plants which are easy to grow will soon replace
more popular vegetables.
2 Would you ever replace a meal with an energy drink
or smoothie? 6 In the final paragraph, the writer expresses
A doubt that Soylent is only suitable for one group
2 Read the article quickly to find out three pieces of people.
of information about a food product called B hope that Soylent may be a solution to a
Soylent. Then compare with a partner. serious problem.
C surprise about the predicted demand for
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EXAM TIP Soylent products.
Remember, when you are looking for the answers in D disagreement that products like Soylent are a risk
this part, the questions will follow the order of the text. to family life.
Always check your answers very carefully.
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4 Work in pairs. Check your answers by matching key
3 For questions 1–6, choose the answer words in the options to what is stated in the text.
(A, B, C or D) which you think fits best
according to the text.
5 Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
tS
1 Would you consider trying Soylent? What do you think
1 Why did Rob Rhinehart initially create Soylent?
are its advantages and disadvantages?
A He saw it as a way of earning money to support
2 What would you give up if you wanted to save money?
his new company.
A buying snacks D your phone
B He felt that cooking was taking up too much of
his time. B going out E your car
C He wanted to live on a diet of nutritious food. C buying presents F something else?
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D He thought that he would be able to live 6 Match the underlined phrases in the article to their
more cheaply.
meanings 1–6.
2 Following the interest in his blog, Rhinehart
1 refuse to accept
A couldn’t keep up with the demand for Soylent.
2 remove the need for
B had to choose which of his businesses to close.
3 discover by accident
C improved the recipe for Soylent.
4 no longer possible to continue
D started producing big quantities of Soylent.
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5 be limited to
3 The writer was surprised by the public reaction to
Soylent because 6 spread quickly on the internet
A liquid food has always been associated with 7 Work in pairs and decide whether both or only
ill health. one of the verbs in italics collocates with the noun.
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B people were already familiar with the idea of Then check the meaning in a dictionary.
liquid meal replacements.
1 Their crop of soya beans has doubled/expanded in size.
C there are lots of similar products available.
2 The business expanded/grew rapidly.
D astronauts stopped using liquid food a long
time ago. 3 They raised/grew a huge family on very little money.

4 What does Rhinehart say about people’s eating 4 No one raised/introduced any objections to the plan.
habits in the future? 5 The company had to raise/increase production to meet
A They will feel less hungry at meal times. demand for the product.

B They will prefer eating liquid food. 8 Use the verbs in Activity 7 to talk about changes
C They will only cook when they feel like it. in your town/city, your workload and the cost
D They will appreciate eating out more than of transport.
people do now.

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 5

COOK I NG 53

T H E DE AT H
OF COOK I NG?
R
ob Rhinehart’s idea for
Soylent (the name is a hybrid
of soybeans and lentils) dates
back to when he was living on his own
in San Francisco and struggling to
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build a wireless networking business.
Desperate to preserve his rapidly
declining funds, he identified food
as one of his biggest costs and hit
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upon a novel way to economise. After
researching the essential nutrients
required for maintaining human
health, he ordered the ingredients
from the internet and blended them
tS
together to make a liquid concoction
that would do away with the bother
of cooking.
In a blog post entitled How I
Stopped Eating Food, he wrote about astronauts survived on packets of beetroot, plants which are known to
how the idea of food was outdated. powdered dried food, which had to be beneficial for health. Despite this,
The posting went viral and, when his be dissolved in hot water. These days, Rhinehart’s product has drawn plenty
original wi-fi business finally reached liquid meal replacements are no longer of criticism from nutritionists, who
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the end of the line, Rhinehart decided considered rocket science but what say something is lost when giving
to put all his energies into making is new is the suggestion that these up eating food in its natural state.
Soylent a success. He raised money products should become a normal part Soylent’s creator is having none of it.
by getting small sums from hundreds of our everyday diet. He argues that humans have always
of online investors. This enabled him Rhinehart is convinced that we will interfered with nature and that all
to start producing Soylent on a large start to abandon three meals a day of the crops that we produce have
scale. Last year the company was and instead rely on meal replacement gradually been modified and adapted
said to be valued at $100m. Now, the drinks which meet our dietary for human consumption over time.
ready-to-drink version – Soylent 2.0 – requirements. ‘We don’t work on farms, Another objection to Rhinehart’s
pl
is packaged in attractive white bottles we don’t work on assembly lines and I theory about the future of food is that
and shipped across the USA and don’t think we should eat like we do. its appeal may be confined to single
Canada and to other markets. More I think people will switch to eating young people. The idea of families
than 25m servings have been shipped when hungry rather than eating on a sitting around drinking from their
since May 2014. schedule.’ He stresses this does not individual Soylent bottles seems quite
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The public reaction which greeted mean the end of cooking or eating for chilling as it reduces the traditional
Soylent was a little surprising, given pleasure; people will only cook when shared meal to a cold functional
that the idea of liquid food is nothing they have time or are in the mood, and experience. But there are others who
new. In hospitals it has been used for will continue to enjoy socialising with argue that meal replacement drinks
decades to feed patients that are too friends in restaurants. like Soylent could be used in the battle
weak to digest solid food. Liquid meal One of the ingredients for Soylent against childhood obesity. According
replacements are also a regular feature is oil from seaweed, which Rhinehart to Rhinehart, children love Soylent
of the diet industry and have been considers a wonder plant because and he is considering bringing out
sold to people hoping to lose weight it is both extremely nutritious and flavoured versions which would
as a miraculous way of both satisfying fast-growing. He believes that one appeal to them. Perhaps an unintended
hunger and minimising calorie intake. day we will all cultivate seaweed or benefit of products like Soylent is that
The concept of liquid food first caught other forms of algae in our gardens. they could, with any luck, be a way to
the public imagination following the The main ingredients for Soylent control our ever-increasing addiction
early expeditions into space when are extracts from soya, lentils and to salt and sugar.

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5 GRAMMAR FOCUS

Passive forms 4 Work in pairs. Think of popular celebrations in your

GRAMMAR REFERENCE p.150 country. What food is typically eaten and how is it
made? Try to use passive forms.
1 Read the sentences about celebrations. Decide
whether it is better to use the active (sentence
A) or passive (sentence B) form of the verb and
Passive reporting verbs
say why. 5 Look at sentences A, B and C. Which sentence(s)
1 A At weddings in Italy, they often give sugared avoid(s) saying who believes? What is the
almonds to guests. difference in form?
B At weddings in Italy, sugared almonds are often A Thai people believe that monkeys bring wealth.
given to guests.
B Monkeys are believed to bring wealth.
2 A Some people hate surprise parties that people
give them on their birthdays. C It is believed that monkeys bring wealth.
B Some people hate being given surprise parties
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on their birthdays. LANGUAGE TIP
3 A We must make a decision soon about which We can report opinions and beliefs with verbs such as
restaurant we should book for mum and dad’s think or believe.
wedding anniversary.
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• it + passive reporting verb + that clause
B A decision must be made soon about which
restaurant we should book for mum and dad’s • subject + passive reporting verb + present/perfect
wedding anniversary. infinitive
4 A We will provide flowers on all the tables at the
wedding reception. 6 Complete the second sentence so that it has a
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B Flowers will be provided on all the tables at the similar meaning to the first sentence, using the
wedding reception. word given.
5 A I was really thrilled when my sister asked me to 1 People expect tourists to carry sticks to protect
give a speech at her wedding. themselves from curious monkeys.
B I was really thrilled to be asked by my sister to
give a speech at her wedding. ARE
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Tourists .............................................................................. sticks to
2 Read the text about a celebration. What is protect themselves from curious monkeys.
unusual about it? 2 Most people think monkeys are a huge tourist attraction.
BE
At the end of November an annual feast
(1) ............................. in Lopburi, Thailand. An enormous Monkeys .............................................................................. a huge
amount of fruit and vegetables (2) ............................. by tourist attraction by most people.
local people. Chefs (3) ............................. to prepare a 3 Newspapers claim that twenty top chefs have been invited
wonderful meal. Not so unusual, perhaps, except that to prepare the meal.
pl
the 3,000 guests are all monkeys! Monkeys BY
(4) ............................. everywhere in this jungle town and It .......................................................................... newspapers that
monkeys (5) ............................. to bring wealth, in the form twenty top chefs have been invited to prepare the meal.
of tourism. The feast (6) ............................. in 1989 by a
4 The tourist office has estimated that over 10,000 visitors
local businessman as a way of saying thank you to them.
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watch the feast.
BEEN
3 Complete the text with the verb phrases in It .......................................................................... that over 10,000
the box. visitors watch the feast.

are believed can be seen have been invited 5 Everyone says monkeys can be very aggressive around food.
was started will be donated will be taking place TO
Monkeys .......................................................................... be very
aggressive around food.
LANGUAGE TIP
7 Work in pairs. Discuss stories which have been
• We use the passive form when we don’t know/it
reported recently online or on TV.
doesn’t matter/it’s obvious who does the action.
• Use a form of to be + past participle. Example: The prime minister/president is said to be …
A new film about … has been made recently.

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 SPEAKING FOCUS 5

A B

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Long turn (Part 2) 2 Underline the linking expressions in Activity 1
comparing and giving a reaction which are used to compare and contrast.
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EXAM FOCUS p.190
3 Work in pairs. Match the sentences 1–6 to the
Both these photos show people eating out in types of restaurant in the photos, A and B.
restaurants. Compare the photos and say why the 1 You don’t have to dress up.
people might choose to eat in places like these. 2 You can’t hear yourself speak.
3 It’s overpriced.
EXAM TIP 4 They’re good for special occasions.
pl
Listen carefully to the question and make sure you 5 The atmosphere is more casual.
answer it. There are usually two parts to the question. 6 The food’s a bit basic.

1 Look at the photos and the exam task, and tick 4 16 Listen to Danuta doing the task and
the statements you agree with. Can you think answer the questions.
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of any other points of comparison between 1 What differences does she mention between
the photos? the photos?
1 Although the food in an expensive restaurant may 2 How does she respond to the second part of
be wonderful, the atmosphere isn’t as friendly as in the question?
fast-food restaurants.
5 Look at the audio script on page 211. What
2 In expensive restaurants you often have to have full adjectives does Danuta use?
meals, whereas you can usually just get a snack in
fast-food places.
6 Work in pairs. Turn to page 134 and complete
3 While fast-food restaurants are quick and cheap, Task 1. Then turn to page 136 and swap roles
they usually serve unhealthy junk food. for Task 2.
4 Both formal and fast-food restaurants are popular
with young people.

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5 WRITING FOCUS

Describing a personal
experience
1 Read the restaurant Franco’s
review and tick Franco’s on Canal Street is said to be the best pizza restaurant
in the city but I’d always avoided going there because of their
the things that
no-bookings policy; there’s nothing I hate more than having
are mentioned. to queue for ages. But last week a friend insisted on taking
• staff me there and although we did have to wait about 20 minutes
for a table, it was definitely worth it.
• writer’s expectations
There are only six pizzas on the menu, which may disappoint
• location some who expect to have a wider selection on offer, but for
• décor me it’s the quality of the ingredients that counts – not the
size of the menu. The pizzas here actually taste authentically
• other diners
Neapolitan, which isn’t that surprising given that the owner
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• experience is from Naples and had the wood-fired pizza oven specially
• prices designed there.
• food The service was very efficient – but not too efficient. We
didn’t get the impression that the waiters were under
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2 Work in pairs and discuss the questions. pressure to serve us quickly so that they could squeeze in
more customers. In fact, they couldn’t have been friendlier
1 Would you go to Franco’s after reading this review? or more helpful.
2 Do you prefer to read restaurant reviews or to get The only downside was that it was extremely hot as we
personal recommendations from friends before were given a table quite close to the pizza oven. But on the
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going to a new restaurant? whole, it was a first-rate experience – so much better than
3 How good do you think the restaurants are where going to one of the characterless pizza chains. I’d strongly
recommend going to Franco’s. It’s a great place for a top-
you live? Which ones would you recommend to a
quality, affordable meal out with friends.
visitor to your town/city?
4 Have you ever been disappointed or pleasantly
surprised by a meal in a restaurant?
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3 In which paragraph(s) does the writer
Review (Part 2)
A give details about the food?
WRITING REFERENCE p.172
B say who she recommends the restaurant for? 6 Read the exam task and write a review, using
C describe her experience? some of the ideas and language from the review
D express negative points? of Franco’s. You should write 140–190 words.

You see this advertisement in the local paper.

LANGUAGE TIP
pl
Recommend can be followed by -ing or a clause.
I would strongly recommend booking/that you WANTED: RESTAURANT CRITICS!
book in advance. Have you tried a new restaurant in your area recently? We’d
like to know your opinion, not only of the food but also the
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staff, the atmosphere and the prices. Tell us whether you
4 Copy the table and complete it with words/
would recommend the restaurant to other people.
phrases from the review.
The best review will be published in next week’s paper.
food staff experience
best pizza in
Write your review.
the city, …

5 Underline examples in the text where the EXAM TIP

writer uses
You should include both positive and negative
A adverbs for emphasis. comments but don’t forget to state your overall opinion.
B the passive.
C expressions for giving opinions.

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 REVIEW

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1 Choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) to complete 3 Choose the correct word in italics to
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the sentences. complete the sentences.
1 He snacks a lot .............. meals. 1 A high percentage of people is/are allergic
A besides B on C between D from to nuts.
2 It’s important to eat a diet .............. in vitamins. 2 Both coffee and tea contain/contains a lot
A rich B high C full D plenty of caffeine.
3 People would be healthier if they ate less .............. food. 3 Only one of my brothers is/are a good cook.
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A fast B quick C hurried D speedy 4 Neither of my parents eat/eats meat.
4 Never add salt to any dish without .............. it first to see 5 The government has/have introduced new rules
if it’s needed. about food labels.
A tasting B cooking C flavouring D pouring 6 Information on ways to improve your diet is/are
5 Some cultures are known .............. their spicy food. available on the website.
A by B for C about D with 7 The Spanish eat/eats a lot of fish.
6 What .............. are needed to make that dish? 8 Four hundred pounds is/are an awful lot of
pl
A parts B items C ingredients D pieces money to spend on one meal.
7 A lot of children are addicted .............. sugar.
A for B on C to D by 4 Complete the sentences with the correct
8 The price of coffee .............. by more than 20 percent passive form of the verb in brackets.
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last year. 1 Children .......................... (teach) about healthy
A raised B increased C expanded D doubled eating in many schools.
2 This restaurant .......................... (review) in six
2 Complete the sentences with one word.
newspapers recently.
1 We’ve got very .............. cheese left. Can you go to the 3 The onions must .......................... (fry) until they
shops for me? are soft.
2 I don’t eat .............. eggs these days; just two a week. 4 That chef .......................... (say) to be extremely
3 There’s only a tiny .............. of cake left. Who’s eaten it all? talented.
4 She eats .............. any chocolate these days. 5 All the cake .......................... (eat) last night.
5 Eating .............. of fruit is very good for you. 6 Only fifty people .......................... (invite) to their
6 There are only a .............. calories in a strawberry. wedding, which is on Saturday.
7 There’s a great .............. of salt in this dish.
8 We cooked an enormous .............. of food for the party.

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