1.

DESIGN OF ROOF STRUCTURE

The roof system of this project is a truss roof system. The type of sheet
used is EGA sheet and the trusses and purlins are steel. The roof is
classified as hipped roof as per EBCS-2 1995 A.2.6 (page 78).The effect of
wind load in both directions (θ=0˚ & θ=90˚) is taken into account and the
sever case was considered in the design process.
Design in this section includes
 Design of EGA sheet
 Design of purlin
 Design of trusses

1.1. EGA SHEET DESIGN

Height of truss=1.0m
Spacing of truss=2.05m
Spacing of purlin=1.25m in both wings
Inclination of truss=12.11 degree on both wings
Type of EGA selected= EGA-500, t=0.4mm

Fig.1.1 EGA 500

1.1.1. LOADING

1.1.2 Dead load

Wt. of EGA=3.14kg/m
Coating =0.70kg/m
Total load =3.48KN/m
Effective width of EGA=712mm=0.712m
Load on EGA per meter square= (3.84*9.81)/
(1000*0.712)=0.053KN/m2

1.1.3. Live load

As per EBCS-1, 1995, sec 2.6.3.4.2
Distributed load (qk)=0.25KN/m2
Concentrated load (Qk) =1KN
 Fig.1.2 : Main truss

Equivalent distributed load for the concentrated load along effective

width,
P=1.0/0.712=1.404KN/m
Mmax=pL/4=1.404*1.25/4=0.439KN/m

For the distributed load

Mmax=wL2/8=0.25*1.25^2/8=0.049KNm/m

By comparing the two results, the concentrated load governs & there
fore it was adopted for design.

1.1.4. Wind load

As mentioned earlier the roof category is hipped roof. The zoning of the
roof for (θ=0º & θ=90º) as per EBCS-1 1995 are shown on the sketches
below.
Fig.1.3

Fig.1.4

External pressure coefficients

The pitch angle is tan -1 (1/4.66)=12.11º, which is b/n 5º & 15º .There fore
the external pressure coefficients which are the same for θ=0º & for
θ=90º for hipped roof were obtained from EBCS-1 1995 table A.5 page79
by interpolation. See the table below for the coefficients in different zones
for both cases. (θ=0º & for θ=90º).
External pressure coefficients for wind direction Ө=0º & Ө=90º for
Cpe10
zone F G H I J K L M N
α=5º -1.7 0.2 -1.2 0.2 -0.6 0.2 -0.3 0.6 -0.6 0 0.6 0 -1 0 -0.6 0 -0.4 0
α=15º -0.9 0.2 -0.8 0.2 -0.3 0.2 -0.5 0 -1 0 -1.2 0 -1 0 -0.6 0 -0.3 0
α=12.11º -1.13 0.2 -0.92 0.2 -0.39 0.2 -0.44 0 -0.88 0 -0.68 0 -1 0 -0.6 0 -0.33 0

External pressure coefficients for wind direction Ө=0º & Ө=90º

for Cpe1
zone F G H I J K L M N
α=5º -2.5 0.2 -2 0.2 -1.2 0.2 -0.3 0 -0.6 0 0.6 0 -2 0 -1.2 0 -0.4 0
α=15º -2 0.2 -1.5 0.2 -0.3 0.2 -0.5 0 -1.5 0 -2 0 -2 0 -1.2 0 -0.3 0
α=12.11º -2.14 0.2 -1.67 0.2 -0.56 0.2 -0.44 0 -1.24 0 -1.25 0 -2 0 -5.1 0 -0.33 0

Note: Since the areas of some of the zones are b/n 1m 2 & 10 m2, both
CPe1 & CPe10 are determined by interpolation so that the exposure
coefficient CPe can be computed. Also it should be noted that coefficients
for zone N are applied only for θ=90º since there is no N zone for θ=0º for
hipped roof category.

External wind pressure Determination

For the computation of (We) i.e. wind pressure acting on the external
surface, the detail description, values, and location on EBCS-1 1995 of all
the necessary parameters (coefficients) is presented in table form below.

Table 1. external wind pressure calculation

coefficients
Parameters location(EBCS1
& values Description ) Remark
Altitude of Nazareth
is taken to be
ρ=0.97 Air density which is table 3.1 1750m
(kg/m3) a function of altitude page 55
Reference wind
Vref=22m/s velocity page 55
Cdir=1 Direction factor "
Temporary seasonal
Ctem=1 factor "
Calt=1 Altitude factor "
Zmin=16 Minimum height table 3.2 category 4 urban
 area 15% covered
depends with
on terrain category page 58 building
roughness length
Z0=1m depends "
on terrain category "
Terrain factor
KT=0.24 depends "
on terrain category "
since it's flat area
Topography the zone is not
Ct=1 coefficient page 58 affected
by topography
qref=234.7 reference wind mean
4 velocity page 55
(N/m2)
Ce(Ze)=1.6 exposure coefficient
0 depend on
terrain & height
above ground page 60
Ze=h=16.7 reference height
1m appropriate to
relevant pressure page 78
coefficient A.2.6.2
page 57 sec
Cr(Z)=0.68 roughness coefficient 3.8.2
We=0.38Cp wind pressure acting written in terms of
e on Cpe
(KN/m2) external surface page 53

Formulas used

We=qrefCe(Ze)Cpe=234.74*1.6048*Cpe/1000=0.38Cpe(KN/m2)
qref=ρ/2V2ref=.97*.5*22^2=234.74N/m2
Ce(Z)=Cr2(Z)Ct2(Z){1+7KT/Cr(Z)Ct(Z)}=1.60
Cr(Z)=KTln(Z/Z0)=0.24*ln(16.71/1)=0.68

1.1.7. COMPUTATION OF Cpe (EXPOSURE COEFFICIENT) & We (EXTERNAL

WIND PRESSURE)

Computation of these Cpe & We for all zones & both cases (θ=0º & for
θ=90º), based on their respective areas are shown in tabular form below,
Using the following formulas.
CPe=CPe1, when A < 1m2
CPe=CPe10, when A > 10m2
CPe=CPe1+ (CPe10-CPe1)*log A, when 1m2 < A < 10m2.

Table 2. exposure coefficient Cpe & External wind

pressure We

We(KN/
case α zone area Cpe1 Cpe10 cpe m2)
-
F 3.80 -2.14 -1.13 1.55 -0.591
-
G 8.98 -1.67 -0.92 0.96 -0.363
-
H 29.15 -0.56 -0.39 0.39 -0.148
-
I 30.51 -0.44 -0.44 0.44 -0.167
12.11 -
Ө=0º º J 5.35 -1.24 -0.88 0.98 -0.372
-
K 4.50 -1.25 -0.68 0.88 -0.334
-
L 4.48 -2 -1.34 1.57 -0.597
-
M 12.32 -0.51 -0.6 0.60 -0.228
-
F 1.61 -2.14 -1.13 1.93 -0.734
-
G 4.36 -1.67 -0.92 1.19 -0.452
-
H 9.22 -0.56 -0.39 0.40 -0.150
-
I 10.75 -0.44 -0.44 0.44 -0.167
Ө=90 12.11 -
º º J 3.02 -1.24 -0.88 1.07 -0.405
K
-
L 4.35 -2 -1.34 1.58 -0.600
-
M 9.01 -0.51 -0.6 0.60 -0.226
-
N 32.35 -0.329 -0.329 0.33 -0.125

From the above table comparing the values computed, the governing
external wind pressure We=-0.734KN/m2.

1.1.8. INTERNAL WIND PRESSURE

The wind pressure acting on internal surface of a structure can be
obtained from Wi=qref*Ce (Ze)*Cpi. For closed building with internal
partition and opening windows. The extreme values of internal pressure
coefficient as per EBCS-1 1995 section 3.5.3 are 0.8 & -0.5. By comparing
both values, 0.8 was found to be the governing value and employed for
the computation. Therefore, Wi=0.38*0.8=0.304KN/m2
From the external and internal wind loads, the net wind load is calculated
as Wnet=We-Wi=-0.734-0.304=-1.038KN/m2

Components of live load & dead load

2. Perpendicular to the EGA sheet for α=12.11º
DL (Gk) =Gk cos α= 0.053*cos 12.11=0.052KN/m2
LL (Qk) =Qk cosα=1.404cos12.11=1.373KN/m
2. parallel to the EGA sheet
DL (Gk) =Gk sin α= 0.053*cos 12.11=0.011KN/m2
LL (Qk) =Qk sin α=1.404cos12.11=0.295KN/m

1.1.10. Load combination

As per EBCS-1 1995 section 1.9.4.3 table 1.2 safety factors for favorable
and unfavorable conditions are,
‫ץ‬G=0.90 for favorable condition for permanent load.
‫ץ‬G=1.30 for unfavorable “ “ “ “.
‫ץ‬q=1.60 for live and wind loads.

1.1.11. Case-1 unfavorable permanent and live load

Pd=1.3Gk+1.6Qk=1.30(0.052)+1.60(1.373)=0.0676KN/m2+2.197KN/m,
multiplying both by effective width of EGA sheet =0.712m,
Pd=0.0676*.712KN/m2+2.197*.712KN/m
Pd=0.0481KN/m+1.564KN
Mmax=WL2/8+PL/4=0.0481 (1.25^2)/8 + 1.564(1.25)/4=0.498KNm

1.1.12. Case-2 favorable load condition

Pd=0.90Gk+1.60Qk=0.90(0.052+1.60(-1.038), Qk=wind load=-
1.038KN/m2.
Multiplying both by effective width of EGA sheet=0.712m,
Pd=0.90*0.052*0.712 + 1.60*-1.038*0.712
Pd=0.033KN/m–1.182KN/m=-1.149KN/m
Mmax=WL^2/8=1.149*1.25^2/8=0.224KNm
Note that W=Pd.
1.1.13. Capacity of EGA-500
Section property of the EGA-500 is taken from KASI table which is attached
here in the report.
 Section modulus, Sx=3756mm3
 Moment of inertia, Ixx=79972mm4/m
 Allowable stress, бall=160Mpa
 Modulus of Elasticity=210,000Mpa

1.1.14. Checking for capacity of EGA

Actual stress= Mmax/Sx= (0.498KNm/3756*10^-9m3)/1000=132.59Mpa
Actual stress=132.59Mpa < allowable stress=160Mpa, OK!

1.1.15. Checking for deflection of EGA

Allowable deflection, Δall=span/200= 1250/200=6.25mm
Actual deflection, Δact. =5WL^4/384EI + PL^3/48EI
Δact.=5*.0481*1250^4)/(384*210000*79972)+1.564*1250^3/
(48*210000*79972) =.091 + 3.79=3.88mm.
Δact. =3.88mm < Δall=6.25mm, OK!

1.2. DESIGN OF PURLIN

1.2.1. Load on purlin

Weight of EGA=0.053KN/m2. For 1.25m spacing of purlin,
The Weight of EGA on purlin per meter= .053*1.25= 0.066KN/m,
Live load from EGA onto purlin=1.404KN/m

1.2.2. Selection of dimension for purlin

As per KASI table N0 2.2 Jan. 1984, section index RT-64 with the following
section properties was selected for trial design.
Nominal size=60mmх40mm
Wall thickness=3mm
Weight of perlin per linear meter=4.24Kg/m*10m/s^2/1000=0.0424KN/m
Tensile strength of the section=560Mpa, Yield point=420Mpa
Moment of inertia, Ix=253800mm4. Section modulus, Sx=8460mm3
Moment of inertia, Iy=134400mm4, Section modulus, Sy=6720mm3
Fig.1.5 :Cross section of purlin

1.2.3. Total load on purlin

DL=imposed load + self weight of purlin=0.066 + 0.0424=0.108KN/m
Live load from EGA, LL =1.404KN/m
Pd=1.3DL+1.6LL=1.3*0.108 + 1.6*1.404= 2.387KN/m

1.2.4. DESIGN OF PURLIN ON MAIN TRUSS

Decomposing the design load (Pd) into perpendicular and parallel direction
to the purlin for inclination angle α=12.11º,
Pdx= 2.387sin α =0.50KN/m
Pdy= 2.387cosα =2.334KN/m

Maximum moments
Mmax,x=WxL^2/8=.50*2.05^2/8=0.263KNm, Wx=Pdx
Mmax,y=WyL^2/8=2.334*2.5^2/8=1.226KN/m, Wy=Pdy
Maximum shear
Vx=WxL/2=0.5*2.05/2=0.513KN, Wx=Pdx
Vy=WyL/2=2.334*2.05/2=2.392KN, Wy=Pdy

1.2.5. Checking purlin capacity

Moment resistance
As per EBCS-3 1995 section 4.6.1.1 plastic moment resistance of a section
is,
Mpl,RD=1.5*Zpl*fy/‫ץ‬ where, Zpl=1.5Zel, fy=minimum yield point,
‫=ץ‬safety factor=1.1.
Mpl,RD,y=1.5*6720*420/1000*1.1=3.848KNm>Mmax,y=1.226KNM, OK!
Mpl,RD,x=1.5*8460*420/1000*1.1=4.845KNm>Mmax,x=0.263KNm, OK!

Shear resistance
The plastic shear resistance of a section as per EBCS-3 1995, section
4.6.1.2 is, Vpl, RD=Av*(fy/√3)/‫ץ‬, where Av=shear area=A*h/ (b+h), in
which no reduction of resistance moment will be provided if design shear
force Vsd < 50% of the design shear resistance.
Av, y= A*h (b+h) =541*54/ (54+34) =331.98mm2
Av, x=A*b/ (b+h) =541*34/ (34+54) =209.02mm2
Vpl, RD, y=331.98(420/√3)/1.1=73.181KN > Vy=2.392KN, OK!
Vpl, RD, x=209.02(420√3)/ 1.1=46.078KN>Vx=0.513KN, OK!

Deflection requirement
Allowable deflection as per EBCS-3 1995 is, Δall=span of purlin/200
Δall=2050/200=10.25mm,
Actual deflection, Δact. x=5WxL^4/384EI , W=Pd.
Δact. x =5*0.5*2050^4/9384*210000*134400)=4.074mm<10.25mm,
OK!
Actual deflection, Δact. y=5WyL^4/384EI , W=Pd.
Δact. Y=5*2.334*2050^4/ (384*210000*253800) =10.05mm <
10.25mm, OK!
Note: The design of purlins on different typical trusses is shown in the
table as shown below. The total design load on purlin is 2.387KN/m &
spans of the pulins are, 2.05, & 2.33m on the main truss and trusses (1-3)
respectively. i.e. the spacing b/n truss is 2.05m for main truss & 2.33m for
trusses 1, 2, & 3. The spacing b/n purlins is constant (same) in all cases is
equal to 1.25m.It should also be noted that the purlin section (RT-64) and
the truss section (ST-50) were taken in the design of truss.
Formulas used
Mmax, x=WxL^2/8, Wx=Pdx Vx=WxL/2, Wx=Pd
Mmax, y=WyL^2/8, Wy=Pdy Vy=WyL/2,
Wy=Pd Δact. x=5WxL^4/384EI Pdx=Pdsinα
Δact. y=5WyL^4/384EI, Pdy=Pdcosα

Table.3 Acting Maximum moment, shear force and deflection due to

loads on purlin
moment
Angl load components(K shear
e components Nm) components Δactual(mm)
purlin α 0
Pdx(K Pdy(K Mmax Mmax Vx(K Vy(K Δact, Δact,
on N) N) ,x ,y N) N) x y
main 12.1
truss 1 0.5 2.334 0.263 1.226 0.513 2.392 4.074 10.05
15.5
truss1 2 0.639 2.299 0.217 0.78 0.372 1.339 4.34 8.28
13.1
truss2 3 0.542 2.324 0.184 0.788 0.316 1.354 3.68 8.37
truss3 9.64 0.4 2.353 0.136 0.798 0.233 1.37 2.716 8.47

Formulas used:
Mpl,RD,x= 1.5*Zpl,x*fy/‫ץ‬ where, Zpl=1.5Zel, fy=minimum yield point.
Mpl,RD,y=1.5*Zpl,y*fy/‫ץ‬ ‫=ץ‬safety factor=1.1.
Vpl, RD,x=Avx*(fy/√3)/‫ץ‬, where Av=shear area Av, y= A*h (b+h)
Vpl, RD,y=Av,y*(fy/√3)/‫ץ‬, Av, x=A*b/ (b+h)
Δall=span of purlin/200

Table:4 Resistance of the purlin against moment, shear force & deflection
purlin span( Mpl,RD,x(KN Mpl,RD,y(KN Vpl,RD,x(K Vpl,RD,y(KN Δall(m
on m) m) m) N) ) m)
main
truss 2.05 4.845 3.848 46.078 73.181 10.25
truss-1 2.33 4.845 3.848 46.078 73.181 11.65
truss-2 2.33 4.845 3.848 46.078 73.181 11.65
truss-3 2.33 4.845 3.848 46.078 73.181 11.65
From the above two tables (table 3 & 4) it can be seen that the section is
safe against moment, shear and deflection.

1.3. TRUSS DESIGN

1.3.1. MAIN TRUSS

1.3.2. Selection of trial section
A square tube of section index ST-50 from structural steel table of KASI
has been selected for trial design.
1.3.3. Section property
Nominal size 50mmх50mm, Area=541mm2
Ix=Iy=194700mm4, Sx=7790mm3
Wall thickness=3mm, r=19mm
Weight per linear meter=4.25*10/1000=0.0425KN/m
 Fig.1.6 main truss

Total length=2(4.77+0.25+0.51+0.75+1.21+1.37+1.26+1.18)
+1+1.15*6=30.5m
Weight of truss=30.5*0.0425=1.296KN
Number of load carrying joints=16
Load per joint=1.296/16=0.081KN

1.3.4. Load transferred from purlin

1. DL=0.108KN/m*2.05=0.221KN
 On inner joint=0.221KN
 On outer joint=0.1105KN
2. LL=1.404*2.05=2.878KN
 On inner joint=2.8781KN
 On outer joint=1.439KN
3. Wind load WL=-1.038*2.05*1.25=-2.66KN
 On inner joint=-2.66KN
 On outer joint=-1.33KN
1.3.5. Ceiling load
Ceiling material are, chipboard density=8KN/m3, Zigba wood
density=6KN/m3.Load of chip wood per 1.2m*1.2m
area=1.2*1.2*.008*8=0.0921KN
Load of zigba grid per 1.2m*1.2m=6*1.2*0.04*0.05*6=0.0846KN
Total ceiling load=0.0921+0.0846=0.1767/ (1.2m*1.2m)=0.1227KN/m2
Load per lower joints=0.1227*2.05*1.15=0.289KN &
0.1227*2.05*1.21=0.304KN
 Fig.1.7 truss-1(T-1)

Fig.1.8 truss-2 (T-2)

Fig.1.9 truss-3(T-3)
Note: with the same procedures shown above for the main truss, the
inner and outer joint loads and the member forces for trusses 1, 2, & 3
was computed and prepared in table format as shown below.
Load on Upper inner=load per node + inner load
Load on Upper outer=load per node + outer load + ceiling load
Load on lower inner=load per node + inner load due to ceiling
Load on inner and outer joints on main
truss
load case joint joint type load(KN)
B,C,D,E,F,G,H upper inner 0.302
DEAD A,I upper outer 0.496
J,O lower inner 0.37
K,L,M,N,P lower inner 0.385
LIVE B,C,D,E,F,G,H upper inner 2.878
A,I upper outer 1.439
WIND B,C,D,E,F,G,H upper inner -2.66
A,I upper outer -1.33

Load on inner and outer joints on truss-

1
load case joint joint type load(KN)
E,F,G upper inner 0.325
DEAD A,D upper outer 0.371
B,C lower inner 0.245
LIVE E,F,G upper inner 3.271
A,D upper outer 1.636
WIND E,F,G upper inner -3.023
A,D upper outer -1.512

Load on inner and outer joints on truss-

2
load case joint joint type load(KN)
F,G,H,I upper inner 0.318
DEAD A,E upper outer 0.364
B,C,D lower inner 0.238
LIVE F,G,H,I upper inner 3.271
A,E upper outer 1.636
WIND F,G,H,I upper inner -3.023
A,E upper outer -1.512

Load on inner and outer joints truss-3

load case joint joint type load(KN)
K.J,I,H,G upper inner 0.329
DEAD A,F upper outer 0.375
B,C,D,E lower inner 0.249
LIVE K,J,I,H,G upper inner 3.271
A,F upper outer 1.639
WIND K.J,I,H,G upper inner -3.023
A,F upper outer -1.512

1.3.6. MEMBER FORCES

Member forces due to the following loads on the truss are determined
using SAP2000-9 to get the maximum compressive & tensile forces so that
the section capacity could be checked.
 Dead loads
 Live loads
 Wind loads
See the tables below for the SAP2000 output for all typical trusses.

Table.5 Member forces of main

truss
lengt Comb. member
truss h member forces(KN) due to, forces(KN)
memb Dead Live Wind 1.3Gk+1.6 0.9Gk+1.6
er (m) load(Gk) load(Qk) load(WL) Qk WL
AB 1.24 -2.513 -10.599 9.796 -20.225 13.412
BC 1.18 -0.876 -3.74 3.457 -7.123 4.743
CD 1.17 0.761 3.118 -2.882 5.978 -3.926
DE,EF 1.18 2.398 9.977 -9.22 19.081 -12.594
FG 1.17 0.761 3.118 -2.882 5.978 -3.926
GH 1.18 -0.876 -3.74 3.457 -7.123 4.743
HI 1.24 -2.513 -10.599 9.796 -20.225 13.412
BJ 0.25 0.385 0 0 0.501 0.347
CK 0.51 0.728 1.439 -1.33 3.249 -1.473
DL 0.75 1.072 2.878 -2.66 5.998 -3.291
EP 1 -1.308 -7.64 6.53 -13.924 9.271
FM 0.75 1.072 2.878 -2.66 5.998 -3.291
GN 0.51 0.728 1.439 -1.33 3.249 -1.473
HO 0.25 0.385 0 0 0.501 0.347
AJ 1.21 1.201 5.029 -4.648 9.608 -6.356
JK 1.15 1.201 5.029 -4.648 9.608 -6.356
KL 1.15 -0.4 -1.676 -1.549 -3.202 -2.838
LP,PM 1.15 -2.001 -8.382 7.747 -16.013 10.594
MN 1.15 -0.4 -1.676 1.549 -3.202 2.118
NO 1.15 1.201 -5.029 -4.648 -6.485 -6.356
BK 1.18 -1.637 -6.858 6.339 -13.101 8.669
CL 1.26 -1.742 -7.297 6.745 -13.94 9.224
DP,FP 1.37 -1.904 -7.975 7.371 -15.235 10.08
GM 1.26 -1.742 -7.297 6.745 -13.94 9.224
NH 1.18 -1.637 -6.858 6.339 -13.101 8.669
IO 1.21 1.201 -5.029 -4.648 -6.485 -6.356

Member forces of
truss-1
lengt comb. member
truss h member forces(KN) due to, forces(KN)
memb D. L. W. 1.3Gk+1.6 0.9Gk+1.6
er (m) load(Gk) load(Qk) load(WL) Qk WL
AB 1.2 1.134 5.88 -5.44 10.882 -7.683
BC 1.2 2.268 11.776 -10.88 21.79 -15.367
CD 1.2 2.268 11.776 -10.88 21.79 -15.367
DE 1.25 -2.354 -12.221 11.295 -22.614 15.953
EF 1.25 -1.177 -6.111 5.647 -11.308 7.976
FG 1.25 0 0 0 0 0
GA 1 -0.385 -3.271 3.023 -5.734 4.49
AF 1.37 -1.297 -6.735 6.225 -12.462 8.793
FB 0.67 0.56 1.636 -1.512 3.346 -1.915
BE 1.24 -1.177 -6.111 5.647 -11.308 7.976
EC 0.33 0.245 0 0 0.319 0.221

Member forces of
truss-2
lengt comb. member
truss h member forces(KN) due to, forces(KN)
memb D. L. W. 1.3Gk+1.6 0.9Gk+1.6
er (m) load(Gk) load(Qk) load(WL) Qk WL
AB 1.2 2.125 7.945 -5.549 15.475 -6.966
BC 1.2 7.173 15.815 -11.174 34.629 -11.423
CD 1.2 6.085 23.548 -16.94 45.587 -21.628
0.68
DE 8 6.085 23.548 -16.94 45.587 -21.628
0.70
EF 6 -6.245 -24.184 17.397 -46.813 22.215
1.23
FG 2 -4.284 -16.241 11.479 -31.555 14.511
1.23
GH 2 -2.186 -8.158 5.696 -15.895 7.146
 1.23
HI 2 0 0 0 0 0
IA 1 -0.493 -3.366 2.925 -6.027 4.236
AH 1.4 -2.592 -9.7 6.764 -18.89 8.49
HB 0.72 1.417 3.89 -2.403 8.066 -2.57
BG 1.28 -2.266 -8.69 6.199 -16.85 7.879
GC 0.44 0.889 2.01 -1.14 4.372 -1.024
CF 1.21 -1.956 -7.48 5.914 -14.511 7.702
FD 0.16 0.371 1.26 0.136 2.498 0.552

Member forces of
truss-3
lengt comb. member
truss h member forces(KN) due to, forces(KN)
memb D. L. W. 1.3Gk+1.6 0.9Gk+1.6
er (m) load(Gk) load(Qk) load(WL) Qk WL
AB 1.2 1.702 9.633 -8.903 17.625 -12.713
BC 1.2 3.404 19.266 -17.805 35.251 -25.424
CD 1.2 5.1066 28.899 -26.708 52.877 -38.137
DE 1.2 6.8088 38.532 -35.611 70.503 -50.85
EF 1.09 6.8088 39.532 -35.611 72.103 -50.85
FG 1.106 -6.906 -39.084 36.121 -71.512 51.578
GH 1.217 -5.179 -29.313 27.09 -53.634 38.683
HF 1.217 -3.453 -19.541 18.06 -35.755 25.788
IJ 1.217 -1.726 -9.771 9.03 -17.877 12.895
JK 1.217 0 0 0 0 0
KA 1 -0.329 -3.271 3.023 -5.661 4.541
AJ 1.44 -2.057 -11.644 10.762 -21.305 15.368
JB 0.797 1.116 4.9065 -4.534 9.301 -6.25
BI 1.337 -1.91 -10.81 9.991 -19.779 14.267
IC 0.59 0.827 3.271 -3.023 6.309 -4.093
CH 1.26 -1.797 -10.173 9.402 -18.613 13.426
HD 0.389 0.538 1.639 -1.511 3.322 -1.933
DG 1.106 -1.726 -9.771 9.03 -17.877 12.895
GE 0.185 0.249 0 0 0.324 0.224
From the above tables the maximum tensile and compressive forces are
on the members EF & FG on truss-3
 FEF=72.103KN(tensile)
 FFG=-71.512KN(compression)

1.3.7. Section property

For the selected truss type (ST-50), compression member with maximum
length was taken since it governs buckling effect of all the truss members.
The section properties are, d=50-3-3=44mm, t=3mm, r=19mm, L=1.37m
and Assuming both sides hinged, le=1370mm. Where le is effective
buckling length. L=maximum length of member.
Taking steel grade of Fe-360, fY=235Mpa.
The design compressive, tensile, and buckling resistance of the cross
section respectively as per EBCS-3 1995 can be computed as shown
below.
 Ncomp,RD=A.fy/‫ץ‬-for class 1,2, & 3 sections and
 Ncomp,RD=Aeff.fy/‫ץ‬-for class 4 sections
 Npl,Rd=Afy/‫ץ‬
 Nb,Rd=ҳßaAfy/‫ץ‬

1.3.8. Check for resistance of the section

Section classification
d/tw=44/3=14.67, ε=√235/fy=√235/235=1.0, for a rolled section where
whole section is subjected to compression, d/tw shall be less than or equal
to 39ε. Therefore the section is class-1 and ßa = 1.0.
 Npl,Rd=541*235/1.1=174.595KN >72.103KN OK!
 Ncomp,RD=541*235/1.1=174.595KN >72.103KN OK!
For buckling resistance the parameter ҳ was calculated after calculation of
λ by interpolation using relevant buckling curve.
λ= (λ/λ1)*√ ßa, λ=le/r=1370/19=72.10, λ1=93ε=93*1=93, λ=72.10/93=0.775
Taking curve b for t<100mm and b/h<1, 2 and by interpolation x=0.739
Therefore the buckling resistance is
Nb, Rd= (0.739*541*235)/ (1.1*1000) =85.41KN > 72.103KN OK!
From the above results it can be seen that the section is safe against
tension, compression and buckling failures.