Paint Defects

Causes & Remedies

Various paint film defects

• Rundown/Sagging • Pooping
• Pin holes • Mottling
• Orange peel • Peel off
• Cissing
• Blistering
• Cracking
• Crater/Fish eye
 Rundown/Sagging

• What is Rundown:
• Paint runs in downward direction
• Flowing or dripping of paint from upper vertical surface to the
lower part forming a tear-like or wavy appearance
 Rundown/Sagging Cont……
Sr.
Causes Remedies
No.
Ensure proper Viscosity
1 Viscosity too low For Spray: 20-25 Sec
For Brush 50-55 Sec
2 High WFT Maintain WFT
3 Too many layers of paint Intermediate drying time
Ensure sufficient Flash off
4 Flash-off times too short
time
Spray-gun held too close to the Proper gun to substrate
5
object distance
6 Non-uniform spraying pattern Uniform spray pattern
 Pinholes
• What is pin holes:
• This phenomenon is characterized by the appearance of small
holes on the painted surface
 Pinholes Cont….

Sr.
Causes Remedies
No.

1 Excessive film thickness. Proper thickness per coat

Insufficient flash-off between

2 Proper Flash Off time
coats.
3 High spray viscosity for Paint Proper Spray viscosity
Improper rate of solvent Selection of the Solvent must
4
evaporation be done carefully

5 Moisture on the Surface Proper Surface Preparation

 Orange peel
• What is Orange Peel:
• Uneven surface formation - much like that of the skin of an orange
• Paint droplets dry before they can flow and level
 Orange peel
Application works Circumstances

High temperature of car

body
Too fast blowing speed
Thin paint film

Low spray
pressure
High temperature
Insufficient spraying emission
volume
Too fast gun
speed
Too long spray gun distance

Orange peel
Too quick evaporation of
thinner Too big size of spray gun nozzle
(insufficient atomization of the paint)

Too high viscosity of

thinner
Defects of spray pattern
Low liquidity of paint (insufficient cleaning of spray gun)

Materials Facility & Equipment

 Orange peel

Measures
Slow evaporation speed of solvent

Precautions Decrease viscosity of paint.

Maintain liquidity of paint

Remedy Apply water sanding (#800～#1000), and polish up

gradually with compounds (Medium→Fine→Extra fine).
 Blistering
• What are Blisters:
• Small raised pimples appearing in the paint film.
• Small quantity of water vapour is absorbed and evaporated
 Blistering Cont….

Sr.
Causes Remedies
No.
Moisture absorbed by the
1 Allow Substrate to dry
substrate.
Maintain sufficient Flash off
Insufficient substrate drying after
2 between Wet sanding &
wet sanding
Painting.
Condensation due to temperature
3 Avoid the fluctuation
fluctuations.
Contamination of compressed air Clean the Compressed air
4
lines lines

5 High Humidity of Booth Maintain booth Humidity

 Loss of adhesion/Flaking/peel off
• What adhesion failure:
• Loss of adhesion of the coating with underneath coat or substrate.
 Loss of adhesion Cont….

Sr.
Causes Remedies
No.
Non Compatibility of Substrate
1 System compatibility
and Coating
Insufficient substrate Correct methodology for
2
preparation. Surface Preparation
Excessive film thickness of
3 Ensure DFT
basecoat
Intermediate and final flash-off
4 Proper Flash off time
times of the basecoat too short
Ensure complete
5 Poor drying conditions. Drying/curing of all the
coating
 Cracking
• What is Cracking:
• Break or cracks in the paint finish
 Cracking cont…

Sr.
Causes Remedies
No.

1 Excessive film thickness Proper Thickness

Ensure Proper Baking of the

2 Over Baking
film
Insufficient flash times between Allow sufficient flash and
3
coats. drying time between coats.
Insufficient or failure to use a
Add Sufficient Quality of
4 flexible
Plasticizers
additive to the paint.
 Dirt
• What is Dirt
Small, irregular particles in the paint film caused by foreign
matter (e.g. dust/dirt) which can occur in different sizes, shapes,
types and patterns.
 Dirt Cont….

Sr.
Causes Remedies
No.

1 Surface not carefully cleaned. Proper Surface preparation

2 Unsuitable work clothes. Lint free/Dust free cloth

3 Dirty spray booth Booth Cleaning

4 Improper Size of filter Correct size of the filter

Intake of contaminated air
5 from outside the Filtration of Air
spray booth
 Craters/Cissing/Fish eye/ De-wetting
• What is Crater
Circular recesses with a diameter from 0.5 to 3 mm.
 Craters Cont….

Sr.
Causes Remedies
No.

Improper or insufficient surface

1 Proper Surface Preparation
cleaning or preparation

Contamination of air supply, by water Cleaning and filtration of air prior

2
or oil to use

Oil, wax, grease or silicone Avoid/use crater free grease and

3
contamination waxes

Avoid contamination from

4 Lubricants from moving parts
lubricant oils and moving parts
5 Contaminates from cloths/ Apron etc. Use Cleaned cloths
 Popping
• What is Popping
Circular recesses with a diameter from 0.5 to 3 mm.
 Popping Cont….

Sr.
Causes Remedies
No.

Apply paint in normal film

1 Excessive film thickness.
thicknesses.

Top coat not allowed to flash off long

Keep to specified flash-off times.
2 enough before
forced drying.

Specified spray viscosity not Follow the instructions on spray

3
maintained viscosity, hardeners and reducers
on the Technical Data Sheets.
Unsuitable hardener or reducer.
4
 Yellowing
• What is Yellowing
Discoloration/yellow appearance causing the appearance of a
colour mismatch to the adjacent panel
 Yellowing Cont….

Sr.
Causes Remedies
No.

Poor light fastness of resin and/or Use light resistance resin and
1
pigment pigment

Yellowing epoxy and alkyd resins,

Avoid these resins in exterior
2 which are easily affected by light, heat
application.
or environmental contaminants

3
 Chalking
• What is Chalking
▪ Decomposition of the binding agents at the paint
surface resulting in the release of the colour pigments.
▪ Ultra violet light breaks down the binders in the paint
and releases the pigments
 Chalking Cont….

Sr.
Causes Remedies
No.

Always use recommended hardener

1 Choice of wrong hardener or amount.
and mixing ratio.

Another cause is a reaction between the

2 Use stable binder for oxidation
binders and oxygen, this is paint oxidation

Weathering (aggressive environmental

pollution such as sulphur dioxide and Use base coat + UV stable clear
3
nitrous oxides in combination with high lacquer system where possible.
humidity and exposure to UV radiation
Ensure chalked paintwork is removed
Poor repair to a previously chalking paint
4 back
finish.
to a sound substrate before refinishing.
5 High PVC Appropriate PVC