MINCKS GROUP OF SCHOOLS
FORM THREE
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
233/1 - Paper 1
CHEMISTRY
(THEORY)
OCTOBER- 2024 TIME: 2½ hours
Name……………………………………….............. ADM. Number…………..…………
School ……………………………………………Class……………………………………
Candidate’s Signature……………………………….. Date…………………………….
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATES.
Write your name, admission number and class in the spaces provided.
Sign and write the examination date.
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided below each question.
All working must be shown clearly
All the answers should be written in English
FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY
QUESTIONS MAXIMUM CANDIDATES
SCORE SCORE
1 - 28 80
This paper consist of 12 pages . Ensure all the questions and pages are there.
1. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follows.
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B
SOLID LIQUID
A
C
GAS
(a) Name process C (1mk)
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(b) Naphthalene and iodine can undergo the same process. Identify the process from the diagram.(1mk)
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2. The table below gives some properties of three substances I, J and K. Study it and answer the
questions that follows.
Substance Melting Solubility in water Electrical conductivity
point Solid Molten
I 1063 Insoluble Conducts Conducts
J 113 Insoluble Doesn’t Doesn’t
K 402 sparlingly Doesn’t Conduct & get decomposed
(a) Suggest the type of structure in: (1mk)
(i) J…………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii) K…………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Explain why molten K is decomposed by the electric current but I is not decomposed. (2mks)
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3. The set up below was used to investigate the reaction of a certain gas with lead (II) nitrate.
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(a) Identify Gas A. …………………………………………………………………… (1mk)
(b) State the observation made in the trough containing lead (II) nitrate solution. (1mk)
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(c) Write an ionic equation for the reaction occurring in the trough. (1mk)
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4. Describe an experiment procedure on how sodium sulphite and sodium sulphate can use
differentiated in the laboratory. (3mks)
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5. (a) Give one reason why some of the laboratory apparatus are made of ceramics. (1mk)
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(b) Name two apparatus that can be used to measure approximately 75cm3 of dilute sulphuric (VI) acid.
(2mks)
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6. The electron arrangement of ions W3+ and Z2- are 2.8 and 2.8.8 respectively.
(a) In which groups do elements W and Z belong? (1mk)
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(b) Write the formula of the compound that would be formed between W and Z. (1mk)
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7. An element R
12
(a) To which chemical family does it belong? (1mk)
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(b) Write the electron arrangement of the atom of the element. (1mk)
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(c) Draw the structure of its ion. (1mk)
8. The diagram below shows a set up which was used by a student to investigate the effect of
electricity on molten lead(II) iodide.
(a) Define the term electrolysis. (1mk)
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(b) Identify on the diagram, the anode and the cathode. (1mk)
(c) Write equation for the reaction at the anode. (1mk)
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9. The set up below was used to investigate a chemical property of carbon (IV) oxide. Study it and
answer the question that follow.
(a) State and explain the observations made in tube B when CaCO3 was heated strongly for a long period
of time. (2mks)
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(b) Write a chemical equation that leads to the final product in tube B. (1mk)
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10. (a) State Boyle’s law. (1mk)
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(b) A gas occupies 270cm3 at a pressure of 660mmHg at 370c. What is the new volume if pressure is
changed to 810mmHg at 630c. (2mks)
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11. Nitric (V) acid may be prepared in the laboratory by the action of the concentrated sulphuric (VI)
acid in a suitable nitrate and distilling off the nitric (v) acid.
(a) Why does the set up only consist of apparatus made of glass? (1mk)
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(b) Pure Nitric (V) acid is colourless but the product in the collection vessel is yellow. Explain. (1mk)
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(c) Why is it possible to separate Nitric(V) acid from sulphuric (VI) acid in the setup? (1mk)
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12. The table below shows elements in the same group of the periodic table. Study it and answer the
questions that follow.
Element Atomic size
B1 0.18
B2 0.24
B3 0.16
(a) Which element has the highest ionization energy? Give a reason. (2mks)
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(b) Identify the most electropositive element. (1mk)
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13. If 25cm3 of 0.1M H2SO4 solution neutralized a solution containing 1.06g of sodium carbonate in
250cm3 of solution, calculate the morality and volume of sodium carbonate solution.
Na=23,O=16, C=12 (3mks)
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14. (a) Define the term isomerism. (1mk)
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(b) Draw and name two isomers of a compound with the formula, CnH2n+2. Where n=4 (2mks)
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15. The set up below shows how gas A was prepared and reacted with heated Magnesium.
(a) Give a reason why it is not advisable to heat Magnesium before heating ammonium nitrate. (1mk)
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(b) (i) Identify gas A (1mk)
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(ii) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between gas A and Magnesium. (1mk)
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16. Starting with lead (II) oxide, describe how you can prepare a dry sample of lead (II) sulphate.
(3mks)
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17. The table below shows PH value of solutions A, B, C, D and E.
Solutions A B C D E
PH values 13 7 1 6.5 8.5
(a) Which solution would react vigorously with Magnesium metal? (1mk)
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(b) Which solution is likely to be that of lemon juice? (1mk)
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(c) Which solution would be used to relieve heart burn? (1mk)
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18. Two gases are reacted using the setup below.
(a)(i) Identify one condition necessary for the reaction to occur. ( ½ mk)
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(ii) State the observation made in the experiment once the condition you stated in a (i) above is
provided.
( ½ mk)
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(b) Write an equation for the reaction which occurs. (1mk)
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19. Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow.
Na2CO3
Soda lime
A
Step 1
Excess chlorine, U.V CCl4
B Step 2
(a) Identify A and B. (2mks)
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(b) What name is given to the type of reaction in step 2? (1mk)
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20. (a) State the Graham’s law of diffusion. (1mk)
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(b) The molar masses of gases X and Y are 16.0 and 44.0 respectively. If the rate of diffusion of X
through porous materials in 12cm3S-1, calculate the rate of diffusion of Y through the same material.
(2mks)
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21. The diagram below shows the heating of ammonium chloride in a test tube until there is no
further changes.
State and explain the observations made on the litmus paper. (3mks)
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22. The table below shows liquids that are miscible and those that are immiscible.
Liquid Y Z
W Miscible Miscible
X Miscible Immiscible
Use the above information to answer the questions that follow.
(a) Name the method that can be used to separate W and Y from a mixture of the two. (1mk)
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(b) Describe how a mixture of X and Z can be separated. (2mks)
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23. Draw a well labelled diagram of a set up that can be used to prepare dry sample of hydrogen gas.
(3mks)
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24. When a hydrocarbon was completely burnt in Oxygen, 4.2g of carbon (IV) oxide and 1.71g of
water were formed. Determine the empirical formula of the hydrocarbon. (H=1.0, C=12.0,
O=16.0) (3mks)
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25. The diagram below represents part of the set up used to prepare and collect gas N.
(a) Name 2 regents that are reacted to produce both Carbon (IV) oxide and Carbon (II)oxide. (1mk)
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(b) Write the equation for the reaction which take place in tube A. (1mk)
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(c) Give two reasons why Carbon (II) oxide is not easily detected. (1mk)
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26. Naturally occurring element X has two isotopes 63X with abundance of 72% and the rest is 65X.
(a) Define the term isotopes. (1mk)
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(b) Calculate relative atomic mass of X. (2mks)
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27. Explain the following observations.
(a) Copper and dilute hydrochloric acid are not used to prepare hydrogen gas. (1mk)
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(b) Coloured petals are bleached by chlorine water. (1mk)
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28. Nitric (V) acid is a monobasic acid.
(a) What is meant by basicity of an acid. (1mk)
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(b) Write the formula of another acid with the same basicity as nitric (V) acid. (1mk)
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