Standard First Aid Participant’s ManualPoge2 Participant's Manual INTRODUCTION: THE HEMS TRAINING PROGRAMS IN PERSPECTIVE The Department of Health - Health Emergency Management Staff (XOH-HEMS) is the country's prime mover in respanding ta ememencies and disasters. It is com posed of technical experts and practitionars in health emergency management who have been lauded for the way they have prepared fer and managed national and intemational em emencies and disasters. DOH-HERMS is committed 10 making the entire country prepared for any emergency and disaster, to make effective management and respanse a way of life. Towards this end, DOH-HEMS conducts training programs committed to the thrust *Capacitating the mind and bady (Training beyond training)" Gver the last 4 years, DGH-HEMS has been developing, conducting, evaluating, and refining training programs on various areas in health emergency management for the purpose af multiplying the critical mass of technical experts as well as equipping the public to adequately respond to and manage health emergencies. Since 2007, DOH-HEMS has conducted 1? courses for a total of 21.314 trainees ranging from managers, leaders, resoandars, aperation canter staff, trainers, and lay individuals or cammunity members, To refing and professionalize the training programs, DOH-HEMS is currently collaborating with the academe in developing training packages specifically an the fallawing courses: National Public Health and Emergency Management in Asia and the Pacific (PHEMAP 1) Sub-National Public Health and Emergency Management in Asia and the Pacific (PHEMAP 2) Health Emergency Response Gperatians HERO} 1 2 3 4, asic Life Suppart - Training of Trainers (&LS-TOT} 5. Emergency Medical Technicians’ Basic Training {EMT-B} 6. Nutntion in Emergencies {NiE) 7. Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) in Emergencies &, Essential Emergency Surgical Skills Training (£857) for District Hospitals 9. Standard First Aid (SFA) 1D. Mass Casually Management (MCM) This training pragram an Standard First Aid (SFAl is unique amang the DOH-HEMS courses in that it focuses on building the emergency response capabilities of nan-health professionals. It aims ta prowide laypersons the knowledge, skills, and attitudes that will enable them to provide efficacious first aid interventions during emergencias and disasters. Effectual delivery of first aid is a significant factor ta suecassfully avoiding the anset af camplicatians for thase injured during emergencies, thus preventing unnecessary morbidity and mariality. Having pecple in the community wha are capable of administering first aid is thus @ crucial building block of an effective community response to emergencies,Participant's Manual Page 3 Recognizing that trainees af the HEMS-DOH programs are all adult leamers, this SFA course follows a training framework that is consistent with the basic principles of adult learning, Most importantly. it hopes ta effect positive change that will consequently result 1o the immediate application af what was learned to their job assignments, their established habits, and their accumulated rich experiences, Lecture-discussions are complemented immediately by active practice sessions guided by trainers whe are certified fist ald providers, are seasoned responders ta emergencies, and have completed taining as trainers and facilitators. Through the extensive experiences of the trainerssinstructors working Beyond Tratming, multiple perspectives are drawn out ta help the population develop self-reliance and heightened lavel of capacities for survival during disasters and emergencies, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Health Emergency Management Staff af the Department af Health (HEMS-DOH) thanks the following team members who developed the Standard First Aid t ing course: Joselte M, Datu, RN, EMT Assistant HEM!S Coordinator Baguio General Hospital Medical Center, Baguia City Rudel M. Jaranills, RN, MAN, BMT-8 George §, Calida, RN, EMT-3 Stat Nurse, Emergency Roam Bicol Medical Center, Naga City Wietor Angel R. Colina, MD, EMT-B Assistant HEMS Cocedingtor and HESU Coordinator Bicol Regional Training & Teaching Hospital, Legaspi City ‘Wihelmina C. de Castro, RN, MAN, EMT-3- HEMS Coordinator Bicol Medical Center, Naga City HaroH |. Marcado, RMT, MPH, EMT-8: HEMS Coordinator, CHD-V A Extension Cffice, Quezon OOH Center for Health Development IV-A, Calabarzon Hector, Radriguez, AN, MAN, EMT-B Assistant HEMS Cocedinator Gow. Calesting Gallares Memorial Hospital Tagbilaran City, Bahal Jocelyn V. Sales, MD, PTRP, RN, EMT Assistant HENS Coordinator Las Piflas Ganeral Hospital & Satelite Trauma Center Las Pinas City Daniela ¥. Teorica, RM, EMT-B Assistant HEMS Cocedinator Vicenta Sotta Memorial Medical Center, Cebu City Aree) Assistant Chief Nurse Western Visayas Medical Center, lloilo City Noel G, Manacis, MD, EMT-B. Assistant HEMS Coordinator Region | Medical Center, Pangasinan Josefto V. Sagaria, RN, EMT-B Nurse Supervisor, Assistant HEMS Canrdinatce San Lazare Hospital, Manila Martin R. Parrefia, MD- Supervising Health Program Officer Preparedness Dission, HEMS, Department of Health Rene Gerard €. Galera, Jr, MD Supervising Health Program Oicer Preparedness Dwison HEMS, Deparment of Health Edward Anthony G. De Borja, RN, EMT-B Head Nurse, Emergency Services Complex Jose R, Reyes Mamarial Medical Center, MarlaSoge 4 Participant's Manual Juancha Gideon N. Torres, MD, MPH Eden C. Mendaza, MD, MPH HEMS Coordinator Associate Professor, Natonal Teacher Training GOH Center for Health Development ¥ Bicol Region, Center for the Health Professions University of the Philippines Manila Legaspi City Nomar M. Alviar, MD, MHPEd Melfior A. Atienza, MD, MHPEd Assaciale Professor, National Teacher Training — Assaciate Professor, National Teacher Training Center for the Health Professions ‘Center for the Health Professians University of the Philippines Manila University of the Philippines Manila Deep appreciation is also extended to NTTCHP Prafessar Nerwel 5. Fajutagana, MD, MHPEd who served as project leader of this program. Spetial appreciation is also gven to Mr. Zando EscuRura and his team for the artistic design and packaging of the training manuals, The entire teams of HEMS DOH and NTRCHP composed of the faculty, administrative staff, and research personnel labored in various ways in the productian of this manual and HEMS DOH is most grateful for their combined help.Participant's Manual Page 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS.Page 6 Participant's Manual TRODUCTION: THE HEMS TRAINING PROGRAMS IN PERSPECTIVE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS COURSE MANAGEMENT ‘COURSE OVERVIEW GLOSSARY ‘COURSE OBJECTIVES COURSE ORGANIZATION MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION TO FIRST AID: MOOULE pescRIFTION MOOULE [Link] MOOULE gACANI2ATION ‘SESSION. fIRET gO CONTEXT AND |S8UES Session Deseription Specific Objectives Notes to Porticipants: ‘SESSION 2: IRET STEDS i PRET lb Session Description Specific Objective Notes te Porticiponts: Shits towing MODULE 2: MEDICAL, IMOOULE DEtCRIFTION IMOOULE qaiecrwes MOOULE pAGaNZATION ‘SESSION g. FEVER Session Description Session Objectives Notes te porticipants: ‘SHESION 2; HEAD AND WECK pROBLENAS Session Description Session Objectives: Notes te Porticipants: ‘SESSION 2; CHEST PROBLEMS Session Geseription Session Objectives Notes te Porticipants: Shits training ‘SHESION g: ABDOHAL PROBLEMS, Session Description Session Objectives Notes to Porticipants: 10 12 2 14 14 4 14 14 4 15 15 a a at at 26Participant's Manual Page 7 MODULE 5: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS 49 MODULE DESCRIPTION rey MODULE QuIECTIVES 49. MODULE QASANIZATION 49. SESSION 4- ALLERGIES 50 Session Description 50 Session Objectives 50 Wotes to Participants: so SESSION 7 qNIMaL giTES AND gTaWGs sa Session Description Session Objectives Sz Wotes to Participarts: 52 SESSION 3. pais 56 Session Description 56 Session Objectives 56 Wotes to Participants: 56 SESSION 4- [Link] ANO ()THER [Link] PROBLEMS. o Session Description 60 Session Objectives 60 Notes to Participants 60. SESSION §- DROWNING 63 Session Description cy Session Objectives 6a Notes t6 Participonts cy MODULE 4: TRAUNAA INJURIES 56. MODULE DESCRIPTION 56 Mobute qevecrives 66. MODULE QAGANIZATION 56. SESSION 4 BRUISES, YyOUNDS AND BLEEDING, 7 Session Description 67 Session Objectives 67 Notes to Participonts: or Skills Training: n SESSION 2- gultres a Session Description Fz Session Objectives B Wotes to Participomts Fz SESSION 3. FRACTURES, DISLOCATIONS, SPRAINS AND CTRAIKS 75 Session Description 75 Session Objectives 75 Running Session 3 76 SESSION ge SPUNTING 78 Session Description 78 Session Objective 78 Notes t6 Participomts 7 ‘Standard FistPoge a Participant's Manual Aunning the Skills Training Session a0 SSEESION 5, SPINE ALY ao Session Description a0 Session Objectives a0 Hates to Porticipants MODULES: TRANSFERRING THE INJURED a2 IMOOULE pescRIFTION a2 MOOULE QRIECTVE a2 IMOOULE pRGANIZATION a2 NOTES TO PARTICIPANTS a3 Running the Skills Training Session 89 APPENDICES a4 APPENDIX a1 APPENDIX g 92 ADPENDIKC 93 APPENDIX D a4 APPEND 95 ‘Standard First AidParticipant's Manual Page 9 COURSE MANAGEMENT Facilitators are furnished a ‘Facilitator's Manual" while a copy of the “Participant's Manual” is provided to each trainee. Bath facilitators and participants are also furnished copies of the "Reference Manuals.” There are some basic competencies that you as faciitatars have to perform in the conduct of this program and they are briefly discussed below Roles of trainers The trainers should take tums playing the following rales: Course Director The course director serves as the leader of the whole training team. His / her tasks include: 1 ‘Overseeing the conduct of the entire training 2. Facilitating the preparatory meetings of the training team 3. Assigns rales to the members of the training team Chief Facilitator of the Day The chief facilitator (Chief) of the Day serves as the officer of the day. The Chief Facilitatar ensures that the program for the day is carried out as planned. Hisrher tasks include: 1. Opening and closing the sessions at the prescribed time 2. Intraducing the speakers 3. Assisting the main facilitator in instructing the participants about group assignments and tasks 4 Calling the sessions ta order 5. Keaping the time and troubleshooting 6 Reminding speakers and lecturers to keep their schedules 7. Conducting evaluation of the activities of the day and summarizing these for presentation during the Review-Preview the next day Skills trainers Skills trainers conduct the skills training in small groups. They are selected from the DOH pool of certified First Aid trainers, @ skill trainer's tasks include: 1. Providing a follow-slong demonstration of procedures to be learned by the trainees 2. Observing the return demonstrations eeePoge 10 Participant's Manual 3. Providing feedback on the return derenstration 4. Assessing trainees during the practical examination 5. ‘Coordinating with the secretariat regarding all materials needed during the skills training sessians and the practical examination Speakers and lecturers ‘Speakers and lacturers are content experts of topics assigned to them. They are selected from the DOH pool of certified First Aid trainers, Thay are encouraged to present their inputs within the prescribed time allocation, and to be facilitative in sharing their insights to participants. COURSE OVERVIEW Target Participants First Aid, if successfully given, significantly avoids complications from injury. Educating a community to administer prompt and effective First Aid is a key element of emergency preparedness. Persons trained in First Aid have a greater appreciation of the importance af safety, prevention, and risk reduction. They become an acivocate of safety awareness and preparedness for emergencies for their family, organization, and community. This training intends to develop the layperson’s capabilities to provide First Aid interventions in times of emergencies Duration of training In this three-day course, trainees are expected to gain knowledge on the basic concepts and principles behind first aid and acminister these interventions. Training Format Participants are provided new inputs and/or familiar concepts then opportunities to process them and practice the skills needed to effectively administer first aid ta victims. They are expected to participate in lecture-discussion on the principles of first aid, the various medical conditions, environment prablems, and trauma injuries that require first aid. At the end of the course, the participants’ competence in bandaging, splinting and transporting victims will beParticipant's Manual Poge TT assessed in a practical examination. They will also take a SO-item, multiple-choice type, case- based written examination. Facilitators are expected to read the Reference Manual that contains exalanatian af technical concepts and constantly checks on the ‘Notes to facilitators so they can be caached on maintaining uniforn instructions in running this program with their future trainees. GLOSSARY Abrasion A medical term for a graze ta the skin Allergy An abnormally high sensitivity to certain substances, such as pollens, foods, or microorganisms avulsion Forcible tearing away of a body part by trauma or surgery Cantusion A bruise {bleeding beneath the skin} Disaster A serious distuption of the functioning of a cammunity or a society inwolving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the bility of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources Dyspnea Difficult or lsbored breathing: shortness of breath, Dyspnea is a sign of serious disease af the airway, lungs or heart. The onset of dyspnea should nat be ignared; it is reason to seek medical sttention. Fracture Another term used for a broken bone Heat cramps Painful muscle spasms in the abdomen, arms, or legs following strenuous activity. The skin is usually mist and cool and the pulse is normal or slightly raised, Bady temperature is mostly normal, Caused by a lack of salt in the bady, but salt replacement should nat be considered without acivice fram a physician. Heat exhaustian The bedy’s respanse to an excessive loss of water and salt contained in sweat. The person may be thirsty, giddy, weak, uncoordinated, nauseous, and sweating profusely. The bady temperature is usually normal and the pulse is narmal-or raised, The skin is cold and clammy. Heat stroke A core body temperature that rises abowe 40C accompanied by hot dry skin and central nervous system abnormalities such as delirium, convulsions ar coma. Heat stroke that results fram expasure to a high is called nonexertional heat stroke, Heat environmental temperatt stroke that results from strenuous exercise is called exertional heat stroke. Symptoms may include confusion, combativeness, bizarrePoge 12 Participant's Manual Hives. Hyperventilstion Laceration Numbness Poison Recovery position Seizure Shock Sprain ‘Strain Stroke Triangular bandage Unconscious behavior, faintness, staggering, strang rapid pulse, dry flushed skin, lack of sweating, possible delirium or coma. A raised, itchy area of skin that may be a sign of an allergic reaction. It can be rounder or flat-tapped but is always elevated abowe the surrounding skin. It reflects circumscribed dermal edema. The hives are usually well circumscribed but may be coalescent and will blanch ‘with pressure, A single spot is almost slways gone by 24 hours but ‘the process may stay for weeks to manths. ‘Overbreathing. Hyperventilation causes dizziness, lightheadedness, a sense of unsteadiness, and tingling around the mouth and fingertips. An injury where there is cutting or tearing of the skin Loss of the sensation of feeling in an area of the body. Numbness results from damage to, or impaired function of, the nerves that supply the affected area. The function of the nerves may be impaired by numerous causes including some chronic diseases, trauma, toxins, decreased bicod supply due to atherosclerosis or other conditions, electrolyte imbalances, and pressure on the spinal nerves from hernisted dises or ather diseases of the spine. Any substance that can cause severe organ damage or death if ingested, breathed in, or absorbed thraugh the skin, Many substances that normally cause no problems, including water and most vitamins, can be poisonous if taken in excessive quantity. A posit in where the casualty is laying on their side to protect their airway. Abnormal or excessive activity in the brain that can cause a variety of symptoms such as muscle movement, unconsciousness and rigidity, Inadequate oxygen reaching the tissues. Can have warious cause such a5 severe blood loss, burns or allergic reactions. An injury to a ligament that rasults from overuse or trauma. The treatment of sprain involves applying ice packs, resting andl elevating the involved joint and using anti-inflammatary medications. An injury toa tendon ar muscle resulting from overuse or trauma, [Link] clot or bleed in the brain causing symptoms such as loss of movement and facial droap. A triangular-shaped piece of cloth which can be used for various first aid procedures (eg. a sling) Interruption of awareness of oneself and ane's surraunding, lack of the ability to notice or respond to stimuli in the environment. A person may became unconscious due to oxygen deprivation, shock,Participant's Manual Poge 13 central nerwous system depressants such as alcohol and drugs, of injury. Wenom A poison, particularly one secreted by an animal, Examples are bee venam, snake venom, scorgion venom, and spider venom. Snake venom is also called veniin, Wheal A raised, itchy area of skin that is sometimes an overt sign of allergy. COURSE OBJECTIVES Genera! Objective After completing the training, the participant wall be able to carry out standard first aid procedures effectively, safely, and willingly when responding to emergencies. Specific Objectives After completing the taining, the participant will be able to competently: 1 Assess injured individuals who require first aid 2 Administer the appropriate first aid interventions 3. Demonstrate willingness and confidence when providing first aid COURSE ORGANIZATION The course is divided into the following modules: | _ Time Modules Sessions Module? Session 1: First Aid: Context and Issues Introduction to First Aid | Session 2 First Steps in First Aid hr 30min, Session 1: Fever Session 2 Head and Neck Prablems Zhe 20 | Modu? min Medical Problems Session 3. Chest Protlems frPoge 1d Participant's Manual Session 4: Abdominal Problems Sesston 1: Allergies Module 3 Session 2: Animal Bites and Stings Zhao | Meat Session 3: Poisoning Environmental min Session 4: Heat Stroke and Other Heat-related Problems Proislems Session § Drowning Session 1: Bruises, Wounds and Bleeding Session 2: Burns Moduke 4 — 12 brs Session 3: Fractures, Disincation, Sprains, and Strains Trauma Injuries Session 4: Splinting Session 5: Spine Injury Meduke & 5 hrs ke Transporting the InjuredParticipant's Manual Poge 16 MODULE 1 INTRODUCTION TO FIRST AID Module Description This medule gives an overview of the general principles behind First Aid. The goals and limitations of first aid as well as the responsibilities of the first aid provider are discussed, The module emphasizes how preparedness for emergencies helps lowers complications and death from injuries. Module Objectives After completing this module, participants should be able ta 1 Understand the general principles of the practice of first aid and 2 Dernonstrate scene size up, primary and secondary assessment of victims requiring first aid. Module Organization The madule is organized into the following sessians: Time Session Coment Activities Definition of first aicd Goals af first aid Limitations of first aid Responsibilities of the first aid First Aid: Contest and Lecture- 45 min provider Issues discussion Characteristics of an effective first aid provider Pratecting the well-being of the first aid provider Scene size-up , oo Primary assessment Lecture- 45 min | First Steps in First Aid History discussion Secondary assessment SeenPoge 16 Participant's Manual Session 1 First Aid Context and bsues Session Description This session introduces participants to the science and practice of first aid, the goals and limitations of first aid, as well as the important characteristics and feelings that a first ad provider must have in order to deal with emergencies. Specific Objectives Upon completion of the session, participants should be able to: 1. Define first aid Enumerate the gaals and limitations of first aid Recognize the responsibilities of the first aid prowider Explain the characteristics of an effective first aid provider Discuss the importance and ways of protecting the first aid pravider eae Notes te Participants. 1. Read the Reference Manual before the session. 2. Listen ta the lacture and write your nates in the space pravided. MISI Slides Notes: Baan # Firat Ald: Context and Issues ‘Objective + Uniierteee ea general conte ee feoctica ef tot First Aid provision ty a layers (abywancar or ta vieun rita, of wnat eara to vilin ef kay arin, Usudly pesformed waitin a teen ha ware ‘and mith iia oF wa mecca asuiemenParticipant's Manual Poge 17 First Aid and Responding to Emergencies & Disasters Fits Aid and Responding ta Emergencies & Disaslers Frevestion peo Mittation Firat Aid) and Reegonding to- Emerganies & Dssasters Pruarman pao MERE Devatooemant Reet everyPoge 18 Participant's Manual Firat Aid and Respondrig to Emergencies & Disasters Preven pon NNER Pequaress Geveisement 1 ewe eieonce ecoeery Goals of First Aid Braver uher inure + Preserves + Prometa recoxory Limitations of First Aid roan bys imperene tabystonder ar the wea herse ‘of immedisie cre ta ream af ngry er ress, Uuzualy peared win a irvied ehilrarge ‘nd Win mum ena Mestad queParticipant's Manual Poge 19 Reenporuibilitien of the First Aid Provider} 1 Braue tu gap tates ticket tenga surat fea se analy ad owed ane burdenPage 20 Participant's Manual [Gheractensiics olan Enectve Fal fat Pronger ‘Choractrelics of an Etecive Fal Ast rower + gets + Rescuroetul + Obsanant + Toa * Empathae + Recedubia Protecting the First Ald Provigar's Wall-baing NEVER ohace yourself in a dangerous ‘sfuaban, Danger * Environmental danger -any dangarin the physical surroundings * Human danger ~ dangar from people the ‘scone, winch can ba néeriional ar acodental CrdParticipant's Manual Poge 21 Environmental Danger: What to do + Soak halp immadiataly, hoop a wat ‘Stance bom physical dangers 1+ Reeve Pee vicin amy from physical sargars + Elminate the danger il cam be done salty Human Danger Fern tien of ary + From me wets naaivas 1 i ear of thi Tell the wietirn... 5 a you are 1 Wyy ou are with ther + Winat you are going to doe When victims refuse your help + ieowicatod * unreasonable + ict i a minor + euflering kum leering diticuijes + persons refusing on behal of the vicim fee)Poge 22 Participant's Manual sistance in emergencies First Ald: Context and Issues + mata Festa + Fi aed Fasgacin to Enwgarnies 8 Basar + als of rane mite of Pret A + Resporadtiftas ef ha Fit Aid Prorkior + heammcedatics of hn Efctie Pita Prosar + Prolasing tha FistAdd Proskor's Wal-Buing SESSION 2 FIRST STEPS IN FIRST AID Session Description This session is about the actions that must be dane in administering first aid, Assessment of the victim will be discussed. This is important in order to prevent further injury or death. Specific Objective After completing this session, participants should be able ta apply the proper inkial general approach when providing first aid. Notes to Participants. 1 Read the Reference Manual before the session 2. Listen to the lecture and write your notes on the space provided MIS2 Slides Nates eeParticipant's Manual Poge 23 Madufa + Introduction to First Ald Sasson 2 First Steps in Firet Ald 2 —. @ ‘Objective + Apply tha prepas intist penara! apptascn te Providing Care to the Injured First Steps in First Aidt + Scone size-up + Prirnary aeseournent History + Secondary assassmant Scene size-up + Risks and dangers + Changes in the environment, situation Primary assessment + Gireulawan + Alnway + BreathingPoge 26 Participant's Manual Circulation + Skin « color: reddish? whitish? bluish? = clammy? sweaty? very dry? + Pulse -atine sideofme base of the thumb Airway Abie tn spest ery = open airway + Nola quay ef speaking ¥enyng Dp tha way og ut6 2) + Remove obainsetiona Breathing 1+ Che for signe of breathing ass resecosiat + Fraime rw er ‘sera yur cho + Hoar itm few af ir + See pechesioan se hal History ‘hie carahant History of ho chit compat Pro noemaemenl Great anes Hic heey ed ees One Inari inervation Noworin Secondary assessment + To meni wctiny corion; eeetily specie inunes Heed and neck Sheds. chest and back ee) ‘Apeemen + Hes + Loge: nd fontParticipant's Manual Poge 25 Secondary assesament + Heed + Sunken meas . * Blaad-or had on tom) ufos + Blood or fad aming oUt af core + Conkured? Diiculiy speak? Dificully woking? Secondary assessment + Neck « Sides, back of nece + Painful, tendsr or dofarmed > Imnrobilize Secondary assessment + Shoulders + Eeurniew cellar bone area + Push dow shouloers Secondary assessment + Chest yer - + Evenness 2 + Movement during breathing + Wounds + PainPoge 26 Participant's Manual Secondary asseasment + Beck + Peal slong the spine, rbeage Secondary sstesement ers ore har Semmens + Pan Secondary assessment + Abdomen + Evenness + "Boardika" feeling + Pain p Secondary assessment + Hips + Compress gently + If pin on compression DO NGT rack! + Ifne pain on compression puah | \ down genliyina rocking motion Secondary assessment + Legs ana feet + Obvious injuries + Peal tr cetommity oF pain + Gmortening, rotation + Normal, painless movement of ach foot SoParticipant's Manual Poge 27 First Stops in First Aid + Scane sizo-up + Prinary sapeaemeat History + Secondary axsaszmantPoge 28 Participant's Manual Stills training Instructions to Participants 3. ‘You will be divided into groups. Each group will have a maximum of § trainees and at least ane skills trainer as facilitator during the skills training session, which will run for the remainder of the session. a In each group, the skills trainer conducts a follow-along demonstration af the procedures of primary and secondary assessment Observe the skills trainer closely b. ‘One of you will be asked to serve as “victim” for the skill trainers demonstration of the procedures. «. Observe the skills trainer perform all steps of the pracedure in real time and in succession without narration of steps during the first demanstration of each method ta show how it is naturally carried out, 4. You will then follow along the skills trainer's demonstration in pairs, taking turns as victim and first aid prowider 4. Read Appendix A. Make sure that you can perform each step in this Skill Assessment Sheet. Your trainers will abserve you, give feedback for your improvementParticipant's Manual Poge 29 MODULE 2 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES Module Description This module covers the mast common medical emergencies at harme or in the community. It is composed of four sessions that cover various topics which include fever, head and neck problems, chest problems and abdorninal protlems. Modul: Objectives After completing this module, participants should be able to: 1 Detect when a persan is suffering from any of the various medical emergencies 2 Administer the appropriate first aid 3. Recognize when to seek medical help Module Organizat The madule is organized into the following sessions: Time Session Content Activities © Classification of fever Lecture * Causes 15 mins | Fewer * How to take = body temperature Fainting Lecture © Dizziness D-RD © Convulsions Practice * Headache Thr | Head and Neck Problems © Nasebleed * Foreign Bady in the Nose and Ear * Eye lnjuries Choking Lecture Thr | Chest Problems * Difficulty of breathing D-RD . Chest pain Practice ; - * Abdominal pain 18 mins | Abdominal Problems Lecture © Diarrhea ‘stanaae FlPoge 30 Participant's Manual Session 1 Fever Session Description In this session, the different causes af fewer, temperature taking from different parts af the body, ways to lower the temperature of the body and need for immediate medical help will be discussed Session Objectives After completing this session, participants shuld be able ta 1. identify variaus causes of fever 2. Take the body temperature correctly 3. Provide appropriate first aid for fever 4 Recognize when to seak emergency help for persons with fever Notes ta participants. 1 Read the Reference Manual before the session, 2. Write your nates an the space provided, M251 Sides Notes reece 2 Naceieat Problema, ‘Steasioe T Fever 2 — 8 Objection 5 Marty rks causa re "Brave aerapemle Fal wl r paracem with + Racogeine wan eo wees armemancy nab Fr povone ean ieneParticipant's Manual Page 31 Fever ‘ bigher-thar-normal body temperature + silghty alovatacl boxy tamparatura in ehiidren, Inari = serious linac ea i sreasne edd & mederatn fava SADC. High fever ae Counen of fever » Ininetora Sperling to mach tee under the su ‘tera tr medication oF food Taking the temperature rectally + Ure bicart ; + Lap te cients | 4 stemach i + Insta fot inch ak et ina What to do for fever + Mona sarpersres * Riemer sont cing: DO NOT map is + eae parson it coal placa * tee sconge beth Geo pemy at tats * Glen pemncrited cone of paracetar: DO. OT gre cep Whan te suek medical help 1 aby + armen metal marine 28°C + Babys By. weve Tee pau etn mergeratra #04 + nua san ener 2 aes BenenPoge 32 Participant's Manual When to seek emergency help + mesoatiche + carton Sabet pa set + rebut atiasn = aoa Oiaren ~ real en erat = cheap sotrgign + para mteumess * wfucaineceean "recy yormieetee! + oan oe feed pete) Session 2 Head and Neck Problems Session Description This session cavers variqus problems in the head and neck, their different causes, what to do for persons who surfer fram these problems, and when to seek medical or emergency help. Session Objectives: After completing this session, participants should be able ta Detect when a person is suffering from Fainting Dizziness Convulsions Headache Nosebleed Foreign abjects in the nose ar ear Eye injuries Administer the appropriate first sid to persons suffering from these head and neck prablems 3. Racagnize when to seek medical help far persons with these head and neck problems Moo 6 Bb ob oD Notes to Participants: 1 Read the Reference Manual betore the session. 2. Listen to the lecture on Head and Neck Problems. Write your notes on the space provided. M282 Slide NotesParticipant's Manual Poge 33 Moca 2 Madieal Pratlema Senaion 2 Head and Neek Problems. Q -—. @ Objectives + Detect when 2 person is wuflering fram + faring + dizziness + corruticnie + eacasne + ropebleed + Toreign ebjocts fr the nose ar eae + Adiinister fra abd Lo persone euler from raze had and neck poblame + Recognize when 19 mes medica help tor Parsons wih theca head and neck pratiema Fainting, ol eroush blond supoty t0 | the brain 3 lass of cereciusness = Causes of falnting ew toad gage Buing dorders conctiore which couee rap blcod lost A secre et etm ht ataek rok head inary ks heal shake eal eorauen Causes of fainting ++ standing ora eng un + exkeme painPage 36 Participant's Manual Aperson may feel these before fainting + desire fa vomit oddiness ercHaEie ERR ‘dim ven rapid heartheat: ppakstasons What to do for fainting + person is routing: ty him down, eleva ings + Looren snrtneie ming + Dit gol th pera up too quick + sot unconscious wth Yimin calor ervey he + Mabe sure sway ear match our wor + Weakest, ey + DOKOT paar wasir ara vc tae + BONOT gia yl ven ct ag Dizziness ‘Heeling of unsieadness; spinning bansaéon b Dizziness + vertign: feeling af motion whan thera is reset mation + lightheadedness: feeling af about to fai Causes of dizziness high blood preseure tom tba prenure begadar haar tpn heococha rian eer arsuen in bead lem ba aegsr Setreraton eparvonationParticipant's Manual Poge 35 What to do for dizziness a a meals; gel enough rea «Sand up slowty “Sern rears bt wm When to 580k medical care + seam dazhess: new atures of cea, + Saznece Poul ‘Sat, cota ease + rseing ones arpa Genvulsions = wears { + uncametied, rapid shaking muadae sont and rola ropeaiodly Causes of convulsions spleaty ha iury * naciora ef nen oF spinal cord + ae kr i care ‘rug use. winrar Ge bie ger faa sinie + high aro Hovr to recognize convulsions ray pave an aura no maming signs i * ger sraning wgerouny rene wh ear Hing oF 08; seoaleg + unrspensne: sag ae If + sts strat rites + sfclm may nolremeriberPoge 36 Participant's Manual ‘Convulsions: what to do + Pace ha person ina use ereeormec Cat tr medial aitonce mrmectnety + Pode uta baie aoe + Clear aea of any bya + Supper ahead ae most tne cotvutaonso8 raperson wm 388 +h eer ive roenge bah + Bormdearg, pentn. massing + Say wh peso et a aes Convulsions: what NOT to do +100 NOT hold down he convulsing person +00 NOT place anything in the mouth +00 NOT ty to make the person step canvulsing +19 NOT giva anything by mouth until hev'she [s futy awake and alert Headache + most comman pain cemalaint + may inscats an 4 urdriying discrear ie Causes of headache torsion sims Pe slaving ha eyes sinus iectian sera ¥ setae rom caffeine! drags + brain turars ‘Types of headache + vascular pain an one Orbs see of aa, fe with stomach upsel, aiBoaly seg 4+ muscular ann; wth ligreering of focm and ¢ ack muscles + infammatiory: sims InactionParticipant's Manual Poge 37 ‘What to do for headache “Wast headaches are Ireated willy Dainkilons Gearscetarndd, sapinin, NSAID) *Fortension headache: cool shawer + Hava person retin 2 coal, dart room + Apply cool compress on painhul area sManaage tha scsip + hakage Ihe person nck ard bac. When lo seek medical help + Himadaene praises + Headache wills $17 rch, waiting + Headacha wilh nuréness and weakness SF nem oF lege and aecury speaking Headache afar Maid lay Nosebleed: general causes + injury Fimena + glsmare ¢ madicat conics: + environment tomporaire + changes in abensle Nosobleed: specific causes + nese-piching + facial wanes 4 high blood pressure ‘+ inactions (a9., sargua) + witarnin deficiency + use of medications + bleeding problems First aid for nosebleed I canused by shal fracture: + DONOT step the bleeding + Gover nese with joose, cry sania ressing (Call Tor emergency medical axsiotance ‘tandaed First BlePoge 38 Participant's Manual Whatte de for nosebleed 1 ea fem ku Mature ‘Colm tha victim; havo bir stb ssh head Hed Fonward + DONO Ut head taelwand ‘Pinch victen's noe: hve bien breathe dieough mouth Apply ice pack on nose edge, Torabaad + Dent let vielin rub, Blew pick nous aner aedig alape + Pareston! bieeaing: bring ‘icin to hepa Foreign objact in noso + may ba prasert in child's nose whom any adult being sare may dislodge into the mouth > swaltaed + may ba Inne > blowk ai te Foreign object in nese: symptoms *aimeumy brestring in s atiecled nostri feeling af something inside nose Fraation, poin in nae =fow-smelling oF bloody nasal discharge Foreign object in nose: what ta do ++ Have victim blow out of rasa gerdly + Hlabject is clearly isle, ry to gras t with “wonzars +00 NOT probe tha nese wih cation swab ‘ors tools +00 NOT make the victim inte dep +00 NOT try ta ramave the abject rel “ilbla or sally grasped When to seek medical help + Object cannot ba: removed-only patti tha abject was removed +The objec! poses an d iirmediate danger «Person has a nasebiont that ‘conmot besicppad TrParticipant's Manual Poge 39 Foreign objact in oar + commen amang toddlers * mreoally in ear canal Usual foreign objects in ear * food materia *beeds + mall oye com, sends + insets * hariened earwas may cause similar emer Foreign objectin ear: symptoms ‘earpan decrease: in heaning iesilion to ex eared desire to vai! * bleeding + insacis: buzzing in ‘the ear Foreign object in ear: what to do “IL obect is clearly visible and easily removed, caret remien RAN Pebzars + DG MOT poke inia te ear + DONOT ry lo mmave tha-abjoct by fore + Ineect: put a few droge of baby oil in Fre ear: ‘how the person ill ae gently shake is head {00 NOT uve this malt of thaws i pave Weodng, ori Peres a reve in tne earcrum} * For uegeed reenowat button testary. been (20 NOT lubricate wih wala) When to seek medical help + Object cannot be ered; ont part of the object was removed + Bewnra ear pain Pain, hearing loa m and tiscomiert continues alter ebject isremowedPoge 40 Participant's Manual Eye injuries + Inches, ecateln, objacts ts tha ep, bums, chereicall e_posurg, andl blunt injuries ‘to tho-eye or ayo Cam Feed tabs toss let untreated ‘What todo with objects in the eye + tom clear itso af ny objects threegh Dlinkng and taaring: + Donot torub the eve, ‘+ Wath your hands botora examising ‘+ Examine the aye in a well Aghted area, ‘+ Have the pervon look up and down, shen fram she to cide. What ta de with objects in the eye: you ean fied the abies, z ep the iowa eyehd and sey pul down a lack ured the ker evel *Totoak unter the pers, baee a eer teped a om the ound of ha oper id are spel le the id ever the ‘oiton raab, What to-do with foreign body in the eve + Ha aietis om ane = Bympen herrea sate Tha one cra + Wiha otiects om te ee Tooth hee nal nh oe ‘What to do with Foreign brady embeded in the ava + tase me ctjerin pe * oO MOT to eevee wet CONT Bucnucempty ary pease me + cam a anne tu pre, + aura ta ve + cnmeaeatnev inna,Participant's Manual Poge 4t Wéhot to do foe a persan with eye Tnjary due ta chernicals 1 Fiah-he bred ey ath cet ap mae rien, + sumtimes escnocne id ett ‘inant te Ie Ho He yeh CFE ‘ew rarergsaniat or mu. + bh pena aceon fone cherkts ream omer parse ea taet re feroethea hme + er owing the ahve norco sock ‘ecard What te de for ® person with eve ‘cuts, scratches or blaws = mance hebdache accu win te ee pt Chana avon fa Murra double sont + Uncordroate eg Session 3 CHEST PROBLEMS Session Description Medical emergencies that produce chest problems that are potentially serious conditions will be discussed. These conditions may be caused by medical conditions that decrease the ability of the heart to pump and circulate bload effectively, or the capacity of the airways and lungs to collect enaugh oxygen for the needs of the body. Session Qbjectives After completing this session, participants should be able to: 1 6 6 ° 2. Detect when a persan is suffering from Ainway obstruction Difficulty of breathing not caused by airway obstruction Chest pain Administer the appropriate first aid to persons suffering from these chest problemsPoge 42 Participant's Manual Notes to Participants: 1. Read the Reference Manual. 2 Listen to the lecture, Write your notes on the space provided M2 $3 Slides Notes ‘Moats 2 Medical Preblarms Session I ‘Chest Problems BQ ne B Objectives + Delne! whan 2 porsan i sustoring fom + ainway abstraction + dlMially of bewalting reat causod by airway -ebainactoet + chest pan 1 Adeniiaior Teal all Io porwane sutfaring trom tees chest probiere Airway obstruction Partial ar complete biocksge of airflow ta the lungs = upper airway: becamas blacked and ia vicien cannes breatheParticipant's Manual Poge 43 ‘Causes of choking + seatowing wanout shaning pram + amang + meatowing er iBsinng denies running or talking ‘ris eotng + unalianded chicren Infants placing omyeom inner mosh Signs of mild choking + Aba Wo apes or cough forcstully + Wheezing + Victim halls neck, ‘Signs of severe choking + Unable to speak, breathe or cough + Universal aisiress. signal for choking, + Logw of consciousness: + Bluish discoloration of 08 First aid measures Conscious choking adult + Tell viet you are ‘there to hela + Gallforemergercy atstlance + Abderninal thrustsPoge 44 Participant's Manual Conselous choking adult + Tall ielin you are ‘hare ia help + Gallon emangancy assistanes + Abdominal thrusts: + Cheat mrual Unconscious choking adult + Chock for Paper + Califor hes + Lay the viesin stone + Open the arway: ‘en aH # enim ie Unconscious choking adult Lek inlesthe mouth + Rerave fareigh ‘abjocts + Check for breathing Unconscious choking adult Reescus breaths Placa mouth woe veka moun + een aca Coe Boa fm cme + Check farbeasning + No signs cf ir few > chest compressions Unconscious choking adult + Recovery positon (erent ast emperor taeParticipant's Manual Poge 45 Choking child + foorscious & abdominal truss + Hfuneoersoous > same-a2 fot cheng at ‘Choking infant + Went 3 held nese coum + Sirke fants back ‘Choking infant + Chesl eorermseions + Cate on sent + Hess tower matty + use 2 ingens + saucey ‘Choking infant + Hfunconmcious rescue breathe + Stick tows. 5 ches oreretsons Ea + Sheek ta ae _ bag Difficulty of breathing (dyspn + smazion af shortness of breath accorrperied by t leaned brea " \ re hs BeeniePoge 46 Participant's Manual Causes of difficulty of breathing + copp + sathma + praweceie + hyperveniticn * pulmonary TE ‘socom Hf chest Whatto do for person with dyspnea + Cal farhetp + Koop patanl's maw pan + Provide adequate vention + if patient is breathing comfortably, place in, position of consort + Beek madkal asdstance Ming paler t0 hospital Chest pain -camba caused by asencus ecica eeudon ueh as angina or art attack More likely to sutfer from heart attack + aldasly + hypariansing + man + dapat + fami mistery of + secermary messy heart deeaze + obeee * Meroe + high lovers of stress + high fats of bat scholestere in blood Heart attack: signs and symptoms + chest pain pala, darmony akin ‘amcury breatring sealer memairg, + Mashnass 3 + edezinesa + aun, vowing, + Iigeehoadedness, loss of + weak and rapid pulne eTParticipant's Manual Poge 47 What to do for victim of heart attack + Col tr amorgoney mache ‘eustince + Titi wee, hase fie dog arpactely + Loveen grt dtteg + Acsalmitieainaren liureneeccat lat cht a coegrensiee Une AED aieite Shakey 9 gsm roca beer tar avery 2 sameraustea) + Beng actin ta hema How to give chest compressions: + camber of chest + Or pal arte of ts thar, handsinladoeielng + arene siaight + postman: 2 wena pus fost: 100 per inane + lio erga ta czone a na way bac up ater earn compression Skitts training 1. You will be divided inta groups of $ particigants each and will have at least ane skills trainer as facilitatar during the breakout session. In each group, the skills trainer will conduct a follow-alang demonstration of each of the first aid pracediures for choking. a. Please follow along in pairs with the skills trainer's dermanstratian. One participant in each pair will act as a "conscious chaking adult victim". CPR mannequins are used for demanstrating and practicing giving of rescue breaths. 2. You will be allowed to take Curns practicing the procedures for choking adults, and the — procedures far choking children and infants. Session 4 Abdominal problems Session Description Abdominal problems are unpleasant and uncomfortable, and cause great distress. They can be caused by minor conditions or grave medical disorders, OF the many illnesses affecting the abdomen, two of the mast common conditions, namely, stamachache and diarrhea will be discussed.Page 4 Participant's Manual Session Objectives After completing this session, participants should be able to: 1. Identify causes of stamachache and diarrhea 2 Administer the apprapriate first aid to persons suffering fram these abdominal problems 3. Recognize when to seek medical care far persans suffering from these abdominal problems Notes to Participants 1 Read the Reference Manual before the Session. 2 Listen to the lecture, Write down your notes in the space pravided M254 Slides Notes Modute 2 Mtudioal Packtarns Soaatan 4 Abdominal Problems, Objectives + laeciey canes of + thera + Pronde approprtrta fre me Sor parma mt Stomachache any since ‘mithesiomachyParticipant's Manual Soge 4a ‘Causes of stlomachache + eotzomena + slemact mu f + aos + eget + enaipaion + settee What te do for stomachache ‘+ Mare the peor lie down and real Gien dese us + Eabsmaller personae masts Une a nested pad 1 Rep 8 GoeEain nary Sor reeting ' Rvoming >t, watch ont for signs af ehinration ‘When to seek medical help + tomes tm + sv absorp ewe + Shee mtg tet 1 persnerce brian + trareetewter ey 1 etn mane. at aban Diarrhea ‘frequent, oes, watery sinels +f to hequant ttehyceation, slocrolyia prubioms ‘Causes of diarrheaPoge 50 Participant's Manual ‘What te do for diarrhea (Drink ais of clear tukds, oral rohan olutcn DONOT dnnkeates, alk, ef aoatesie orks RAT. banana, rice, apple, dry} tae DO-NOT take damhes medications undies. ‘acidcad by doclor DO NOT give say, greasy or tally foods ‘When to sook medical help Digna » 3 ye Brnory, Hach, oF a-tocking sincls Dehydkalion: dizziness, weskness: mache eramns Dara ater wating re medicationsParticipant's Manual Page 51 MODULE 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS Module Description This session describes life-threatening emergencies that are caused by exposure te injurious elements in the environment, Being able to recognize the many signs and symptoms of these conditions, as well as giving prompt and correct first aid may be the only thing that will stand between the life and death of these victims of environmental prablems. Module Objectives After completing this module, participants should be able ta: Recognize the signs and symptoms af the fallowing enviranmental emergencies: © allergic reactians . animal bites and stings . paisaning * — heat-related emergencies © drowning Provide first aid to persons suffering from the abave emergencies Module Organization The module is organized into the following sessions: [_ Time Session Content Activities ® Allergic reaction Lecture * Categories of allergens 30 mins | Allergies . Symptoms of —lllergic Reaction . First Aid . Insect bites and stings Lecture . Spider bite and scorpion sting 30 mins | Animal Gites and Stings Marine fife stings * Snake bite . Land animal bites . Ingested poisons Lecture 30 mins | Poisoning * Alcohol intoxication . Inhaled poisons SreePoge 52 Participant's Manual . ‘Absorbed poisons . Heat cramps Heat Stroke and other | # Heat exhaustion 30 mins Lecture Heat Related Problems | # Heat stroke . Sun burn 30 mins | Drowning a First aid for drowned victim | Lecture Session 1 Alkrgies Session Description Allergies can cause minor discomforts, or can lead into serous medical emergencies. The session focuses on allergic reactions, prompt detection and needed interventions. Session Objectives After completing this session, participants will be able to: 1. Recognize the causes of allergic reactions 2 Detect the signs and symptoms of allergic reactions 3. Prowide first aid to persons suffering fram allergic reactions Nates ta Participants: 1 Read the Reference Manual betore the session. 2 Listen to the lecture and write down your notes in the space provided. M351 slides Notes cena Ervianerm iad Protea Session ¥ Allergies nn)Participant's Manual Poge 53 Objectives + Racegnan ease al alae machen Dilact signs are aymiame of allergic romtions © Prowse appeaprisia las ad for persona outring ‘rom alleegie reactions Allergic reaction + everreaction of prctective mechanisms. to substances that ane nomally harmless. + oan be mild oF Mesthrestening Triggers of allergic reactions * insect bites, stings + medications * planis * Wood + chemicals Allargic reaction: signs & symptoms + meeeg + inky remy name 3 tng, | poraiioel cag fan, gbeg, ar tang ing of he skin * evestng ef 08, rac; mands feet snd fcr raga * tighanama in chat x heat Allergic raaction: signs & symptoms _— om) | ro ca Sm Serene a eeePoge 54 Participant's Manual What to de for allergic reaction + umaee ta polenta curon ote atagk maton 1S eshlthn povanin seg ond atoge medeatan + Ca hramongency mac! aeretarca, e9g6cia F Strbeakare ated gated trenton teat cepa Shen grata {jatar sin tame reemustens ee tha patent coat catty ‘aesece CABS. nal comosperehogy Frese Yoeh a Harp potion dent Loan igneaeon Session 2 Animal Bites and Stings Session Description Animal bites and stings that can cause minor problems and discomfarts, but can also lead ta life-threatening after-effects such as severe allergic reactions, dangerous infections, or death are to be discussed during this session. Session Objectives After completing this session, participants should be able ta: 1 Detect the sians and syrnptoms of . Insect bites and stings © Spider bites and scorpion stings . Marine life stings = Snakebite . Land animal bites 2, Administer the appropriate first aid for victims of these problems. Notes te Participants: 1. Prepare for the session by reading the Reference Manual. 2. Listen ta the lecture and write your notes in the space provided W382 slide NotesParticipant's Manual Poge 55 Mocwe 3 Environmental Problerria Sensian 2 Animal Bites and Stings SE samausrnnn — SB Objectives + Detect the atana aid evenpton of Inge bites and stings spider bites avd woorben etna roaring We sings anskebite Toned anima bites * Provide amproprane int aid far victims of thesa ‘animal bales tinge: Insect bites and stings + cause pain, swelling, allergic resetion + can lead to serious illness. oF death Insect bites J stings: signs & symptoms + steer prevent + swag + china _ + dea Mees or head + aber action BoPage 56 Farticipant’s Manual Insect bites / sting: + Rams ata by geet scrapie thin + DG MGT pen fu ategae + pow ela cero Wak or gn lage acten ‘Splder bi scorpion sting + causa pun, sung, ~ shang mnaton, idacton ‘can cause paraiysle fang ean Splder bite; scorpion sting in rag pert 7 pn toa = + am weaing ann Spider bite; scorpion sting + Wash moved wt oa soap ara ante ic may ued + Apply cold comprana + beng vier io hrogpitaly poioen poliokoeetor inmedinely Marine life stings + very panntul wounes may caus savers allergic resetionParticipant's Manual Poge 57 Marine life stings: signs & symptoms sirong, sharp, stinging, radiating pain shin rudness, rash, bilstars bloacing (stingray singh burn Nerang, sin intatiors ‘eaire ta vome, acual verniting, rummnass, muscle spasm, fireh node swelling, bm blood pens sure, headache + severe reactions > paralis, coms, death Jellyfish stings: what te do + Rmeevetim's chaning Ringe atcied area in vnegar for 15-20 minutos + COMOT use frech veter, kee or hal wales + CONOT nub the area + Armee; but OC) HOT mune tha trtacies, + Ging exal pain rakawers + Montoe weim's condo 4 Bhieg wicim in posal Stingray mea urchin stings: what ta do + gn pee st wsshanare te estan oa AIT eae ca + Cover he wound Bing victim ia hosptal or poison enna ebear inreediatey what to do + Clean the area af ihe bike wih soap and ‘water * apply prossure bandage and spr + Maks the victim le dwn qutetty and exrnfortably + Keep victim calm; do mot alow unnecessary moveranis + Bring victen ie hospital animal bte conta meno fePoge 58 Participant's Manual ‘Snakebite: what NOT to do + DONOT suck the wound Wo remot the venom DO NOT apply a touriguat + DONGT apply a cola compress + DONOT irise he hitler area Land animal bites ‘coupe drect damage 12 skin and waft issues + couse infassonss “selora ies | Land animal bites: what to do ‘Wash binan arna wth soap and water for 30 rminules; G0 OT senubs + Coninal bleeding. Cover Wound mah sterile ‘or claan oreesing +erng metin ia hospeat # animal bea exer ienmadialety Session 3 Poisoning Session Description Intentional and accidental poisonings may cause deaths. Non-fatal poisoning also happens during the use af everyday chernicals such as medications, industrial chemicals, cleaning agents, and insecticides. In this session, you will lear about the different poisans, ways by which persons can get poisoned, symptoms/signs of poisoning, and what you have to do as a first aid provider. Although all routes of poisoning are discussed, this session will emphasize the more common means.Participant's Manual Poge 59 Session Objectives After completing this session, participants should be able to: Identity vari Ingested poisons us forms of poisons Inhaled poisans Absorbed poisons Detect the signs and symptoms of poisoning wn eee Administer first aid to persons injured by these poisons Notes ta Participants: 1. Read the Reference Manual. 2. Write down your nates in the space pravided MSS slides Notes Motte 3 Envirarenental Problems Session Paisening S —- @ Objectives + andy various forme af potas © rgseled powons ehaed poisnng absorbed posons + Dalect the nigra and eymploms of poitoring by + ngesiaa poisons + inhaled poisons * abkerbed pasaans, + Adkriniater frat aid to persona inured by these poisons. Polson, ‘amy sabseance that causes ness or cath von amore fhe becty er ceed eentsel wih he surface of ra tonPoge 60 Participant's Manual How do polsons enter the badly? Ingested polsens + averdbve of bated + aseeinga freon + eecciiaes, potcites # ack + ugee tom pasonoes pam * sartarrinand food orsmar ingested polsons: signs & symptoms piraiesseatin Somat on Stee aren setae, Eee fl - Seer donee Ingested poisons: what todo Save poutn conti: Oeit malbe wate {Caniset poste cont carer BORG gua rptry oy em Beng ceri hope Alechol intoxication + when a gone od cohol thar hs bboy cae intra > cocrenend piysical and ‘ostal abaParticipant's Manual Doge 61 Alcohol intoxication * mjerat asset on ‘are tren. tg Hf victim is intoxicated and responsive + Loak orinites 1+ Ponce ince mason hae ehira neve Prater + ina nacre posnonnecoetas vise ‘sca fr ple A anid setae 1 aep ota sah sane urine anon It victim is Intoxicated and unraaponaire| 1 Boek mica oeancebreinndy + Maw sve stay 8.ce0 Esco is beoting Pace woe aise ting poet thor ae sie clin wane spina fe ‘egdate chia body heat DONOT sh angting youth reg cee reg Inhaled poisons, + proses tn nea boy 7 ama, em from eee 1 ember menace f\ Inhaled polsons: signs & symptoms «tem tat : Soe ae : pore anew f Sate od \ * tpapersharanPoge 62 Participant's Manual Inhaled poisons: what to do + etal ee ‘etm from me eererooment ett + ean ainaay coen; ‘make sure cir temaming wean ait + Tako vie to aga Absorbed poisons: ~rher the body by passing Pru ureeban ane, | Absorbad poisons: signs & symptoms + meres ca aie et yah ‘eg akan sale mean Eg teen etreonanan Absorbed polsons: what te do erin ich cating DOPED wp ne etn ser Tages old vs pew bah af acanis + Wash ono ove we air mae ak seis tober eg tt hot For expert advice ‘on any’ poisoning situation eat National Poison Conivot Canter (02) 824-1078Participant's Manual Poge 63 Session 4 Heat stroke and Gther Heat-rested Problems Session Description Heat-indured emergencies (heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke) are often brought about by vigorous physical activity. These emergencies and their management will be discussed. Session Objectives After completing this session, participants shauld be able to: 1 Determine ifa person is suffering from the fallowing heat-related emergencies by detecting their respective signs and symptoms ° heat cramps ° heat exhaustion a heat strake 2 Administer first aid to persons suffering from these heat-related emergencies Notes to Participants 1. Read the Reference Manual 2. Write your notes in the space provided. M54 slides Nates Moda 3 Envimnmentad Preslerns Svesion 4 Heat Stroke and Other Heat-rolated Problems Q@ —-. @ Objectives ‘+ Detornion Fa porgon ie efi trom ra follomng heals emergerore by dedneing ther rect [Link] ayes haat ar + head aenauttas,Poge bt Participant's Manual Wino are prone to heat-related problema? a Pa * meee : acme a —— nT ot Heat cramps: 4+ painful igresrang of muscios shor prolonged use + haaey easing elucrolia instore Pightaring ‘Whal to da for heat cramps + Move victm to eocter amdreamant + Horr ik poyacanes ee + Simich tigen useing, + Loosen light clothing + Peesisteet cramp > fonng vein ts hasgstal Heat exhaustion ‘+ matt commer: haal-rlated emergency + hae! exposure 3 haawy swusting > wwaler lars, facrotyle mbalonce + worsoned by stress anatase Heal exhaustion: + gnomes moms + pate meiat cool shin i OEP + drytenguaheat——*‘Roadache f fainteans —* ROH Cub : + posal oF sgh nightoayParticipant's Manual Page 65 What to do for heat exhaustion Mao ee ite ete + Rervaen vee cog es traces cme 2 po + Rhewedchieesein Sg aa gi oct Sots . + Gawd eer beg verwenageal| Heat stroke ‘most serious host related ilies + oe of eonseieusrass ‘cam lead ta death f urreated Heat stroke: signs + liking change in babar > loss of + son x Maced ho, dy * rap, wou pula and breating ‘wnat to do for heat stroke Sar rete cod war a (a ihr 1 arg sisi ea hontai ‘Sunburn + gue too much sun expbaure + pain, redness, blistering * can tase headache, neues, TatiqusPoge 66 Participant's Manual What te do for sunburn Goon 20! bath of ahem App metstarzeg mon Leeewn bbe act Gove pain rere, ‘Wear ore cating, Conk: plenty of fui DO NOT agety eoveum it, butler, of or wiber Pome romaston| Session 5 Drowning Sessian Description In this session, the focus is recognition of a drowning wictim and the proger first aid for the victim, Session Objectives After completing this session, participants should be able to: 1 Recognize signs of drowning 2. Describe appropriate procedures for rescuing a drowning persan 3. Administer first aid to victims of drowning Notes to Participants 1 Read the Reference Manual Listen to the lecture and write your notes on the space provided. M385 slides Notes Crowning . —