National University – Manila

Civil Engineering Department

CE Integration Course 1

ALGEBRA – TRIGONOMETRY
ALGEBRA
INEQUALITIES
EQUATIONS An inequality is a statement that two
An equation (or equality) is a statement that quantities or expressions are not equal.
two quantities or expressions are equal.
Problem 5.
Equations with Rational Expression For a drug to have a beneficial effect, its
Problem 1. concentration in the bloodstream must
Solve for the value of x and y in the exceed a certain value, which is called the
equation: minimum therapeutic level. Suppose that the
1 1 1 1 2 concentration c (in mg/L) of a particular drug
+ = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − = 0 t hours after it is taken orally is given by
𝑥 𝑦 2 𝑥 𝑦
20𝑡
𝑐= 2
Ans. x = 3, y = 6 𝑡 +4
If the minimum therapeutic level is 4 mg/L,
Linear Equations determine when this level is exceeded.
Problem 2. Ans. 1 < t < 4 or (1, 4)
A total of $18,000 is invested, some in
stocks and some in bonds. If the amount VARIATION
invested in bonds is half that invested in In some scientific investigations, the
stocks, how much is invested in each terminology of variation or proportion is used to
category? describe relationships between variable
Ans. $12,000 (stocks), quantities.
$6,000 (bonds)
Problem 6.
Problem 3. The quantity-of water discharged over a
Two cities are connected by means of a rectangular weir is directly proportional to
highway. A car leaves city B at 1:00 P.M. and the crest length and three-halves the power
travels at a constant rate of 40 mi/hr toward of the head (height of water above the crest).
city C. Thirty minutes later, another car If the rate of discharge over a weir having a
leaves B and travels toward C at a constant crest length of 3 m and a head of 0.70 m is
rate of 55 mi/hr. If the lengths of the cars are 3.23 m/sec, find the rate of discharge over a
disregarded, at what time will the second car weir having a crest length of 6 m and a head
reach the first car? of 1.40 m.
Ans. 18.27 m3/s
Ans. 2:50 pm

Quadratic Equations EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS

Problem 4.
A jumbo chocolate bar with a rectangular Problem 7.
shape measures 12 centimeters in length, In 1938, a federal law establishing a
7 centimeters in width, and 3 centimeters in minimum wage was enacted, and the wage
thickness. Due to escalating costs of cocoa, was set at $0.25 per hour; the wage had
management decides to reduce the volume risen to $5.15 per hour by 1997. Find a
of the bar by 10%. To accomplish this simple exponential function of the form 𝑦 =
reduction, management decides that the 𝑎𝑏 𝑡 that models the federal minimum wage
new bar should have the same 3 centimeter for 1938–1997.
thickness, but the length and width of each Ans. y = 0.25 (1.053)t
should be reduced an equal number of
centimeters. What should be the dimensions
of the new candy bar?
Ans. 11.55 cm x 6.55 cm x 3 cm
Prepared by: Engr. Sonnie Boy B. Balictar
 National University – Manila
Civil Engineering Department
CE Integration Course 1

ALGEBRA – TRIGONOMETRY
LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS The amount of Colombian is to be three
times the amount of Costa Rican. Find the
Problem 8. amount of each type of coffee in the blend.
Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is a Ans. 0.375 lbs (Colombian)
measure of the amount of alcohol in a 0.125 lbs (Costa Rican)
person’s bloodstream. For example, if an 0.5 lbs (Kenyan)
individual with a BAC of 0.02% is 1.4 times
as likely to have a car accident as an SEQUENCES
individual that has not been drinking, the
relative risk of an accident with a BAC of Arithmetic Sequence
0.02% is 1.4. Recent medical research Problem 12.
suggests that the relative risk R of having an A restaurant has square tables which seat
accident while driving a car can be modeled four people per table. When two tables are
by an equation of the form placed together, six people can be seated. If
𝑅 = 𝑒 𝑘𝑥 you have 22 guests in your party and you
where x is the percent of concentration of want them to sit together in a very long table,
alcohol in the bloodstream and k is a how many of these square tables should the
constant. restaurant staff put together?
a. Find the constant k in the equation. Ans. 10
Ans. 16.82
b. Using this value of k, what is the relative Problem 13.
risk if the concentration is 0.17%? A carpenter wishes to construct a ladder with
Ans. 17.5 nine rungs whose lengths decrease
uniformly from 24 inches at the base to 18
SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS inches at the top. Determine the lengths of
the seven intermediate rungs.
Problem 9. Ans. 18.75, 19.50, 20.25, 21.00,
A motorboat, operating at full throttle, made 21.75, 22.50, 23.25
a trip 4 miles upstream (against a constant
current) in 15 minutes. The return trip (with Problem 14.
the same current and at full throttle) took 12 A ceramic tile floor is designed in the shape
minutes. Find the speed of the current and of a trapezoid 20 feet wide at the base and
the equivalent speed of the boat in still 10 feet wide at the top. The tiles, 12 inches
water. by 12 inches, are to be placed so that each
Ans. Vboat = 18mph, successive row contains one less tile than
Vcurrent = 2mph the preceding row. How many tiles will be
required?
Problem 10. Ans. 165
How many gallons of a 30% acid-solution
must be added to an unknown quantity of Geometric Sequence
70% acid-solution to make 50 gallons of a Problem 15.
40% acid-solution? An amount of money worth P15,000 was
Ans. 37.5 gal borrowed at a rate of interest of 8% per year.
If the interest is added to the principal every
Problem 11. year, how much must be repaid after 6
A shop specializes in preparing blends of years?
gourmet coffees. From Colombian, Costa Ans. 23,803.11
Rican, and Kenyan coffees, the owner
wishes to prepare 1-pound bags that will sell
for $12.50. The cost per pound of these
coffees is $14, $10, and $12, respectively.

Prepared by: Engr. Sonnie Boy B. Balictar

 National University – Manila
Civil Engineering Department
CE Integration Course 1

ALGEBRA – TRIGONOMETRY
Problem 16. of 9° directly away from the sun casts a
A man wishes to save money by setting shadow 21 feet long on level ground.
aside 1 cent the first day, 2 cents the second Approximate the length of the pole.
day, 4 cents the third day, and so on. Ans. 32.9
a. If he continues to double the amount set
aside each day, how much must he set Problem 21.
aside on the fifteenth day? Coast Guard Station Zulu is located 120
Ans. 16,384 miles due west of Station X-ray. A ship at
b. Assuming he does not run out of money, sea sends an SOS call that is received by
what is the total amount saved at the each station. The call to Station Zulu
end of the 30 days? indicates that the bearing of the ship from
Ans. 1,073,741,823 Zulu is N40°E (40° east of north).The call to
Station X-ray indicates that the bearing of
Problem 17. the ship from X-ray is N30°W (30° west of
Given a triangle, a sequence of triangles is north). How far is each station from the ship?
constructed by joining the midpoints of the Ans. 111 (Sta. Zulu from ship),
sides of the previous triangle. If the original 98 (Sta. X-ray from ship)
triangle has perimeter 10 cm, what is the
total perimeter of the triangles in the LAW OF COSINES
sequence? Problem 22.
Ans. 20 A motorized sailboat leaves Naples, Florida,
bound for Key West, 150 miles away.
TRIGONOMETRY Maintaining a constant speed of 15 miles per
hour, but encountering heavy crosswinds
and strong currents, the crew finds, after 4
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
hours, that the sailboat is off course by 20º.
Problem 18.
What is the total length of the trip?
Find the values of the six trigonometric
Ans. 156 miles
functions of for the triangle given in the
figure.
Problem 23.
A vertical pole 40 feet tall stands on a hillside
that makes an angle of 17° with the
horizontal. Approximate the minimal length
of cable that will reach from the top of the
pole to a point 72 feet downhill from the base
of the pole.
Ans. sin θ = 3/5, cos θ = 4/5, Ans. 92 ft.
tan θ = 3/4, csc θ = 5/3,
sec θ = 5/4, cot θ = 4/3
Reference:
Problem 19. College algebra / Michael Sullivan.—9th ed.
An observer notes that the angle of elevation Trigonometry / Michael Sullivan.—9th ed.
from point A to the top of a space shuttle is
27.2º. From a point 17.5 meters further from
the space shuttle, the angle of elevation is
23.9º. Find the height of the space shuttle.
Ans. 56.3 m

LAW OF SINES
Problem 20.
When the angle of elevation of the sun is
64°, a telephone pole that is tilted at an angle
Prepared by: Engr. Sonnie Boy B. Balictar