1.
Describe the novice to expert theory and their distinguish characteristics
Novice- the person has no background experience of the situation in which he/she is involved. There
is difficulty discerning between relevant and irrelevant aspects of the situation. Generally this level
applies to nursing student
Advanced beginner- when the person Can demonstrate marginally acceptable performance having
coped with enough real situations to note or to have pointed out by mentor., the recurring
meaningful components of the situation. Nurses functioning at this level are guided by the rules and
oriented by task completion. Still requires mentor or experience nurse assist with defining situations,
to set priorities and to integrate practical knowledge
Competent- after 2 to 3 years in same area of nursing, the nurse moves into competent stage of skill
acquisition. Most pivotal in clinical learning because the learner must begin to recognize patterns
and determine which elements of situation needs attentions and which can be ignored. The
competent nurse devises new rules and reasoning procedures for a plan while applying learned rules
for action on the basis of relevant facts of situation
Proficient- 3 to 5 years in same nursing area. The nurse posses deep understanding of situations as
they occur less conscious planning is necessary, critical thinking and decision making skis have
developed. The performer perceives information as whole rather than in terms of aspects and
performance. Nurses demonstarte new ability to see changing relevance in a situation including the
recognitiom and implementation of skills responses tp, the situations as it revolve
Expert- five years or greater. They no longer rely on analytic principle the situation is to appropriate
action. Expert. Nurse, with enormous backgroud of experience, now has an intuitive grasp of each
situation to accurate region of problem without wasteful unfruitful, alternative dx and solutions.
Experts operates from deep understanding of total situations
2. Novice- novice needs either self-observation or instructional feedback. for example a nurse learning
to use a new hospital information system needs explicitinstructionand rules tolearn to use the
computer interface and manipulate software
Advanced beginner –
Competent- this stage of learning is often characterizedby term problem solving. A competent nurse
would be able to use hospital information system with ease and know how to problem solve
technical difficulties or interpret conflictibg data
Proficient- the proficient hospital informatiob system learner would know how to interpret data
from all departmental information and provide guidance to other disciplinary members as needed
Expert-
DIKW
DATA- 48 years old male patient of average height who is slightly overweight. The patient’srecent
record blood test indicates that he has impaired glucose tolerance and slightly high cholesterol
INFORMATION- the nurse discuss the results of blood test and invites him to return for follow up
check up. The second blood test indicates higher glucose level and same high cholesterol
KNOWLEDGE – the nurse takes the information, refers to the patient electronic health record and
discovers that the patient has a family history of diabetes. This data, added to the information from
blood test, allows the nurse to determine the patient has type 2 diabetes
WISDOM- the nurse determines the most appropriate strategy for addressing this patient’s diabetes.
Because the patient does not have a personal history with diabetes and its relatively young, the
nurse discusses lifestyle interventions to manage his glucose levels. If after 6 months, the patient
glucose is not within normal range, the nurse and physician will consider medications and other
treatment options
