Health Education Methods

and Materials

Edosa A (MPH, PhD Fellow)

idoamante07@[Link]

May, 20205

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 HLM…

 Health learning materials: are those teaching aids

which give information and instruction about
health specifically directed to a clearly defined
group of audience.

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Role of IEC materials in behavior change
communication
 Can speak to the people without the presence of
communicator.

 Itserves as transferring of health message or acts as

channel to carry a message to target audiences.

 Can enhance the understanding, the credibility and

the believability of health message.

 It can remind the public the message they can

received from different sources.
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Role…

 It can motivate the public to seek for further

information.

 Some IEC materials serve as means of

delivering health message on very sensitive
issues. For example, leaflets

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Health Learning Materials (HLMs)

There are four types of health

learning materials:

1. Printed HLMs
2. Visual HLMs
3. Audio HLMs
4. Audio-visual HLMs

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1. Printed health learning materials
 It is the production of multiple copies of an
original image usually using ink pressed on to
paper.

 It involves the exchange of facts, ideas, and

opinions through a written instrument
/materials.

 It can be used as a medium in its own right or

as support for other kinds of media.
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Print materials ….

 Example of print IEC materials

1. Poster
2. flipcharts
3. leaflets
4. booklets
5. cards
6. News paper etc.

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 Poster
 Poster is a large
sheet of paper
ranging in size
from large bill
boards to small
notices.

• But often it has

a size of 40cm
wide and 60cm
high.

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Poster ..
A poster consists
of ;
 words and
 pictures or
symbols that
include a
message on it.

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Content of poster
 All words in a
poster should be in
language the
community
understand or in
two languages.

 The words should

be few and simple
to understand
slogan -contain a
maximum of 7
words.

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content …

 The symbols/
picture used
should be
understood
irrespective of
educational
status.

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content…
 Put only one idea on a poster.

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 content…
 The poster should encourage practice-action
oriented.

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content…
 It is better to use life picture if possible.

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content …
The picture/message should not be out of reality

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The synchronize between the text and picture
and color should be eye catching

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 Posters should
contain the
following
information

 The year of
publication
 The place
 The
sponsoring
organization

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Purpose of posters

• To reinforce/remind a message the public is

receiving through other channels.

• To give information and advice. E.g. learn more

about malaria!

• To give directions and instructions for actions.

E.g. a poster about malaria prevention methods.

• To announce important events and programs. E.g.

World Malaria Day.

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 Poster utilization

• Store poster in safe place

• Post them in a place where many people can see

them when passing by (e.g. market places, meeting
halls, etc.)

• Ask permission before putting poster on a house or

building.

• Use as teaching aid to support your communication

• Never put posters on sacred or worshipping places.

• Do not leave a poster up for long time.

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Misused poster

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Misused poster

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 Flip chart
• Are a series of pictures
that are bound together,
usually at the top, and can
be turned over by the
educator.

• A flip chart is made up of

a number of posters on a
related subject that are
shown one after the other.

• Are good to present

several steps or aspects of
a central topic

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Flip charts …

Purpose
• To give information and instructions
Content
• There should be a single separate idea on a
chart.
• The arrangement should follow a logical
order.
• Five is a good number of charts to put in a
flip chart

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Flip chart…

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Leaflet or flyer (handbill)

 Leaflet or flyer is usually a short, often urgent,

written message printed on just one side of
single a standard weight paper.

 Once there are more than five sheets it is

common to use the term ‘booklets’.

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Brochure

 A brochure is a glorified leaflet.

 It is still a single sheet of paper but it's longer,
folded up in ½ or 1/3 and printed on both sides.

 It can explain things in more detail. It is useful for

long-term use and is less likely to be thrown away.

 We can fit more material into a brochure.

 Leaflet and brochures are the most common way of
using print media in health education.

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Purpose of flyers and brochures

 They are useful reinforcement for individual and

group sessions
 Serve as a reminder of the main points that you
have made.

 They are also helpful for sensitive subjects.

 Can provide people with enough basic

information to encourage them to ask for more.

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Leaflet/brochures …

 The content of the leaflet/brochures should

CARE and KISS

 C be clear – have something to say and say it

 A be accurate – aim at precise
 R make it readable – use familiar words, and
active verbs
 E have empathy – never forget that you are
writing for another person

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2. Visual healthlearningmaterials

• Include something seen, for example models, real

objects, and photographs. Written words are not
included under visuals.

• Visuals are one of the strongest methods of

communicating messages, especially where literacy
status is low.

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Visuals ….

Real objects

 Are just that-real. If your display is on

‘family planning methods’, you would display
real IUDs, pills, condoms, diaphragms, and
foams.

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Models
 Are three dimensional objects which look
like the real objects.
 Models might be used for 3 reasons:

1. If the real objects are not available

2. If the real object is too big to display.
3. If the real object is too small to be seen
easily.

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 3. Audio Health Learning Materials

 Includes any thing heard such as spoken word,

health talk, music, sound, etc.

 Radio and audio cassettes are common audio

aids.

 They are easily forgotten.

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 Radio is a very powerful tool because no other mass
media reaches more people than radio.

 Radio can reinforce the advice that people receive

through other channels.

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Audio …

 Some example of audio materials

 Radio cassette

 Radio program, radio spot

 Real life history presentation programs )

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Audio visual Health Learning Material

 Audio visuals are multi-sensory materials-

combine both seeing and listening

 They convey messages with high motivational

appeals.

 It show real life situation and entertainable.

 These materials include TV, projected materials,

films or videos,
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Production of IEC
materials

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Steps of IEC material production

• IEC material production team should follow a set

of fundamental guidelines in planning, design (or
adaptation) and production of IEC materials.

• There is a clear, six–step approach, with each

step supporting the next.

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Steps in IEC materials production

6) Monitor 1) Select
use and appropriate
impact of IEC
materials materials

5) Assess
2) Develop
pretest
a creative
results and
brief
revise

3) Prepare
4) Pretest draft/protot
materials ype IEC
materials

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Step 1: Selecting the most appropriate
IEC material
 Health HE/HP messages are not necessarily
expressed with equal ease or effectiveness by all IEC
materials.

 The decision in selecting IEC materials should be

based on what the target audience
 Take into account the channel, stage of behavior
change, the message to be conveyed , cost of
production and distribution, reach or frequency

 For better impact media mix

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Step 2: Developing a Creative Brief

• Before beginning the actual design of IEC

materials, the IEC material development team
should prepare a "creative brief" for each material
to be prepared
 It means translate target audience background
information (formative research results) into
actual materials,

 It ensures that health promotion interventions

reflect and address the concerns and needs of the
target audience
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Step Three: Preparing draft of IEC materials ( or adapting
existing materials)

 Preparation –start from the beginning!

 Adapting – modifying existed one !

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 Step four: Pretesting of the draft IEC materials

 Pretesting: is testing the draft materials or

concepts and messages with representatives of
target audience before the materials are produced
in their final form.

 Pretesting draft materials can help determine

whether the IEC material and message is
acceptable to the intended target audience

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Step 4…

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Step 6. Monitoring the use and impact of
IEC materials
 Monitoring of IEC materials refers to the review
and supervision of distribution and usage
activities.

 Findings are used to improve distribution

systems, the use of materials, and the future
design of materials

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THANK YOU FOR
YOUR ATTENTION
!!
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