Fundamentals of ICT (ICE-1101)
Course Details: ICE-1101 – Fundamentals of Information and Communication Technology
Overview
This is a first-year, first-semester theoretical course designed to introduce students to the
foundational concepts of Information and Communication Technology.
Course Code & Structure
• Theory: ICE-1101 (3 credits, 3 hours/week)
• Lab (sessional): ICE-1102 – Fundamentals of ICT Sessional (1.5 credits, 3 hours/week)
Content Highlights
The course covers a broad range of key topics, including:
• Concept of ICT: distinctions between data, information, and knowledge; data
processing cycles.
• Information vs Communication Technology: definitions, convergence, types, adoption
progress.
• Role and Impact of ICT: economic development, societal effects, ethics, and ICT
Act/policy.
• Computer Basics:
o Evolution, generations, classifications.
o Architecture: CPU, motherboard, machine cycle, bus, instruction sets.
o I/O devices: keyboards, mice, scanners, cameras, printers, displays, etc.
• Memory & Storage: RAM, ROM, HDDs, SSDs, optical storage, flash memory, cache,
smart cards.
• Software Fundamentals:
o System software: operating systems (e.g., DOS, Windows, MacOS, UNIX/Linux,
Android, iOS), embedded OS.
o Application software: word processors, spreadsheets, presentation tools,
firmware, BIOS, boot process.
• Networking Basics:
o Types of networks (LAN, WAN, CAN, MAN, HAN), topologies, network media and
devices.
o Data communication modes, wireless systems (Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, WiMax),
mobile communications (GSM, CDMA).
o Internet technologies: Intranet, Extranet, WWW, VOIP, e-commerce, mobile
banking, online services.
• Intro to Databases & Programming:
o DBMS, RDBMS, normalization.
o Programming fundamentals: algorithms, flowcharts, pseudocode, machine
code, compilers/interpreters.
Recommended Textbooks:
1. Peter Norton – Introduction to Computers
2. Dennis P. Curtin – Information Technology – The Breaking Wave
Reference Books:
1. E. Balagurusamy – Fundamentals of Computers
2. V. Rajaraman – Fundamentals of Computers
Additional Insights
• A lab report titled Experiment No. 01: To create a paragraph, a table, and some
equations using MS Word clearly indicates practical assignments for this course under
ICE-1101’s umbrella.
• The PUST ICE department was established around 2011, focusing on producing
graduates with both theoretical knowledge and practical skills, supported by well-
equipped labs and a vibrant academic environment.
• Summary Table
Component Details
Course Code ICE-1101 (theory); ICE-1102 (sessional/lab)
Credits/Hours Theory: 3 credits (3 h/week); Lab: 1.5 credits (3 h/week)
ICT concepts, computer basics, storage, software, networking, internet,
Core Topics
DB & programming
Practical
Lab sessions with MS Word and other basic computing tasks
Component
Component Details
Textbooks Peter Norton; Dennis Curtin; Balagurusamy; Rajaraman
Theory (ICE-1101)
1. Basic Concepts of ICT
o Difference between Data, Information, and Knowledge
o Data Processing Cycle
o Difference and relationship between ICT and Communication Technology
o Role and impact of ICT in society and economy
o ICT Law and Policy in Bangladesh
2. Computer Basics
o History, generations, and classification of computers
o CPU, Motherboard, Bus, Machine Cycle, Instruction Set
o Input/Output devices (Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Printer, Monitor, etc.)
3. Memory & Storage
o RAM, ROM, Cache, Flash Memory
o HDD, SSD, Optical Discs, Smart Cards
4. Software
o System Software (Operating Systems – Windows, Linux, MacOS, Android)
o Application Software (MS Word, Excel, PowerPoint, etc.)
o Firmware, BIOS, Boot Process
5. Networking Fundamentals
o Types of Networks: LAN, WAN, MAN, CAN, HAN
o Network Topologies, Network Devices, Transmission Media
o Data Communication Modes
o Wireless Technologies (Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, WiMAX, GSM, CDMA)
6. Internet & Online Services
o Internet, Intranet, Extranet
o WWW, Email, VOIP, E-Commerce, Mobile Banking
7. Database Basics
o DBMS, RDBMS, Normalization
8. Introduction to Programming
o Algorithm, Flowchart, Pseudocode
o Compiler, Interpreter, Machine Code
Practical / Lab (ICE-1102)
• MS Word: Create paragraphs, tables, equations
• MS Excel: Data entry, formulas, charts/graphs
• MS PowerPoint: Slide design, animations
• Internet & Email: Searching, downloading, sending/receiving emails
• Basic Networking Tools: IP checking, ping test
• Simple Programming Practice: Flowcharts and basic programs
Recommended Books
• Peter Norton – Introduction to Computers
• Dennis Curtin – Information Technology: The Breaking Wave
• E. Balagurusamy – Fundamentals of Computers
1. Basic Concepts of ICT
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) refers to the combination of technologies
used to manage and communicate information. It involves computers, telecommunications,
and broadcasting, as well as related software and applications. ICT includes everything from
email and social media to complex data processing systems. Understanding ICT starts with
recognizing its two core functions: processing information (using computers) and
communicating it (using networks). ICT plays a vital role in almost every sector — education,
healthcare, business, government — by improving efficiency and enabling global connectivity.
Key terms in ICT include data (raw facts), information (processed data), hardware (physical
devices), and software (programs that run on hardware). The importance of ICT lies in its
ability to store large amounts of information, process it quickly, and transmit it over long
distances in seconds. With advancements in artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and
mobile technologies, ICT has become even more powerful. A solid understanding of ICT
basics gives you the foundation to explore more advanced topics like programming,
networking, and cybersecurity.
2. Computer Basics
A computer is an electronic machine that processes data and produces information based on
instructions. Its basic components can be divided into hardware and software. Hardware
includes the Central Processing Unit (CPU), input devices (keyboard, mouse), output devices
(monitor, printer), storage devices (hard drives, SSDs), and communication devices (network
cards). The CPU, often called the “brain” of the computer, contains the Control Unit (CU),
which directs operations, and the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), which performs calculations.
Software is a set of instructions that tells hardware what to do. It is classified into system
software (like operating systems) and application software (like Microsoft Word).
Understanding how computers work also involves knowing about the input–process–output
cycle. Input devices feed data to the system, the CPU processes it, and output devices
present the results. Computers are also categorized into types such as desktops, laptops,
tablets, servers, and supercomputers. In ICT, mastering computer basics ensures you can
efficiently use, maintain, and troubleshoot systems in both personal and professional
environments.
3. Memory & Storage
Memory and storage are critical for a computer’s performance. Memory usually refers to RAM
(Random Access Memory), which is temporary and volatile — meaning data is lost when the
power is off. RAM stores data and instructions the CPU needs immediately. ROM (Read-Only
Memory) is permanent memory containing essential instructions for booting the system.
Cache memory, located inside or close to the CPU, stores frequently used data for faster
access. Storage refers to devices that hold data permanently, such as Hard Disk Drives
(HDDs), Solid State Drives (SSDs), CDs, DVDs, and USB drives. Storage is measured in bytes
(GB, TB), while memory is also measured in bytes but is much smaller in size compared to
storage. An important concept is the difference between primary storage (RAM, ROM) and
secondary storage (HDD, SSD). Efficient use of memory and storage ensures that systems run
smoothly, applications load quickly, and large amounts of data can be retained for future use.
In ICT, understanding these concepts is essential for system configuration, troubleshooting,
and optimization.
4. Software
Software is the collection of programs and instructions that enable a computer to perform
specific tasks. It is generally divided into two categories: system software and application
software. System software includes operating systems (Windows, macOS, Linux) that manage
hardware and software resources, as well as utility programs for tasks like virus scanning and
file management. Application software includes programs like Microsoft Office, web
browsers, and games — all designed for end users. Software development involves writing
code in programming languages like Python, Java, or C++. Updates and patches are important
to fix bugs, improve performance, and enhance security. Understanding software also
includes knowing about open-source software (free to use and modify) and proprietary
software (requires a license). In ICT, software acts as the bridge between user and hardware,
making it a fundamental area of study for problem-solving, automation, and innovation.
5. Networking Fundamentals
Networking is the practice of linking computers and devices to share information and
resources. Networks are classified based on area: LAN (Local Area Network) for small areas,
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) for cities, and WAN (Wide Area Network) for large distances
— the Internet is the biggest WAN. Networks use topologies (bus, star, ring, mesh) to define
their structure. Devices like routers, switches, and hubs control data flow. Communication in
networks happens through protocols like TCP/IP, which define how data is packaged,
transmitted, and received. Network security involves firewalls, encryption, and authentication
to protect data. Understanding networks is key for accessing the internet, sharing files, and
enabling cloud computing. In ICT, networking knowledge is vital for system administration,
web services, and cybersecurity.
6. Internet & Online Services
The Internet is a global network of networks that uses TCP/IP protocols to connect millions of
devices worldwide. It offers services like the World Wide Web (WWW), email, VoIP (voice calls
over the internet), cloud storage, social media, and e-commerce. The WWW is made up of
websites and web pages accessible through browsers like Chrome and Firefox, using
HTTP/HTTPS protocols. Search engines (Google, Bing) help users find information. Email
remains one of the most used communication tools, while services like Zoom and Google
Meet allow real-time video conferencing. Cloud services like Google Drive and Dropbox store
data online for easy access from anywhere. The internet has revolutionized communication,
education, and business, but it also brings challenges like cybersecurity threats,
misinformation, and privacy concerns. Understanding how to use the internet safely and
effectively is a core ICT skill.
7. Database Basics
A database is an organized collection of data that allows easy storage, retrieval, and
management. A Database Management System (DBMS), such as MySQL, PostgreSQL, or
Oracle, is used to handle these operations. Relational Databases (RDBMS) organize data into
tables (rows and columns) with relationships between them. Data can be manipulated using
Structured Query Language (SQL) for tasks like retrieving records or updating entries.
Databases ensure data integrity, security, and accessibility, which is critical for organizations
handling large volumes of information. They are used in almost every ICT application — from
websites and banking systems to hospital records. Understanding database concepts allows
ICT students to design efficient data systems, ensure backups, and maintain data quality.
8. Introduction to Programming
Programming is the process of writing instructions that a computer can execute. These
instructions are written in programming languages such as Python, Java, or C++. The process
begins with problem analysis, followed by designing a solution in the form of an algorithm
(step-by-step procedure) and flowcharts (visual representation of steps). The source code is
then written, compiled or interpreted, tested, and debugged. Programming allows for
automation, application development, and problem-solving. It requires logical thinking,
creativity, and attention to detail. High-level languages are easier for humans to understand,
while low-level languages like assembly are closer to machine code. In ICT, programming is
not only about writing code — it’s about creating solutions, whether for web applications,
mobile apps, artificial intelligence, or embedded systems.
