SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND SOCIAL CONFLICT: RACE

ESSAY 1

Table of Contents

Introduction................................................................................................................................2

Discussion..................................................................................................................................2

Conclusion..................................................................................................................................3

References..................................................................................................................................4
ESSAY 2

Introduction

Racism has been observed to be a significant form of discrimination all across the

world. This particular term refers to a certain kind of prejudice towards an individual or

community, primarily based on the colour of skin. Racism has formed several kinds of

discrimination and made people marginalized. Racism has structured a belief of superiority of

a community or institution on the others. In this essay, different forms of racism and their

impacts will be discussed and the existence of racism in day-to-day life will be detailed.

Discussion

The formation of racism as a societal structure has been different from one place to

the other across the globe. The very term ‘race’ has been infrequently used to identify groups

of people with certain commonalities, connections or kinship. According to Heng (2018),

race can be considered to be a ‘human invention’ and in modern times it is used for

discrimination and abduction of human rights. In human history, races are structured as

‘white’ and ‘slave’ (Heng, 2018). This shows the major idea of discrimination formed by the

Europeans during the Renaissance. This has widened the ways for colonization as the

Europeans have justified themselves to be a superior race altogether.

With the help of racism, enslavement has been formed in the modern world. In ancient

times, slavery was primarily structured depending on faiths, religions and hierarchy

(Sawchuk, 2021). The development of some nations has been based on race. The formation

of America has been racial and people with black skin colour has been considered to be

inferior in the country overtimes. Even in recent times, black Americans have faced sufficient

amounts of torture. The Black Panther movement, slogans such as “black lives matter” and so

on signify the condition of racial discrimination in the country (Alonge-Moore, 2019). For

centuries, the Britishers have considered the colonized people to be of inferior races and
ESSAY 3

found themselves to be responsible to educate them. In Germany too, Adolf Hitler considered

the Germans to be the purest race and the true Aryans for which they should be allowed to

rule over the whole world.

In recent years ‘critical race theory’ has been severely attacked in America.

According to the scholars the American public policies and discourses have been structured

depending on racism (Sawchuk, 2021). The scholars found the idea of racism not to be

individual or a product of bias but also embedded in the legal and constitutional systems.

Primarily the ‘critical race theory’ considers all white people to be racist and denies the

choice of the white individuals (Delgado & Stefancic, 2017). A certain understanding of

racism has fueled discrimination too. Racism has formed stereotypes that are still present in

advertisements. Majorly beauty products have glorified whiteness in colour. Weddings are

mostly advertised by white people too. Such representations can widen the paths of white

chauvinism and damage the accurate picture of other racial communities (Davis, 2018). In

media, the black population is advertised for non-occupational or leisurely roles. The

positions of black people are being damaged with this and their professional skills are also

being judged incorrectly.

Conclusion

Observing discrimination formed by racism, human rights groups have formed many

movements. The quality of life has been asked to be improved for the minorities and equality

is demanded to be ensured. In recent times, corporate organizations are advertising their

products to reduce stereotypes and ensure the development of the marginalised races.
ESSAY 4

References

Alonge-Moore, S. (2019). From Black Power to Black Lives Matter: Using Rita Williams-

Garcia’s One Crazy Summer to Navigate Intergenerational Tensions of the Civil

Rights Movement (s). The Looking Glass: New Perspectives on Children's

Literature, 22(1). [Link]

Davis, J. F. (2018). Selling whiteness?–A critical review of the literature on marketing and

racism. Journal of Marketing Management, 34(1-2), 134-177.

[Link]

Delgado, R., & Stefancic, J. (2017). Critical race theory. New York University Press.

Heng, G. (2018). INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER OF THE INVENTION OF RACE IN THE

EUROPEAN MIDDLE AGES (Cambridge UP, March 8, 2018). THE INVENTION

OF RACE IN THE EUROPEAN MIDDLE AGES, 1-14.

[Link]

Sawchuk, S. (2021). What Is Critical Race Theory, and Why Is It Under Attack?. Education

Week. Retrieved 28 October 2021, from [Link]

critical-race-theory-and-why-is-it-under-attack/2021/05.