Mapúa University

School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering

ME158P-2

INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING

Assignment # 1

Parua, Paul Nicola

Pulido, Logan

Rafa, Ralph Adrian

Raza, Duque Del Mar

Gatpu, Dikimbie Aldrei

Date Submitted: February 29, 2024

Engr. Michael Magpusao

 INSTRUCTOR

Pulido, Logan
Problem #1 October 1994
Calculate the energy transfer rate across 6 in. wall of firebrick with a temperature difference
across the wall of 50ºC. The thermal conductivity of the firebrick is 0.65 BTU/hr-ft-ºF at the
temperature interest.
A. 285 W/m^2
B. 369 W/m^2
C. 112 W/m^2
D. 429 W/m^2
Diagram:

∆ t=50 ˚ C

t1 t2

X = 6 in.

Given:
X = 6 inches
∆t = 50ºC
K = 0.65 BTU/hr-ft-ºF

Solution:

Q ( 0.65 ) ( 90 )
Q=
KA ∆ t Q K ∆ t
x A
=
x
∆ t=50
9
5 ()
=90˚ F
A
=
Btu
0.50 hr−ft−˚ F
Btu
x=6 inches=0.5 ft k =0.65 then:
hr−ft−˚ F
 ( )
Q Btu 3.153 W /m
2 Q W
=117 =368.90 2 Therefore , the answer is B .
2 2 thus ; A m
A hr−ft 1 Btu/hr −ft

Problem #2 April 1987

What is the external heating surface area in square feet of a tube with the following dimensions:
tube inside diameter = 5 inches, wall thickness = ½ inch, length = 18 feet.
A. 26.5
B. 24.25
C. 19.25
D. 28.26
Diagram:

Di = 5 inches
Wall Thickness = 0.5 inch
L = 18 feet

Solution:

A=π Do LWhere : Do =5+2 ( 0.5 )=6 inches Thus ; A=π ( 126 )( 18 ) A=28.27 ft 2

Therefore , the answer is D .

Problem #3 October 1986

A heat exchanger is to be designed for the following specifications:
Hot gas temperature, 1145°C
Cold gas temperature, 45°C
Unit surface conductance on the hot side, 230 W/m2 -°K
Unit surface conductance on the cold side, 290 W/m2 -°K
Thermal conductivity of the metal wall, 115 W/m-°K
Find the maximum thickness of metal wall between the hot gas and the cold gas, so that the
maximum temperature of the wall does not exceed 545°C.
Diagram:

t l=1145˚ C
t 0=45˚ C
t 1=545 ˚ C

hot gas cold gas

Solution:

Q t i−t o
= Q Q
A 1 x 1 solving for : =hl ( t l−t 1)
+ + A A
hl k ho
Q Q W
=230 ( 1145−545 ) =138,000 2 then;
A A m
W 11454−45
138,000 2 =
m 1 x 1 thus ;
+ +
230 115 290
x=0.020115 m ( 1m )
1000 mm
x=20.115 mm

Therefore , the answer is D .

Problem #4 April 1999
Water is flowing in a pipe with a radius of 25.4 cm at a velocity of 5 m/sec at the temperature in
the pipe. The density and viscosity of the water are as follows: density = 997.9 kg/sec; viscosity
= 1.131 Pa-s. What is Reynold’s Number for this situation?
Diagram:

Diameter = 2*25.4
5 m/s
=50.8 cm

D = diameter
D = 2 (25.4)
D = 50.8 cm
D = 0.508 m
vo = velocity
vo = 5 m/sec
v = kinematic viscosity
v = 1.131 Pa-s / 997.9
v = 0.0011334 m2 / sec

Solutions:

Dvo 0.508 ( 5 )
R= R=
V 0.0011334

Therefore ;R=2241.08

Problem #5 October 1993

A 15 cm thick wall has a thermal conductivity of 5 W/m-°K. If inside and outside surface
temperature of the wall are 200°C and 30°C, respectively. Determine the heat transmitted.
Diagram:

k =5 W /m−° K

t 2=200 ˚ C t 1=30 ˚ C

X = 15 cm

Solution:

kA ( t 2−t 1 ) Q 5 ( 200−30 ) Q W
Q= = =5666.67 2
x A 0.15 m A m

Problem #6 April 1989

A pond is covered by a sheet of ice 2 cm thick (thermal conductivity 1.68 W/m-°C). The
temperature of the lower surface of the ice is 0°C and that of the upper surface is -10°C. At what
rate is heat conducted through each square meter of ice?
A. 840 W
B. 740 W
C. 940 W
D. 640 W
Diagram: -10°C

2 cm

0°C
K of the ice = 1.68 W/m-°C
2 cm (1 m/ 100 cm) = 0.02 m
Solutions:
 kA ( t 2−t 1 ) 1.68 ( 1 ) ( 0−(−10 ) )
Q= Q= thus ;Q=840W therefore , theanswer is A .
x ( 0.02 )

Problem #7 October 1999

Heat transfer in the glass surface area of 0.7m^2 having an inside temperature (room) of 25°C
and 13°C outside temperature (surrounding). The thickness of glass surface is 0.007 m. The
thermal conductivity is 1.8 W/m-°K.
Diagram

t 1=13 ˚ C 0.7 t 2=25 ˚ C

2
m
outside inside

W
k =1.8
m−˚ K

Solution:

kA ( t 2−t 1 ) ( 1.8 ) ( 0.70 ) ( 25−13 )

Q= Q= thus ;Q=2160Wattstherefore ;Q=2.160 KW
x 0.007

Problem #8 April 1999

Compute the amount of condensate form during 10 minutes warm-up of 150 meter pipe conveys
the saturated steam with enthalpy vaporization hfg = 1,947.8 LJ/kg. The minimum external
temperature of pipe is 2°C. The final temperature of pipe is 195°C. The specific heat of pipe
material is 0.6 KJ/kg-°C. The specific weight is 28 kg/m.
Diagram:
150 m 195 ˚C

kg
m p=28 ( 150 m )
m
hfg = 1,947.8 LJ/kg

2 ˚C
Solution:
kg
m p=mass of pipem p=28 ( 150 m )m p=4200 kg
m

Heat loss by steam=Heat loss ¿ pipe M s ( h g−h f ) =m p c p ∆ t

M s ( 1947.8 LJ /kg )=( 4200 kg ) ( 0.6 KJ /kg−° C ) ( 195 ° C−2 ° C ) M s=249.69 kg

Problem #9 October 1986

How many watts will be radiated from a spherical black body 15 cm in diameter at a temperature
of 800 °C?
A. 5.34 kW
B. 4.34 kW
C. 6.34 kW
D. 3.34 kW
Diagram:
Watts = ?

Diameter =
15 cm

800 °C

Solution:
−12 W
P=σA T where :σ =5.7∗10
2 2
4 A=4 π ( 7.5 ) =706.86 cm T =800 ° C+273=1073 ° K
4
2
cm −K

(
then; P= 5.7∗10
−12 W
cm −K
2 4 )
( 706.86 cm2 ) ( 1073° K )4 thus ;P=5,340 W P=5.34 kW
therefore , theanswer is A .
Problem #10 October 1993
Calculate the radiation in watts per square centimeter from a block of copper at 200 °C and at
1000 °C. The oxidized copper surface radiates at 0.60 the rate of a black body.
A. 0.17
B. 0.27
C. 0.37
D. 0.07
Diagram: e=0.60

200 °C

Solution:

Q=eσA T
4 Q
A
4Q
(
=eσ T =0.60 5.7∗10
A
−12 W
2
cm −K
4 ) Q
A
W
( 200 ° C+237 ° K )4 thus ; =0.17 2
cm
Raza, Duque Del Mar
Problem #11 May 2019
A thick-walled copper cylinder has an inside radius of 1 cm and an outside radius of 1.8 cm. The
inner and outer surface temperatures are held at 305 °C and 295 °C, respectively. Assume k
varies linearly with temperature, with kₒ = 371.9 W/m-K and b = -9.25 × 10⁻⁵ K⁻¹. Determine
the heat loss per unit length.

Solution: r1 = 1 cm, r2 = 1.8 cm ;T1 = 305 °C, T2 = 295 °C

k =kₒ ( 1+b T ave )¿ 371.9 ¿

k =352.188 W /m·K

Q T 2−T 1
=
L r2
ln( )
r1
2 πk

Q 305−295
=
L
ln( )1.8
1
Q
L
=37,647 W /m

2 π ( 352.188 )
Problem #12 May 2019
A furnace wall is constructed of a firebrick 6-in. thick. The temperature of the inside of the
wall is 1300 °F, ant the temperature of the outside wall is 175 °F. If the mean thermal
conductivity under these conditions is 0.17 BTU/h-ft-°F. What is the rate of heat loss through
10 ft² of wall surface?

( 1300−175 )
T 2−T 1 ¿
Q= 6 Btu
Solution: ∆x ft Q=3825
12 hr
kA 2
0.17 f t

Problem #13 May 2019

A composite wall consists of W1 (outer layer) and W2 (inner layer). W1 and W2 are both 5-
in. thick. The thermal conductivity of W1 is 1 BTU/ft-hr-°F while that of W2 is 0.1 BTU/ft-
hr-°F. The temperature of the outer layer is 500 °F while that of the inner layer is 1500 °F.
Find qtotal in BTU/ft²-hr.

Solution: w1 = 5 in, w2 = 5 in ;T1 = 1500°F, T2 = 500°F

k1 = 1, k2 = 0.1
Q T 1−T 2
=
A w1 w2
+
k1 k2

Q 1500−500
=
A
( )( )
5
12
+
5 Q =218 Btu
12 A hr−ft
2

1 0.1
Problem #14 May 2019
For a furnace constructed with 0.7 ft thick of fireclay brick having k = 0.6 BTU/ft-hr-°F and
covered on the outer surface with a layer of insulating material having k = 0.04 BTU/ft-hr-°F.
The innermost surface is maintained at 1800 °F while the outer surface of insulating material
is maintained at 100 °F. How thick must the insulator be to maintain a maximum allowable
heat transfer rate of 300 BTU/ft²-hr.

Solution:

Q T 1 −T 2
=
A ∆ xF ∆xI
+
kF kI

1800−100
300=
0.7 ∆ x I ∆ x I =0.18 ft
+
0.6 0.84

Problem #15 May 2019

An industrial furnace wall is constructed of 0.7 ft thick fireclay having k = 0.6 BTU/ft-hr-°F.
This is covered on the outer surface with a 0.1 ft. thick layer of insulating material having k =
0.04 BTU/ft-hr-°F. The innermost surface is at 1800 °F and the outermost is 100 °F.
Calculate the steady heat transfer per square foot.
Solution:

Q 1800−100
= Q Btu
A 0.7 0.1 =464 2
+ A f t −hr
0.6 0.04

Problem #16 May 2016

Heat is transferred from hot water to oil in a double-pipe counter flow heat exchanger. Water
enters the outer pipe at 120°C and exits at 55°C while the oil enters while the oil enters the
inner pipe at 26°C and exits at 65°C. Compute the log mean temperature difference LMTD.

Solution:

( ∆ T max )−( ∆ T min ) ( 120−65 )− (55−26 )

LMTD= LMTD=
∆T max 120−65 LMTD=40.63 ℃
ln ⁡( ) ln ⁡( )
∆ T min 55−26

Problem #17 May 2016

A counter flow heat exchanger is designed to heat fuel from 45℃ to 100℃ while heating
fluid enters at 150℃ and leaves at 115℃ . Calculate the arithmetic mean temperature
difference.

Solution:

( ∆ T max ) + ( ∆ T min ) AMTD= ( 150−100 )+ (115−45 ) AMTD=60 ℃

AMTD=
2 2
Problem #18 May 2016
At an average temperature of 100°C, hot air flows through a 2.5 m long tube with an inside
diameter of 50 mm. The temperature of the tube is 20°C along its entire length. Convective
film coefficient 20.1 W/m2-K.

Solution:

Q=hc A ( T H −T L )¿ 20.1 ( π )( 0.05 )( 2.5 )( 100−20 )

Q=632W

Problem #19 May 2016

The forced convective heat transfer coefficient for a hot fluid flowing over a cold surface is
225 W/m2 °C for a particular problem. The fluid temperature upstream of the cold surface is
120°C, and the surface is held at 10°[Link] the heat transfer rate per unit surface from
the fluid to the surface.

Solution:

Qconv =h c ( T H −T L )¿ 225 ( 120−10 )

W
Q conv =24750 2
m

Problem #20 May 2016

A counterflow bank of boiler tubes has a total area of 900 ft2 and its overall efficiency of heat
transfer is 13 Btu/hr-ft2 °F. Calculate the heat transferred if the LMTD is 1380°F.
Solution:

Q=UALMTD¿ 13(900)(1380)

Btu
Q=16,146,000
hr

BOILER

A = 900 ft2

Rafa, Ralph Adrian

Problem #21 October 2005
In a counter-flow heat exchanger, a hot fluid is cooled from 100°C to 70°C by using a cold
fluid that gets heated from 25°C to 55°C. The LMTD value of the heat exchanger is?
45°C
25°C
70°C
100°C
Solution:

θ1=100 ° C−55 °C=45° C

θ1=θ 2=45 ° C

Hence LMTD=45 ° C

Problem #22 October 1997

In a double-pipe heat exchanger, the cold fluid is water with an inlet temperature 20°C and
mass flow rate 20 kg/s and the hot fluid water inlet temperature 80°C and mass flow rate 10
kg/s. Assume that for water Cp = 4.2 kJ/kg°C, independent of temperature. What is the
maximum temperature to which the cold fluid can be heated in a parallel flow and in a
counter flow heat exchanger?
80°C in both parallel flow and counter flow
50°C in both parallel flow and counter flow
40°C in parallel flow and 50°C in counter flow
40°C in parallel flow and 80°C in counter flow
Solution:
For parallel flow heat exchanger:
For maximum temperature, the outlet temperature of cold fluid must be equal to the outlet
temperature of hot water.
Heat lost by hot water = Heat gained by cold water
mn C ph ( f n 1−f n 2 )=M c C pc ( t c 1−t c2 )

t n 2=t c2∧C ph=C pc

Let t n 2=t c2=t

10∗C ph ( 80−t )=20∗C pc ( t−20 )

80−t=2 t−40
3 t=120
t=40° C

For Counter flow Heat Exchanger

In Counter flow heat exchanger for maximum temperature, the outlet temperature of hot
water is equal to the inlet temperature of cold water.
t n 2=t c1=20 ° C

Heat lost by hot water = heat gained by cold water

mh C ph∗( t n 1−t n 2 )=mc∗C pc ( t c 2−t c1 )

10 ( 80−20 )=20∗( t c 2−20 )

60
=t c2−20
2
t c2 =50° C

Problem #23 October 1997

A heat exchanger is used to heat cold water (Cp = 4.18 kJ/kgK) entering at 12 °C at a rate of
1.2 kg/s by hot air (Cp = 1.0 kJ/kgK) at 90°C at rate of. The highest rate of heat transfer in
the heat exchangers is:
82kW
195 kW
391 kW
None of above
Solution:

For water, mc = 1.2 kg/s, CP for water = 4.18 kJ/kgK

For air, mh = 2.5 kg/s, Cp = 1.2 kJ/kgK
kW
mc∗C c =1.2∗4.18=5.06
K
kW
m h∗C h=2.5∗1.0005=2.5125
K
C min ¿ mh∗C h

Maximum heat transfer rate=ṁh∗Ch∗( T hi −T ci )=2.5125 ( 90−12 )

Maximum heat transfer rate=195.975 kW

Problem #24 October 2005

What is the logarithmic mean temperature difference (LMTD) of a double pipe counterflow
heat exchanger if the fluid enters at 90 degrees C and exits at 50 degrees C. Inside the inner
pipe, another fluid enters at 20 degrees C and exits at 60 degrees C.
0 °C
30 °C
75°C
35°C
Solution:
 θ1=90 °C−60 ° C=30° C

θ1=θ 2=30 °C

Hence LMTD=30 ° C

Problem #25 October 1994

In a counter flow heat exchanger, for the hot fluid the heat capacity = 2 kJ/kgK, mass flow
rate = 5 kg/s, inlet temperature = 150°C, outlet temperature = 100°C. For the cold fluid, heat
capacity = 4 kJ/kg K, mass flow rate = 10 kg/s, inlet temperature = 20°C. Neglecting heat
transfer to the surroundings, the outlet temperature of the cold fluid in °C is?
7.5°C
32.5°C
45. 5°C
70.0 °C
Solution:
Loss of heat by hot fluid = Gain of heat by the cold fluid
ṁh Ch∗( T hi −T ci )=ṁc C c∗( T hi −T ci )

5∗2 ( 150−100 )=10∗4 ( T c2 −20 )

T c2 =32.5° C

Problem #26 October 1997

In certain heat exchanger, both the fluids have identical mass flow rate specific heat product.
The hot fluid enters at 76°C and leaves at 47°C, and the cold fluid entering at 28°C leave at
55°C, the effectiveness of the HE is?
0.16
0.60
0.72
1.0
Solution:
 t h 1=76 ° C ; t h 2=47 ° C ; t c 2=57 ° C ; T c1=28 ° C

C h=C c

C h (t h 1−t h 2 ) C c (t c 2−t c1 )
ε= =
C min (t h1 −t c 1) C min (t h 1−t c1 )

(76−47)
ε= =0.60
(76−28)

Problem #27 October 2005

In a condenser, water enters at 30°C and flows at the rate 1500 kg/hr. The condensing steam
is at a temperature of 120°C and cooling water leaves the condenser at 80°C. Specific heat of
water is 4.187 kJ/kgK. If the overall heat transfer coefficient is 2000 W/m²K, the heat
transfer area is?
0.707 m²
7.07 m²
70.7 m²
141.4 m²
Solution:

θ1=120 ° C−30 °C=90 ° C

θ2=120 ° C−80 °C=40 °C

1500 kg
m= =0.4167
3600 s
θ 1−θ2 90−40
θm = = =61.65 ° C
θ1 90
ln ln
θ2 40

Q=mc pw ∆ T =∪ A θ m

0.4167∗4.187∗1000∗50=2000∗A∗61.65
2
A=0.707 m

Problem #28 September 2010

An industrial gas (c = 1 kJ/kgK) enters a parallel flow heat exchanger at 250°C with a flow
rate of 2 kg/s to heat a water stream. The water stream (c = 4 kJ/kgK) enters the heat
exchanger at 50°C with a flow rate of 1 kg/s. The heat exchanger has an effectiveness of
0.75. The gas stream exit temperature will be?
75°C
100°C
125°C
150°C
Solution:

kg kJ 3 kJ
C h=ṁh C h=2 ∗1 ∗10 =2
s kgK Ks
kg kJ 3 kJ
C h=ṁh C h=1 ∗4 ∗10 =4
s kgK Ks

C h (t h 1−t h 2 )
ε=
C min (t h1 −t c 1)

2(250 ° C−t h2 )
0.75=
2(250° C−50 ° C )

t h 2=100 ° C

Problem #29 September 2011

Cold water flowing at 0.1 kg/s is heated from 20°C to 70°C in a counter flow type heat
exchanger by a hot water stream flowing at 0.1 kg/s and entering at 90°C. The specific heat
of water is 4200 J/(kgK) and density is 1000 kg/m³. If the overall heat transfer coefficient U
for the heat exchanger is 2000 W/(m²K), the required heat exchange area (in m²) is
[September 2011]
0.052 m²
0.525 m²
0.151 m²
0.202 m²
Solution:

kg J J
C h=C c =0.1 ∗4200 =420
s kgK s

C c ( t c 2−t c1 )=∪ A θ m

J W
420 ( 70 ° C−20° C )=2000 2 ∗A∗20
s m K
2
A=0.525 m
Problem #30 October 2007
In a counter-flow heat exchanger, water is heated at the rate of 1.5 kg/s from 40°C to 80°C by
an oil entering at 120°C and leaving at 60°C. The specific heats of water and oil are 4.2
kJ/kgK and 2 kJ/kgK, respectively. The overall heat transfer coefficient is 400 W/m²[Link]
required heat transfer surface area (in m²) is
0.104 m²
0.022 m²
10.4 m²
21.84 m²
Solution:
 θ1=120 ° C−80 °C=40 °C

θ2=60° C−40 ° C=20 ° C

kg kJ
Q=mC C c ( T c 2−T c 1 )=1.5 ∗4.2 ( 80 ° C−40 ° C )=252 x 103 W
s kgK
θ 1−θ2 40−20
θm = = =28.854 ° C
θ1 40
ln ln
θ2 20

Q=∪ A θ m

3 W
252 x 10 W =400 2
∗A∗28.854 ° C
m K
2
A=21.83 m
Parua, Paul Nicola S.