VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Jnana Sangama, Belgaum-590014

An Technical Seminar Project Report On

“Smart parking system using IoT”

Submitted in Partial fulfilment of the Requirements for the VIII Semester
of the Degree of Bachelor of Engineering In
Computer Science & Engineering By

SHIVARAJA M V
(1CE22CS421)

Under the Guidance of

Prof. Ashwini J K
Asst. Professor, Dept. of CSE

CITY ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Doddakallasandra, Kanakapura Road, Bengaluru-560061
 ABSTRACT

The project entitled SMART PARKING SYSTEM using Iot , the major motivation of
this project is to reduce the traffic congestion in roads, multi-storeyed buildings and
malls due to unavailability of parking spaces .The project displays the nearest empty
slot if present with respect to user location. Our project aims to make efficient use of
Smart parking system as described above can lead to an error-free ,reliable, secure and
fast management system. In recent times the concept of smart cities have gained great
popularity. Thanks to the evolution of the Internet of things the idea of smart city now
seems to be achievable. Consistent efforts are being made in the field of IoT in order to
maximize the productivity and reliability of urban infrastructure. Problems such as,
traffic congestion, limited car parking facilities and road safety are being addressed by
IoT. The proposed Smart Parking system consists of an on-site deployment of an IoT
module that is used to monitor and signalize the state of availability of each single
parking space.

(i)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

While presenting this report on “Smart Parking System using IoT” I feel that it is my duty to
acknowledge the help rendered to us by various persons.
Firstly, I take this opportunity to thank my college “CITY ENGINEERING COLLEGE” for
providing all the resource required to success the project report.
I would like to express our heartfelt gratitude to Dr. S Karunakara, Principal CEC, Bangalore and
Dr. Sowmya, Head of Dept, Computer Science for extending their support.
I would like to express a special thanks to the members in two different organizations who gave us
permission to complete our activity in their premises and supported us throughout. I am very
grateful to our guide, Prof. Ashwini J K, Asst. Prof, Department of Computer Science, for her able
guidance and valuable advice at every stage of our activity which helped me in the successful
completion of my activity. Her guidance and support were truly invaluable
I would also have indebted to our Parent and Friends for their continued moral and material support
throughout the course of project and helping me in finalize the presentation. Our hearty thanks to
all those have contributed bits, bytes and words to accomplish this Project.

SHIVARAJA M V
(1CE22CS421)

(ii)
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION… .......................................................................................................... 1
1.1. Related Work… ........................................................................................................... 1
1.2. Problem Statement… .................................................................................................. 2
1.3. Objectives of Work… ................................................................................................. 2
1.4. Key Features… .....................................................................................................3
2. LITREATURE SURVEY ................................................................................................... 4
3. SYSTEM REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION ................................................................ 6
3.1. Hardware Requirements ..............................................................................................6

3.2. Software Requirements……………………………………………………………….6

4. METHODOLOGY………………………………………………………………………...7
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .........................................................................................10

6. CONCLUSION……………………………………. .........................................................12

REFRENCES……………………………………………………………………...………13
(iii)

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO. FIGURE NAME PAGE NO

4.1 Use Case Diagram 7

4.2 Parking Slot image 9

5.1 Shows both parking slots 10

5.2 Unparking Vehicles 11

5.3 When they are no empty slots 11
Smart Parking System Using IoT

Chapter-1

INTRODUCTION
1.1 Related Work
The project entitled smart parking system is to manage all the parking facilities to an user. The
recent growth in economy and due to the availability of low price cars in the market, an every
average middle-class individual can afford a car, which is good thing, however the consequences
of heavy traffic jams, pollution, less availability of roads and spot to drive the motor car. One of
the important concerns, which is to be taken in accounting, is the problem of parking those vehicles
Though, if there is space for parking the vehicle but so much time is squandered in finding that
exact parking slot resulting in more fuel intake and not also environment friendly. It will be a great
deal if in some way we find out that the parking itself can provide the precise vacant position of a
parking slot then it'll be helpful not limited to the drivers also for the environment . Initially when
the user is about to enter the location the LCD displays the number of empty and filled spots and
when the user is with its vehicle near to the parking detect sensor ,he/she would be thrown with a
notification on their mobile app of the parking slot number, where they should park there
vehicle.1.1 Relevance of the project The main important benefit of a smart parking system is its
advanced technology. It follows the latest technologies and concepts to assure profitable outcomes
The design and implementation of smart parking to easy to supervise and manage

1.2 Problem Statement

Despite In recent research in metropolitan cities the parking management problem can be viewed
from various angles such as high vehicle density on roads. This results in annoying issues for the
drivers to park their vehicles as it is very difficult to find a parking slot. The drivers usually
waste time and effort in finding parking space and end up parking their vehicles finding a space
on the street which further leads to space congestion. In worst case, people fail to find any
parking space especially during peak hours and festive season.

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1.3 Objectives of Work

Objectives of these projects are:

Parking involves the use of low cost sensors, real-time data and applications that allow users to
monitor available and unavailable parking spots. The goal is to automate and decrease time spent
manually searching for the optimal parking floor, spot and even lot. Some solutions will encompass
a complete suite of services such as online payments, parking time notifications and even car
searching functionalities for very large lots. A parking solution can greatly benefit both the user
and the lot

Optimized parking – Users find the best spot available, saving time, resources and effort. The
parking lot fills up efficiently and space can be utilized properly by commercial and corporate
entities.

Reduced traffic – Traffic flow increases as fewer cars are required to drive around in search of an
open parking space.

Reduced pollution – Searching for parking burns around one million barrels of oil a day. An
optimal parking solution will significantly decrease driving time, thus lowering the amount of daily
vehicle emissions and ultimately reducing the global environmental footprint.

Increased Safety – Parking lot employees and security guards contain real-time lot data that can
help prevent parking violations and suspicious activity. License plate recognition cameras can
gather pertinent footage.

Decreased Management Costs – More automation and less manual activity saves on labor cost
and resource exhaustion.

Enhanced User Experience – A smart parking solution will integrate the entire user experience
into a unified action. Driver’s payment, spot identification, location search and time notifications
all seamlessly become part of the destination arrival process.

1.4 Key Features

1. Real-Time Parking Slot Detection

• Ultrasonic, Infrared (IR), or Magnetic Sensors detect vehicle presence.

• Live parking status updates are available on mobile app.

2. Mobile & Web Application for Users

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 Smart Parking System Using IoT

• Users can check available parking spaces in real-time

• Features include slot booking, navigation assistance, and digital payments

3. Smart Reservation & Booking System

• Users can pre-book parking slots through the app
• Prevents last-minute searching and congestion.

4. Navigation & Guidance System

• Drivers receive directions to the nearest available parking spot.
• Reduces unnecessary vehicle movement and traffic congestion.

5. Smart City & Traffic Integration

• Can be integrated with traffic management systems and public transport.
• Helps in efficient urban mobility planning.
6. Cashless & Digital Payments
• Supports UPI, NFC, Credit/Debit Cards, and Mobile Wallets.

• Reduces manual transactions and enhances convenience.

7. Security & Surveillance Features
• CCTV cameras and ANPR systems prevent unauthorized access.

• Alerts for suspicious activities or unauthorized parking.

8. Data Analytics & AI-Based Insights
• AI-driven parking trend analysis optimizes space utilization.
• Helps predict peak parking hours and suggest alternative locations.
9. Automated Entry & Exit System

• RFID, QR Code, or Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) for access control.
• Smart barriers/gates open automatically upon authentication.

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Smart Parking System Using IoT

CHAPTER-2

LITERATURE SURVEY

1. Smart Parking System architecture : Several studies propose IoT-based architectures for
smart parking systems. According to Geng and Cassandras (2013), a smart parking framework
consists of sensors, cloud computing, and mobile applications to enhance parking efficiency.
Research by Lin et al. (2017)

2. Sensor Technology: Ultrasonic sensors (Ranjitha et al., 2018) for detecting vehicle presence
in parking [Link] sensors (Zhang et al., 2019) for real-time occupancy [Link]
sensors (Mainetti et al., 2014) to detect vehicle movement and availability of parking spaces.

3. Comunication Technology: Wi-Fi and Bluetooth for short-range data transfer (Chen et al.,
2017).Zigbee and LoRaWAN for low-power, wide-area networks (Khan et al., 2020).5G and
NBIoT for real-time, large-scale smart city applications (Sharma et al., 2021).

4. Cloud Computing Data Analytics : Cloud-based smart parking solutions enable real-time data
processing and predictive analytics. Studies such as Gupta et al. (2019) propose machine
learning models to predict parking demand, while Xu et al. (2021) suggest using big data
analytics for dynamic pricing and space optimization.

5. Gaming and Entertainment: The success of Pokémon GO (2016) demonstrated the potential
of AR in gaming. Research by Laato et al. (2017) analyzed how location-based AR games
encourage physical activity and social interaction.

6. Mobile Applications and User Interaction: User-friendly mobile applications play a vital role
in smart parking adoption. Park et al. (2018) propose applications integrating GPS, real-time
space tracking, and automated payment systems. Al-Turjman et al. (2020) discuss the role of
blockchain for secure transactions in IoT-based parking applications

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Smart Parking System Using IoT

7. Future Direction : AI and Machine Learning Integration: AI-driven analytics can improve
parking prediction and user [Link] for Security: Implementing
blockchain technology can enhance data integrity and transaction security.5G and Edge
Computing: These technologies can enable ultra-low latency communication for real-time
parking updates.

8. ) Literature Review : Zanella et al. (2014) developed a smart city framework incorporating
IoT-based parking systems to optimize urban traffic management. Al-Turjman et al. (2019)
focused on energy-efficient communication for smart parking using IoT and machine
[Link] et al. (2020) proposed a deep learning model integrated with IoT to enhance
parking space prediction [Link] & Cassandras (2013) introduced a reservation-based
parking system using IoT for improved user convenience and space [Link] et al.
(2021) examined security challenges in IoT-based parking systems, emphasizing encryption and
secure authentication mechanisms.

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Smart Parking System Using IoT

CHAPTER-3

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION

3.1 Hardware Requirements

 ENODE MCU ( ESP8266 )

 JUMPER WIRES
 INFRARED SENSORS
 16*2 LED DISPLAY
 DC MOTOR

3.2 Software Requirements

• Operating System: ARDUINO IDE

• PC-Based AR: Windows 10/11,MacOS ,LINUX

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Smart Parking System Using IoT

CHAPTER-4

METHODOLOGY

Fig 4.1: Use Case Diagram

The IoT-based Smart Parking System follows a structured methodology to ensure efficient parking
management, real-time monitoring, and automation. Below is a step-by-step breakdown of the
proposed methodology for implementation.

1. System Design & Hardware Selection:

• Microcontroller: Arduino Uno, ESP8266, ESP32, or Raspberry Pi for IoT integration.

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Smart Parking System Using IoT

• Vehicle Detection Sensors: Ultrasonic, Infrared (IR), or Magnetic field sensors.

• Display Components: LCD (16x2) or LED indicators to show slot availability.

2. Parking Slot Monitoring & Data Collection

• Each parking slot is equipped with an Ultrasonic or IR sensor to detect vehicle presence.
• The sensor data is sent to the microcontroller, which processes the status (occupied/vacant).

3. Cloud Integration & Data Processing

• The system sends parking status updates to Google Firebase, AWS IoT, or Thingspeak.
• Data is stored and updated dynamically to provide real-time monitoring.
• AI-Based Slot Prediction (Optional)
• AI or Machine Learning models can analyze parking patterns for predictive slot availability.

4. Tracking & Localization

For AR content to align correctly with the real world, tracking and localization techniques are used:
• Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) – Maps the environment while tracking
the user’s position.

• GPS & Geolocation Tracking – Used for outdoor AR applications.

• Computer Vision – Recognizes and tracks objects or environments using machine learning.

5. User Interface (UI) & User Experience (UX) Design

• UI Design Principles – Create intuitive and non-intrusive AR interfaces.

• User Interaction Methods – Touch, voice commands, eye tracking, or hand gestures.
• Testing for Ergonomics – Ensure AR content is comfortable to view and interact with.

6. Deployment & Optimization

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Smart Parking System Using IoT

• Platform-Specific Optimization – Ensure performance on different devices (iOS, Android,

AR glasses).
• Latency Reduction – Optimize rendering speed for real-time interaction.
• Battery & Resource Management – Reduce CPU and GPU load for longer device usability.

7. User Testing & Evaluation

• Usability Testing – Gather user feedback on interaction and experience.

• Performance Analysis – Test under various environmental conditions (lighting, motion).
• Iterative Improvements – Modify the AR system based on testing results.

8. Maintenance & Future Enhancements

• Bug Fixes & Updates – Continuously improve based on user feedback.

• New Features – Add AI-driven enhancements, better tracking, and cross-platform
compatibility.
• Integration with Emerging Technologies – AI, IoT, blockchain, and 5G for enhanced AR
experiences.

Fig 4.2 : Parking slot image

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Smart Parking System Using IoT

CHAPTER-5

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The below diagram shows the initial case of the system when we turn on our project
,which indicates the number of vacant and filled spots on a 16*2 display
LCD and similarly on the Blynk app..

Fig 5.1: Shows both parking slot empty

a) Performance & Accuracy

• Parking slot: The below diagram shows the status of the parking zone when a single vehicle
is parked in the parking zone.
• vehicle and the slot number in which the vehicle is parked and it would
• be similarly updated on the 16*2 display .
• Unparking your vehicle from the parking slot would pop a notification on the
• application app

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Smart Parking System Using IoT

b) Unparking a vehicle

• Unparking your vehicle from the parking slot would pop a notification on the application
app stating the start time and the end time.
• user has parked his vehicle pay when he leaves the parking zone which is fixed.

Fig 5.2 Unparking Vehicle

c) No available parking slots

.
Fig 5.3 When there are no empty slots
• In a situation when all the slots are filled and a new vehicle comes near to the vehicles.

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Smart Parking System Using IoT

CHAPTER-6

CONCLUSION
Smart Parking System Using IoT, Smart Cities has always been a dream for humanity. Since the
past couple of years ago large advancements have been made in making smart cities a reality. The
growth of Internet of Things and Cloud technologies have given rise to new possibilities in terms
of smart cities. Smart parking facilities and traffic management systems have always been at the
core of constructing smart cities. In this project, we address the issue of parking and present an
IoT based Cloud integrated smart parking system. The system that we propose provides real time
information regarding availability of parking slots in a parking area. Users from remote locations
could book a parking slot for them by the use of our mobile application. The efforts made in this
project are intended to improve the parking facilities of a city and thereby aiming to enhance the
quality of life of its people. The concept of Smart Cities has always been a dream for humanity.
Since the past couple of years ago large advancements have been made in making smart cities a
reality. The growth of Internet of Things and Cloud technologies have given rise to new
possibilities in terms of smart cities. Smart parking facilities and traffic management systems have
always been at the core of constructing smart cities. In this project, we address the issue of parking
and present an IoT based Cloud integrated smart parking

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Smart Parking System Using IoT

REFERENCES

1. L.V. Sukhinskiy.; E. A. Nepovinnykh.; G. I. Radchenko.; et al (2016) developed an outdoor

parking monitoring system for vacancy detection using cameras, DOI:
10.1109/MIPRO.2016.7522394.

2. H. Chambhare, P. Rathi, R. Tekam, S. Shaikh and L. Bitla, "Smart Parking Using IOT," 2023
4th International Conference for Emerging Technology (INCET), Belgaum, India, 2023, pp.
1-4, doi: 10.1109/INCET57972.2023.10169936.

3. Yash M Dalal, D R Kumar Raja, Ashwin Kumar UM, “IoT based smart parking system”
World Conference on Communication an Computing (WCONF)” 2023.

4. Hodel, T. B., Cong, S. (2003, October). Parking space optimization services, a uniformed
web application architecture. In ITS world congress proceedings (pp. 16-20).

5. Nandyal, S., Sultana, S., & Anjum, S. Smart Car Parking System using Arduino UNO, 2023

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 DECLARATION
Student of 8th semester BE, Computer Science and Engineering department, City Engineering
College hereby declare that the “Smart Parking System Using IoT” “Technical Seminar
Report” has been carried out by us and submitted in partial fulfilment of the course requirement
for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Science and Engineering
of Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum, during the academic year 2024-2025.

Date: SHIVARAJA M V
Place: Bangalore (1CE22CS421)