NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA

SEMINAR TOPIC:
INTELLIGENT WEB-BASED HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT EVALUATION
SYSTEM FOR HEALTH CARE FACILITIES

NAME:
MUHAMMED, ALIDU HASSAN

MAT NO:
NOU241715288

DEPARTMENT:
COMPUTER SCIENCE (400L)

CENTRE:
FUGAR COMMUNITY STUDY CENTRE

JUNE, 2025

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ABSTRACT

The increasing complexity of health care service delivery demands efficient and intelligent
systems to support health care management and evaluation. This study presents the design
and implementation of an intelligent web-based health care management evaluation system
aimed at enhancing the efficiency, accessibility, and effectiveness of health care services. The
system incorporates artificial intelligence algorithms and web technologies to automate data
collection, patient record management, staff performance evaluation, and real-time
reporting. The goal is to facilitate data-driven decision-making, reduce administrative
overhead, and improve patient care quality. The system was evaluated using usability testing
and feedback from medical professionals, and results indicate significant improvements in
operational workflow, data accuracy, and decision support. This research contributes a
scalable and adaptable framework for health care facilities aiming to transition toward
intelligent digital health management.

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 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

One of the concerns of health institutions especially in developing nations like Nigeria

is how the few medical personnel can attend to the large number of people seeking medical

help. What obtains presently is that one doctor attends to as much as 100 patients in a typical

government hospital in densely populated areas. There is so much administrative delay

making it impossible to give priority to critical medical cases.

Beyond this, is the concern that doctors know little about their patients outside the

hospital confines. This is a big problem because many of the emergency cases happen

because doctors are disconnected from their patients after the hospital consultation.

But they need to get real time on-the-spot information about their patients especially

patients that need constant monitoring. Such monitoring is important because it helps to put

the doctor on alert and also helps the patient get prompt attention and advice on what to do

even when the doctor is far away.

An intelligent web-based healthcare management evaluation system is a digital

platform designed to assess and improve the performance of healthcare facilities. It utilizes

intelligent algorithms and data analysis to provide insights into various aspects of healthcare

management, including patient care, resource allocation, and operational efficiency. This

system aims to offer valuable feedback to healthcare administrators and clinicians, enabling

them to identify areas for improvement and optimize their services.

Intelligence based systems can be distinguished from conventional computer systems

in that: They simulate human reasoning about the problem domain, rather than simulating the

domain itself, they perform reasoning over representations of human knowledge, in addition

to doing numerical calculations or data retrieval.

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 They have corresponding distinct modules referred to as the inference engine and the

knowledge base. With the increasing effect of globalization and technology, organizations

have started to use information systems in various functions and departments in the last

decades.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The following problems necessitated this study:

There is no automated system to evaluate the quality of healthcare of hospitals. The

extent to which the doctors and nurses have successfully treated several diseases cannot be

easily determined due to the absence of an evaluation system. There is limited research

conducted in the area of evaluation of health care.

1.3 Objectives

The aim of the study is to examine an intelligent web-based health care management

evaluation system. The following are the specific objectives:

1. To examine a web-based system that will capture evaluation data that will be used for

health care evaluation.

2. To examine a system that will be used to determine the performance level of the

hospital in handling different ailments.

3. A system that will be used to obtain reports of healthcare evaluation.

4. It will also help in revealing the efficiency of the medical establishment in delivering

quality healthcare.

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Review of Related Literature

The adoption of intelligent and web-based systems in the health care sector has grown

significantly in response to the demand for more efficient, data-driven, and accessible health

services. This section explores existing literature on health care management systems,

intelligent technologies in health, and the integration of web-based platforms. It also

identifies gaps in current research that justify the need for the proposed system.

2.1 Health Care Management Systems

Traditional health care management systems often rely on manual processes or legacy

software that lacks interoperability, scalability, and intelligence. According to Shortliffe and

Cimino (2014), early systems focused on digitizing records but did not support advanced

analytics or decision-making.

Modern systems integrate electronic health records (EHR), appointment scheduling,

billing, and reporting tools. However, many still lack real-time evaluation features and

comprehensive integration, particularly in low-resource settings.

2.2 Web-Based Health Systems

Web-based health systems provide remote access to health information and services

through internet-enabled platforms. Kumar and Bhatia (2012) highlighted the advantages of

web-based systems, such as accessibility, centralized data storage, and improved

communication between stakeholders. These systems reduce paper usage, allow multi-

location data access, and support telemedicine functions. However, challenges such as data

security, user authentication, and latency still exist, especially when handling sensitive patient

information.

2.3 Intelligent Systems in Health Care

Intelligent systems leverage artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and

data analytics to improve decision-making in health care. AI applications include predictive

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diagnosis, resource optimization, and patient outcome forecasting. Li and Zhang (2020)

emphasized how intelligent systems assist in reducing human error and supporting clinical

decisions.

Despite these advances, many facilities struggle with implementing AI due to

infrastructure limitations, lack of trained personnel, and concerns over algorithm

transparency.

2.4 Some Related Works

Kashif et al. (2020) did a research on A Fuzzy Neural Network-Based Intelligent IoT-

Based Healthcare System. The purpose of this study was to improve the store-and-forward

architecture of traditional telemedicine, which has a number of limitations. These constraints

include the need for a nearby health center with a dedicated staff, the requirement for Wi-Fi,

the requirement for medical equipment to prepare patient reports, the 24-48-hour time limit

for receiving diagnosis and medication information from a doctor in a large hospital, the price

of nearby health centers, and the 24-48-hour time limit for receiving diagnosis and

medication information from a doctor.

They saw how artificial intelligence has a profound impact on a number of industries,

including the health sector. The objective of this research was to improve on the conventional

telemedicine coupled with sensors, to improve diagnostic based on a fuzzy neural network

method. The methodology was divided into three groups; Fuzzy Logic-Based Smart

Healthcare Monitoring, Management and data collection which uses three sensors (body

temperature sensor, pulse rate sensor, and heartbeat sensor) to collect data for smart

healthcare. Even while fuzzy logic systems are good at explaining how decisions are made,

the inference rules are a difficult assignment since they require prior knowledge.

The fuzzy logic is installed on the server, where it will direct choices on patient

conditions and care while informing the physician of the patient's status. Oliver (2013). A set

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of fuzzy rules were created for the clinical decision support system used for IoT-based

telemedicine. By using a decision support system, they were able to reduce the time

constraints associated with the traditional store-and-forward approach of telemedicine in

remote locations.

The system did not feature security measures to protect the information of patients on

the network. It was only limited to android users to view the result. Gope and Hwang (2016)

conducted a research on A Secure IoT-Based Modern Healthcare System Using Body Sensor

Network. The idea that earlier BSNs (body sensor networks) had not effectively incorporated

robust security features that may have secured patient privacy served as the inspiration for the

study. This served as their inspiration for developing and promoting BSN-Care, a safe IoT-

based healthcare system that effectively meets a number of security standards. BSN is the

foundation of the healthcare system BSN-Care.

The primary aim of this project was to secure body sensor network-based Internet of

Things healthcare systems' device authentication procedures. They presented a set of security

criteria, a BSN-Care system, and enforced it in our BSN-Care model in order to achieve all of

the essential security attributes. The study then proposes a secure IoT-based healthcare

system that makes use of two authentication strategies and a BSN network architecture to

address the aforementioned demands. This study focused on BSN-SYSTEM security

(network security and data security).

At the end of the research, it was demonstrated that the proposed BSN-Care system

could satisfy all the essential security requirements (Accomplishment of the Mutual

Authentication, Anonymity, Secure Localization, Data Security) of IoT based healthcare

system using BSN. The new technology takes long time to implement and the cost of the

system may be high. The research work majorly focused on security.

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 Kahkashan (2020) works on Internet of Things-Based Intelligent Health Monitoring.

This research project's goals include developing a biomedical personal wireless network to

monitor patient health in order to increase monitoring consistency and improve data quality

and accuracy for decision support that will result in improved therapeutic treatments.

2.5 Key Features and Functionalities of the System:

1. Data Collection and Analysis: The system gathers data from various sources within a

healthcare facility, such as patient records, financial information, and operational

logs. It then uses intelligent algorithms to analyze this data, identifying trends, patterns,

and potential areas of concern.

2. Performance Evaluation: The system evaluates the performance of the healthcare

facility across various metrics, including patient outcomes, resource utilization, and

financial performance. It provides a comprehensive overview of the facility's strengths

and weaknesses, allowing for targeted interventions.

3. Reporting and Visualization: The system generates reports and visualizations that

present the evaluation results in a clear and concise manner. These reports can be

customized to meet the specific needs of different stakeholders, such as hospital

administrators, clinicians, and regulatory bodies.

4. Decision Support: The system can provide decision support to healthcare professionals

by offering recommendations based on the evaluation results. This can help them make

informed decisions about resource allocation, patient care protocols, and other critical

aspects of healthcare management.

5. Continuous Improvement: The system facilitates a cycle of continuous improvement

by providing ongoing feedback and enabling healthcare facilities to track their progress

over time. This helps ensure that healthcare facilities are constantly striving to improve

the quality and efficiency of their services.

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2.6 Benefits of using an intelligent web-based healthcare management evaluation

system:

1. Improved Patient Outcomes: By identifying areas for improvement in patient care, the

system can lead to better patient outcomes.

2. Increased Efficiency: The system can help healthcare facilities optimize their resource

utilization, leading to increased efficiency and cost savings.

3. Enhanced Quality of Care: By providing data-driven insights and decision support, the

system can help healthcare facilities improve the overall quality of care they provide.

4. Informed Decision Making: The system provides healthcare administrators with the

information they need to make informed decisions about resource allocation and other

critical aspects of healthcare management.

5. Regulatory Compliance: The system can help healthcare facilities meet regulatory

requirements by providing data on their performance and compliance with quality

standards.

2.7 Smart Technology in Healthcare

Smart technology refers to devices that make use of AI, the Internet, connectivity

to the cloud, and more modern functionalities that they previously did not have.

A few examples of smart technology in healthcare are smart beds that can track patient

movements and alert nurses when a patient leaves the bed, or an inventory management

system powered by AI that can track and monitor inventory, and then automatically

order new supplies when necessary.

Five examples of smart tech in healthcare that enhance the patient experience,

improve proactive care procedures, and ultimately create a healthier world.

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1. Remote Monitoring and Automated Healthcare Systems

Remote monitoring of patients’ healthcare is a growing trend that goes beyond

traditional healthcare and into mainstream culture. Smartwatches and fitness trackers

have become standard for many people, monitoring health factors like heart rate, blood

oxygen, irregular heartbeat monitoring, and more.

The next iteration of smart wearables are actually smart rings which still connect

to your smartphone, but use a series of sensors to take measurements from your finger to

track a whole variety of internal body metrics at a more accurate clip than smartphones.

Though the ring doesn’t have any sort of screen, you can see all of the data it collects

and tracks on your smartphone.

These smart wearables are making it easier for patients to keep a tab on their

regular daily activity, giving their healthcare professionals more visibility into patterns,

and a better pool of health data to work with.

There are several wearable items or devices healthcare providers and patients can take

advantage of to improve overall healthcare, including:

 Biosensors

 Smart thermometers

 Connected inhalers

 Smart watches

 Fitness trackers (FitBits)

 ECG monitors

 Blood pressure monitors

Wearable biosensors are another technology used in hospitals. These allow providers

across the world to monitor patients and administer proactive care. These sensors are

worn on the body and monitor vital health signs like temperature and heart rate to give

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healthcare providers more information and insights on the progression of diseases,

illnesses, and overall health.

In fact, it was just a few years ago when biosensors helped the world track the spread

of COVID-19 by monitoring patients to detect symptoms and other signs of the virus.

Medical staff could monitor patient data thanks to the devices and avoid unnecessary

exposure.

2. Telehealth and Remote Care

Many of us are now familiar with telehealth, which became a popular choice

for healthcare providers and patients when the pandemic brought more attention to the

application of smart tech in healthcare. With the help of conferencing technology,

providers could virtually treat patients over video call, provide prescriptions, and

perform follow-up visits.

Part of this virtual care was the use of medical portal technology to build secure

online healthcare portals to help providers and patients track treatment, store health

records, and collect and access data from wearable devices or clinic visits.

While the use of telehealth and remote care became prevalent after the onset of the

Covid pandemic, it is clear that both patients and practitioners have found benefits in the

use of this technology and hospitals will continue to use it.

3. Connected Emergency Response Solutions

Connectivity can greatly improve the efficiency and response times of emergency

care, something that can be the difference between life and death. With modern

healthcare smart technology, it’s possible to share data between ambulances, physicians,

first responders, and accident and emergency departments in a reasonable amount of time

that facilitates real-time responses.

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 This technology enables faster communication, video calls with doctors from

inside ambulances, quicker patient histories, and easier hospital admittance with history

and conditions already established.

On arrival, doctors can already have patient data on-hand—including vital signs,

blood pressure, heart rate, temperature, etc.

4. Smart Hospital Management

Smart hospital management can help improve efficiency and effectiveness,

improve patient experience, and help doctors by connecting digital systems to make it

easier to access information like bed occupancy, device usage, equipment status,

materials and supply counts, and other operational data.

Tracking this information and using it in decision-making can improve resource

management, reduce waste, and help hospital staff avoid not having what’s needed due

to bad tracking or incorrect data collection.

Smart hospitals are going to play an incredibly important role in the future of

healthcare using a series of sophisticated technologies such as:

 The IoT

 AI

 Mobile Health

 Telehealth

 Extended Reality

 Blockchain

The IoT

In the realm of smart hospitals and digital transformation in healthcare,

the Internet of Things serves as a driving force. By allowing medical devices and sensors

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to communicate with one another, hospitals gain real-time insights into patient health.

This facilitates something we covered earlier, remote patient monitoring, allowing

healthcare providers to track vital signs, manage chronic conditions, and intervene

proactively.

Additionally, IoT streamlines hospital operations by optimizing asset tracking –

ensuring medical equipment availability and functionality. Energy management is also

improved, with IoT systems self-regulating energy consumption for cost-efficiency.

Lastly, patient flow within the hospital is also enhanced as IoT-enabled systems track

movements, minimizing wait times and improving overall operational efficiency.

IoT forms the foundation for smart hospitals, fostering connectivity and data exchange

for better patient care and operational excellence.

AI

Artificial Intelligence stands at the forefront of innovation, and smart hospitals

are no exception. AI's capacity to analyze vast datasets expedites diagnostic processes,

aiding healthcare professionals in making accurate and timely decisions.

This technology also powers predictive analytics that enable the identification of

potential health risks, giving patients more preventative care options. On the patient-

experience side of things, AI-driven chatbots and virtual assistants enhance patient

engagement, providing instant responses to queries, appointment scheduling, and very

basic advisory ability.

On the administrative front, AI automates tasks like billing and data entry,

streamlining operations. This not only frees up valuable time for healthcare providers but

also contributes to a more efficient and patient-centric healthcare environment.

AI plays the role of the cognitive powerhouse here, augmenting healthcare capabilities

and improving outcomes across the board.

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MHealth

Mobile Health (MHealth) is a pillar when it comes to patient-centric care in smart

hospitals. With the widespread popularity of smartphones, MHealth applications

empower patients to actively participate in their well-being.

Remote patient monitoring becomes seamless, as individuals can track health metrics

and share real-time data with healthcare providers. Telehealth services also walk hand-

in-hand with MHealth as the two facilitate one another.

Health and wellness apps on mobile devices offer personalized fitness tracking,

nutritional guidance, and mental health support, promoting preventive care. Plus,

MHealth allows patients to more easily manage their medication and prescriptions.

By making certain aspects of healthcare more readily accessible, MHealth transforms

healthcare into a personalized and accessible experience, extending beyond the hospital

walls.

Telehealth

Telehealth, a key component of smart hospitals, redefines communication in

healthcare through digital transformation and improved technologies. The primary

advantage telehealth brings to the table is the ability to overcome geographical

constraints, ensuring healthcare access to a broader population.

Through video consultations and remote monitoring, telehealth enhances patient-

physician interactions, facilitating timely interventions and reducing the need for

physical hospital visits. The cost-efficiency of telehealth is evidenced by reduced travel

expenses and optimized resource utilization.

Telehealth can also benefit patients managing chronic disease through regular

virtual check-ins, personalized care plans, and daily reminders.

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Additionally, telehealth serves a critical role in emergency situations, providing quick

access to medical advice. Ultimately, telehealth fosters healthcare accessibility,

efficiency, and continuity beyond traditional healthcare settings.

Extended Reality (AR and VR)

Extended Reality (AR and VR) technologies offer immersive and innovative

solutions in smart hospitals and in training the future of healthcare professionals.

In medical training, AR overlays digital information onto the real world, creating

realistic simulations for surgical procedures and enhancing the learning experience. VR,

on the other hand, provides a completely immersive environment, beneficial for pain

management during medical procedures and rehabilitation exercises.

The visual and interactive nature of AR and VR technologies also largely aid in

surgical planning, offering surgeons a detailed and three-dimensional view. These

technologies not only enhance professional education but also contribute to patient care

experiences by minimizing pain and improving engagement in rehab processes.

AR and VR bring immersive and interactive experiences that enhance medical

operations, healthcare education and training, and the patient experience.

Blockchain

Blockchain technology introduces a layer of security and transparency to

healthcare data management in smart hospitals. It ensures the integrity of patient records

through its decentralized and tamper-resistant nature, safeguarding against unauthorized

access and data manipulation.

Interoperability is enhanced as blockchain facilitates secure sharing of health

information across disparate systems, promoting seamless collaboration. In supply chain

management, blockchain is employed to trace the authenticity and distribution of

pharmaceuticals and medical devices, ensuring transparency.

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 Smart contracts, automated and secure agreements facilitated by blockchain,

streamline processes like insurance claims and billing, reducing administrative

complexities.

Blockchain reinforces data security, interoperability, and efficiency, contributing

to the trustworthy and streamlined operation of smart hospitals. Although, it’s worth

noting that HIPAA regulations also play a major role in data security among healthcare

organizations.

5. AI in Healthcare

As mentioned above, AI will be a major player in smart hospitals, but this

technology can also help providers make more informed decisions and greatly improve

patient care with proactive care predictions, quicker data analysis, and accelerated

diagnosis.

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3.1 Conclusion

The development and deployment of an intelligent web-based health care

management evaluation system has demonstrated its potential to revolutionize the operational

efficiency of health care facilities. By integrating artificial intelligence and web technologies,

the system provides a comprehensive platform for real-time data collection, performance

monitoring, and patient care analysis.

The system offers enhanced accuracy, ease of access to information, and automated

evaluation metrics that significantly reduce manual processes. Through user feedback and

performance testing, the system proved to be user-friendly, secure, and effective in

supporting strategic planning and health care service improvement. Its adaptability makes it

suitable for various types of health care institutions.

3.2 Recommendations

1. Wider Implementation: Health care institutions should adopt intelligent web-based

systems to improve service delivery and management.

2. Periodic System Updates: Regular updates should be made to incorporate new

technologies, improve system security, and adapt to changing user needs.

3. Training for Staff: Continuous training programs should be implemented to ensure

that medical and administrative staff can effectively use the system.

4. Integration with National Health Databases: The system should be integrated with

government health care databases to facilitate centralized data reporting and

epidemiological studies.

5. Scalability Consideration: Further development should focus on enhancing

scalability to accommodate growing data volumes and increased user loads in large

facilities.

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References

Shortliffe, E. H., & Cimino, J. J. (2014). Biomedical Informatics: Computer Applications in

World Health Organization. (2020). Digital Health Strategy 2020–2025. WHO Publications.

Rouse, W. B. (2016). Health Care as a Complex Adaptive System: Implications for Design
and Management. The Bridge, 36(1), 17–25.

Kumar, R., & Bhatia, M. P. S. (2012). A web-based integrated healthcare management

Li, J., & Zhang, Y. (2020). Intelligent Health Care Systems and Artificial Intelligence
Applications. IEEE Access, 8, 9999–10014.

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