Project Based On,
2WD Vehicle Drone (Air + Land Surveillance)
Under Guidance Of,
Prof. Ashwini Patil
Mam
Submitted By,
Final Year Engineering Project
Sagar Malawade
Dattprasad
Team Members | Guide | College
Kakde
Divya Wagh
Introduction
In recent years, surveillance has become an essential requirement in diverse
fields such as defense, disaster management, agriculture, and industrial security.
Traditional ground vehicles and aerial drones, though effective, suffer from certain
limitations when used independently. Ground vehicles are restricted by terrain and
mobility, while aerial drones face challenges like limited flight time and obstacles in
low-altitude navigation. To overcome these constraints, a hybrid system is proposed in
the form of a 2WD Vehicle Drone capable of operating both on land and in the air. This
innovative design combines the stability and endurance of a two-wheel drive vehicle
with the flexibility and wide coverage of a quadcopter drone, providing an efficient,
cost-effective, and versatile solution for real-time surveillance across multiple terrains.
Problem Statement
Traditional surveillance is limited to single terrain
Drones → limited by battery, obstacles at low altitude
Land robots → limited by terrain, speed, line of sight
Need for a hybrid solution for wider coverage & flexibility
Objectives
The project aims to develop a hybrid 2WD Vehicle Drone that can operate both on
land and in the air for real-time surveillance. It focuses on providing seamless mobility
across terrains, live video streaming through a camera module, and wireless remote
control via mobile or IoT platforms. The system is designed to be compact, cost-
effective, and energy-efficient, making it suitable for defense, disaster management,
agriculture, and industrial applications.
System Architecture / Block Diagram
Microcontroller (ESP32 / Arduino / Raspberry Pi)
Sensors: GPS, Ultrasonic, IMU (Gyroscope/Accelerometer)
DC motors for land drive, BLDC motors for drone flight
Power system: Li-Po battery with dual distribution
Camera module for real-time video
Wireless communication: RF / Wi-Fi / Bluetooth
Working Principle
Land Mode: Moves using 2WD motors, avoids obstacles
Air Mode: Drone propellers activated → lift off
Surveillance: Camera captures and streams video
Switching between modes via controller command
Hardware Used
Chassis (lightweight, carbon fiber/aluminum)
2 DC motors + wheels, 4 Brushless DC motors + propellers
Motor driver (L298N / custom), ESCs
Flight controller (Pixhawk / Arduino)
ESP32 / Raspberry Pi (for control & video)
Camera module, Li-Po battery
Software Used
Arduino IDE / Python
OpenCV for image processing (optional)
IoT dashboard / Mobile App (Blynk, MIT App Inventor)
Communication protocol (MQTT / RF module)
Applications
Military & Border surveillance
Disaster management (search & rescue)
Agricultural field monitoring
Campus / Industrial security
Smart city surveillance
Advantages
Multi-terrain adaptability
Reduces need for separate robots and drones
Compact and cost-effective
Wide surveillance coverage
Limitations
Limited payload capacity
Short flight time due to battery constraints
Stability challenges between land & air mode
Future Scope
AI-based autonomous navigation
Swarm deployment of hybrid drones
Extended battery life with solar charging
Integration with cloud-based surveillance systems
Conclusion
Hybrid drone + vehicle = effective multi-terrain surveillance
Cost-effective solution with real-world applications
Potential for research and commercialization
Block Diagram
Overall Diagram Of Project
