Reading Comprehension Passages and Main Passage 2: Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly

Idea Questions transforming many aspects of daily life. AI-

driven systems can autonomously drive cars,
Current Affairs
analyze large datasets, andassist in medical
Passage 1: Scientists note that climate change diagnostics to improve efficiency and accuracy.
is causing extreme weather events like However, experts also raise concerns about job
hurricanes, floods, and heatwaves to become displacement and ethical dilemmas with AI. To
more frequent and intense. Rising global harness AI’s benefits, analysts suggest
temperatures disrupt weather patterns and balanced policies and guidelines to manage
threaten communities, agriculture, and risks. Overall, this passage highlights the
infrastructure. Experts emphasize the need for importance of innovation with AI alongside
urgent action to reduce carbon emissions and responsible oversight.
adapt. In the past decade, record-breaking
Question: What is the main idea of the
storms and droughts have highlighted the
passage?
reality of this crisis. Understanding this trend is
crucial for policymakers and citizens alike. • A. AI is transforming daily life, offering
benefits in efficiency but also creating
Question: What is the main idea of the
challenges that require balanced
passage?
oversight.
• A. Climate change is leading to more
• B. AI will inevitably replace all human
intense and frequent weather events
jobs and should be avoided.
and requires urgent action.
• C. The passage only discusses AI
• B. Communities should build stronger
applications in technology and ignores
infrastructure to survive extreme
ethical issues.
weather.
• D. Experts agree AI has no impact on
• C. Extreme weather events are
society and requires no oversight.
unrelated to climate change.

• D. Environmental measures have

Passage 3: In the wake of COVID-19, global
already eliminated the risks of climate
cooperation in healthcare became crucial.
change.
Countries and organizations shared research,
data, and resources to develop and distribute

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 vaccines quickly. International bodies like the scientific knowledge and inspire technological
World Health Organization coordinated these innovation. The passage highlights that
efforts to benefit all countries. This collective cooperation in space exploration leads to
effort sped up immunization, saved many lives, important discoveries and progress.
and also highlighted that wealthier countries
Question: What is the main idea of the
accessed vaccines faster, exposing global
passage?
inequalities. The passage emphasizes that
international teamwork helps tackle • A. International collaboration in space
pandemics and suggests that continued missions leads to important scientific
collaboration and equitable health access are discoveries and technological progress.
essential for future crises.
• B. The passage suggests that space
Question: What is the main idea of the agencies should work independently
passage? rather than together.

• A. International cooperation in • C. It claims that projects like the

healthcare is crucial for effectively International Space Station have no
combating pandemics and ensuring impact on research.
equitable access.
• D. It implies that space exploration has
• B. Rich countries alone should decide stalled and is of no benefit.
how vaccines are distributed during a
Passage 5: Many countries are rapidly
pandemic.
increasing their use of renewable energy,
• C. The passage suggests that especially solar and wind, due to falling costs
pandemics can be managed and supportive policies. This shift helps reduce
independently by each country without carbon emissions and dependence on fossil
sharing resources. fuels. In some regions, renewables already
generate a significant share of electricity.
• D. It implies that only local actions
However, challenges like energy storage and
matter in health crises, not international
grid upgrades remain. The passage suggests
collaboration.
that adopting renewables is crucial for
Passage 4: Space exploration has advanced sustainable development, but it also highlights
significantly through international the need to address technical and policy
collaboration. Organizations like NASA and the hurdles.
European Space Agency have launched
Question: What is the main idea of the
missions to study the Moon, Mars, and other
passage?
celestial bodies. The International Space
Station, for instance, is a product of decades of • A. Renewable energy use is expanding
multinational cooperation. The Artemis worldwide, offering environmental
program aims to return astronauts to the Moon benefits but also presenting technical
with global partners. Such missions expand challenges that must be addressed.

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 • B. The passage claims that renewable • D. It argues that Stoicism aims to
energy is too expensive and should not eliminate all emotions entirely.
be pursued.

• C. It suggests that rising energy costs Passage 7: Existentialism emphasizes that life
have no effect on sustainability. has no inherent meaning beyond what
individuals create for themselves. Thinkers like
• D. It argues that all energy problems
Sartre argue that each person is free and
have already been solved and no
responsible to define their own purpose
changes are needed.
through choices and actions. This philosophy
values personal freedom but also recognizes
Philosophy the anxiety that can come from having to create
one’s own meaning. The passage highlights
Passage 6: Stoicism teaches that individuals
that understanding existentialism involves
should focus on what they can control—their
embracing both freedom and responsibility in
own actions and reactions—rather than on
defining one’s life purpose.
external events. By accepting what is beyond
their control, people can reduce stress and Question: What is the main idea of the
lead more peaceful lives. This philosophy passage?
encourages personal responsibility and
• A. Existentialism teaches that people
emotional resilience. The passage suggests
must create their own meaning in life,
that applying stoic principles can help
embracing freedom and responsibility.
individuals cope with challenges and maintain
inner calm. • B. The passage suggests that life is
completely meaningless and people
Question: What is the main idea of the
can find no purpose.
passage?
• C. It claims that society, not the
• A. Stoicism advises focusing on
individual, determines a person’s
controlling one’s own actions and
purpose in life.
reactions to reduce stress and achieve
peace. • D. It argues that our destiny is fixed by
fate and personal choice is
• B. The passage states that all events are
unimportant.
predetermined and individuals have no
control.
Passage 8: In ethics, utilitarianism holds that
• C. It suggests that external events, not
the right action is the one that maximizes
personal attitudes, determine
overall happiness or welfare. In contrast,
happiness.
deontological ethics asserts that certain
actions are intrinsically right or wrong
regardless of their outcomes. Consequently,

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 utilitarianism emphasizes outcomes and • A. Inflation causes prices to rise and
overall welfare, while deontology emphasizes purchasing power to fall, affecting daily
adherence to moral rules or duties. The life and requiring economic policies.
passage contrasts these two frameworks as
• B. The passage suggests that inflation
different approaches to ethical decision-
increases consumers’ wealth by raising
making.
their incomes.
Question: What is the main idea of the
• C. It claims that rising prices have no
passage?
effect on household budgets or living
• A. It explains two ethical approaches: standards.
utilitarianism (focused on outcomes)
• D. It argues that inflation is beneficial
and deontology (focused on moral
because it makes loans cheaper for
rules).
everyone.
• B. It suggests that moral rules should
Passage 10: Digital currencies like Bitcoin
always be ignored in favor of achieving
and central bank digital currencies (CBDCs)
happiness.
have become prominent in modern finance.
• C. It states that only following strict Cryptocurrencies use decentralized
rules matters, regardless of blockchain technology to enable secure
consequences. peer-to-peer transactions without
traditional banks. This innovation can make
• D. It claims that ethical decision-making
payments faster and promote financial
depends on neither outcomes nor rules
inclusion. However, the passage also notes
at all.
challenges: digital assets can be highly
Economics volatile and raise regulatory and
environmental concerns. The overall
Passage 9: Inflation refers to the overall rise in
message is that digital currencies offer new
prices in an economy, which reduces the
opportunities but also important risks.
purchasing power of money. When inflation is
high, consumers find that their money buys Question: What is the main idea of the
less than before, straining budgets for passage?
essentials like food and fuel. Central banks
• A. Digital currencies offer new
often respond by raising interest rates to cool
opportunities (faster payments,
the economy. The passage highlights how
inclusion) but also carry risks like
inflation affects everyday life and underscores
volatility and regulatory challenges.
the need for policies to manage price growth.
• B. The passage states that
Question: What is the main idea of the
cryptocurrencies have completely
passage?
replaced traditional banking
everywhere.

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 • C. It suggests that digital currencies reducing pollution. The passage describes how
have no disadvantages and are perfectly a green economy balances environmental
safe. protection with growth. It argues that eco-
friendly policies, such as clean energy and
• D. It argues that blockchain technology
conservation, can spur innovation and
is fundamentally insecure and
financial opportunities. In short, combining
unusable.
economic and environmental goals can lead to
Passage 11: In recent years, international trade a more prosperous and sustainable future.
has faced rising tensions as countries impose
Question: What is the main idea of the
tariffs and trade barriers. Governments use
passage?
these measures to protect domestic industries,
but trading partners often retaliate in kind. This • A. A green economy that uses
tit-for-tat can disrupt supply chains, slow sustainable practices can promote
economic growth, and lead to higher prices for economic growth and innovation while
consumers. The passage highlights that while protecting the environment.
protecting local jobs is important, excessive
• B. The passage suggests that
trade conflicts ultimately harm the global
environmental protection always
economy.
hinders economic growth.
Question: What is the main idea of the
• C. It claims that investing in clean
passage?
energy only creates jobs but has no
• A. Trade conflicts (tariffs and retaliation) economic benefits.
can disrupt economies, raise prices,
• D. It argues that economic development
and ultimately harm the global
and environmental goals are unrelated.
economy.
Passage 13: Many workers today find
• B. The passage claims that imposing
employment through gig platforms or remote
tariffs only has positive effects and
jobs. The passage highlights that this modern
never causes problems.
work arrangement provides flexibility: people
• C. It suggests that trade barriers only can work from anywhere and often set their
affect other countries and not local own schedules. However, it also notes
consumers. challenges such as job insecurity, irregular pay,
and lack of traditional benefits. Overall, the
• D. It argues that local industries should
passage suggests that the gig economy and
be protected even if it damages
remote work offer new opportunities for
international trade.
independence, but also require adaptation to
Passage 12: Investing in green technologies ensure stability and rights.
and sustainable practices can yield long-term
Question: What is the main idea of the
economic benefits. Renewable energy
passage?
projects, for example, create jobs while

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 • A. The passage describes how gig and • C. It suggests that only factual books
remote work provide flexibility and can teach readers anything important.
opportunities, but also have challenges
• D. It argues that literature should be
like insecurity that need to be managed.
avoided because it confuses readers.
• B. It claims that everyone should avoid
gig work because it offers no freedom.
Passage 15: A classic dystopian novel depicts
• C. The passage suggests that remote a society under constant surveillance by an
work eliminates the need for any authoritarian government. Cameras and spies
regulations. watch citizens everywhere, controlling
behavior and suppressing dissent. This loss of
• D. It states that modern work
privacy breeds fear and undermines freedom of
arrangements have only benefits and no
thought. The passage highlights how such
drawbacks.
oppression serves as a warning about
Literature unchecked power, suggesting that
safeguarding individual rights against
Passage 14: Literature plays a vital role in
surveillance is crucial.
society by broadening understanding and
empathy. Through stories, novels, and poetry, Question: What is the main idea of the
readers can experience different cultures, passage?
histories, and emotions. For example, a novel
• A. It warns that constant surveillance
set in another culture can introduce readers to
and unchecked governmental power
traditions and ways of life unfamiliar to them.
undermine freedom and privacy.
This exposure helps individuals develop
compassion and critical thinking. The passage • B. The passage suggests that
emphasizes that literature enriches lives by surveillance is beneficial because it
offering new ideas and perspectives, ultimately prevents crime.
suggesting that reading fiction can foster
• C. It claims that people voluntarily give
personal growth and social awareness.
up all their freedoms for security.
Question: What is the main idea of the
• D. It argues that authoritarian
passage?
governments are always justified.
• A. Literature broadens understanding
Passage 16: Poetry uses imaginative language,
and empathy by exposing readers to
imagery, and rhythm to evoke emotion and
diverse experiences, enriching personal
provoke thought. A well-crafted poem can
growth.
capture complex feelings and experiences in
• B. The passage claims that reading just a few lines, prompting readers to reflect on
fiction is a waste of time and offers no personal or universal themes. The passage
benefits. emphasizes the power of poetic expression to
create vivid mental images and connect deeply

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 with readers. In essence, poetry is presented • B. The passage claims that only
as a unique art form that enriches literature from one culture matters.
understanding and stirs the imagination.
• C. It suggests that diverse stories
Question: What is the main idea of the confuse readers and reinforce
passage? stereotypes.

• A. Poetry is a powerful art form that • D. It argues that books should not
evokes emotion and deep reflection include different cultural viewpoints.
through creative expression. Science

• B. It suggests that poetry is outdated Passage 18: Climate change is causing ocean
and no longer relevant. temperatures to rise, impacting marine life.
Warmer waters can lead to coral bleaching and
• C. The passage claims that poetry
alter the migration patterns of fish. For
cannot convey complex ideas.
example, bleaching events in coral reefs have
• D. It argues that only straightforward become more common around the world.
language, not poetry, can communicate Scientists warn that these changes threaten
effectively. biodiversity and the health of fisheries that
communities depend on for food. The passage
Passage 17: Cultural diversity in literature
highlights that understanding climate impacts
means including voices from different
on oceans is crucial, as it affects both the
backgrounds, which enriches storytelling. For
environment and human livelihoods.
example, a story from another culture can
introduce readers to traditions and ways of life Question: What is the main idea of the
unfamiliar to them. Authors can share unique passage?
experiences, giving readers insight into varied
• A. Warming oceans due to climate
cultures. The passage suggests that this
change threaten marine ecosystems
diversity promotes empathy and broadens
and therefore human communities that
readers’ worldviews. It underscores that
rely on them.
featuring multiple cultural perspectives in
literature can help break down stereotypes and • B. The passage suggests that rising
foster mutual understanding. ocean temperatures have no effect on
marine life.
Question: What is the main idea of the
passage? • C. It claims that only land environments
are affected by climate change, not the
• A. Including diverse cultural
oceans.
perspectives in literature broadens
understanding and empathy among • D. It argues that marine ecosystems
readers. easily adapt to temperature changes
without problems.

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 Passage 19: Astronomers recently discovered • A. New medical advances have sped up
an Earth-sized exoplanet orbiting a nearby star vaccine development, which saves lives
within the habitable zone. The passage and underscores the role of science in
explains that this new planet could have public health.
conditions for liquid water, a key ingredient for
• B. It claims that vaccines are outdated
life. Discoveries like this expand our knowledge
and no longer needed because of
of the universe and raise the possibility of
modern treatments.
finding life beyond Earth. It highlights how
technological advances enable us to explore • C. The passage suggests that vaccine
space and learn about other worlds. development has slowed down recently.

Question: What is the main idea of the • D. It argues that scientific research has
passage? little to do with improving public health.

• A. The discovery of an Earth-like

exoplanet shows how space exploration Passage 21: Artificial intelligence is
expands our knowledge and search for transforming scientific research by analyzing
life. data faster than humans can. AI tools can
process complex datasets from fields like
• B. The passage states that astronomers
genomics or astronomy, uncovering patterns
have found no new planets recently.
that might otherwise be missed. This
• C. It suggests that space exploration accelerates discoveries and innovation across
has halted due to lack of technology. science. The passage highlights that AI-driven
research extends human capabilities and helps
• D. It argues that discovering new
solve problems more efficiently, though it
planets is pointless because life exists
implies that scientists must still use these
only on Earth.
tools responsibly.
Passage 20: Recent advances in medical
Question: What is the main idea of the
science have accelerated vaccine
passage?
development. New technologies like mRNA
platforms allow researchers to create vaccines • A. AI greatly aids scientific research by
more quickly than ever before. This progress processing large amounts of data and
has enabled effective immunizations against accelerating discoveries, though it must
diseases that were once difficult to prevent. be used responsibly.
The passage highlights that vaccines save lives
• B. The passage suggests that AI will
by preventing illness and emphasizes the
replace all scientists and make human
importance of scientific collaboration and
researchers unnecessary.
strong healthcare systems for public health.
• C. It claims that AI has no applications
Question: What is the main idea of the
in scientific research.
passage?

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 • D. It argues that discoveries cannot be compassion. In short, reading fiction is
made without AI. portrayed as a way to both learn information
General Topics and connect with others on a deeper level.

Passage 22: Education is fundamental for both Question: What is the main idea of the
personal and societal development. Through passage?
learning, individuals acquire knowledge and
• A. Reading fiction fosters empathy and
skills that open opportunities and foster critical
emotional understanding while also
thinking. For example, educated citizens can
providing knowledge.
address complex issues like poverty and health
more effectively. The passage highlights that • B. The passage claims that reading is
education leads to better job prospects and only for entertainment and offers no
enables people to make informed decisions. In educational value.
sum, it suggests that investing in education
• C. It suggests that only nonfiction books
empowers individuals and drives social and
develop empathy.
economic progress.
• D. It argues that reading cannot help
Question: What is the main idea of the
people connect with others.
passage?
Passage 24: Volunteering involves offering time
• A. Education empowers individuals by
and effort to help others without expecting
providing knowledge and skills, leading
payment. The passage explains that
to personal growth and societal
volunteering benefits communities by
progress.
addressing needs such as education or
• B. The passage suggests that education healthcare. It also notes that volunteers gain
only benefits society, not individuals. personal rewards: they often learn new skills,
meet people, and feel a sense of purpose.
• C. It claims that schooling has no
Overall, the passage suggests that volunteering
impact on critical thinking or future
creates a positive cycle, helping society while
opportunities.
enriching the volunteer’s own life.
• D. It argues that economic progress
Question: What is the main idea of the
depends on industry, not education.
passage?

• A. Volunteering benefits both the

Passage 23: Reading books allows people to
community and the volunteer by
step into others’ shoes and see the world from
meeting needs and providing personal
different perspectives. Through characters and
fulfillment.
stories, readers can develop empathy and
understand a range of emotions. The passage • B. The passage suggests that
suggests that, in addition to gaining knowledge, volunteering is pointless and wastes
reading enhances emotional intelligence and time.

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 • C. It claims that volunteers should be
paid for their time and effort.

• D. It argues that only professional

workers, not volunteers, can help
communities.

Passage 25: Technology offers many benefits

but also poses challenges. For example, the
internet and smartphones connect people
worldwide and provide access to vast
information. However, they can also cause
distractions or spread misinformation. The
passage highlights that technological advances
must be used mindfully. In essence, it suggests
that technology is a valuable tool that can
improve our lives if applied wisely, while also
requiring caution to avoid negative
consequences.

Question: What is the main idea of the

passage?

• A. Technology provides many

advantages but also requires careful
use due to potential drawbacks.

• B. The passage claims that technology

is entirely harmful and should be
avoided.

• C. It suggests that we should ignore any

negatives of technology and only focus
on its benefits.

• D. It argues that technology only

isolates people and never offers
improvements.

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