9th Physics Exercise Short Questions

Chapter 1: Physical Quantities and Measurement  (iv) Speed vs. velocity: Speed = scalar; Velocity =
vector (includes direction).
Q1: What is the difference between base quantities and  (v) Linear vs. random motion: Linear = straight
derived quantities? Give three examples in each case. path; Random = irregular (e.g., gas molecules).
 Base quantities: Fundamental (independent)  (vi) Scalars vs. vectors: Scalars = magnitude only;
quantities, e.g., length (m), mass (kg), time (s). Vectors = magnitude + direction.
 Derived quantities: Depend on base quantities, Q3: Define speed, velocity, and acceleration.
e.g., speed (m/s), volume (m³), force (kg·m/s²).  Speed: Distance/time (scalar).
Q2: Pick out the base units in the following: joule,  Velocity: Displacement/time (vector).
newton, kilogram, hertz, mole, ampere, metre, kelvin,
 Acceleration: Change in velocity/time.
coulomb, watt.
Q4: Can a body at constant speed have acceleration?
 Base units: kilogram (kg), mole (mol), ampere
 Yes, if direction changes (e.g., circular motion).
(A), metre (m), kelvin (K).
Q5: How do Ferris wheel riders have translatory but not
Q3: Find the base quantities involved in each of the
rotatory motion?
following derived quantities:
 They move in a circle (translatory) but don’t spin
 (a) Speed: Length, time
(no rotatory).
 (b) Volume: Length Q6: Sketch a distance-time graph for a body at rest.
 (c) Force: Mass, length, time  Horizontal straight line (distance constant over
 (d) Work: Mass, length, time time).
Q4: Estimate your age in seconds. Q7: Shape of speed-time graph for variable speed?
 Multiply age in years by ~31,536,000  Curved or zigzag line.
(seconds/year). Q8: What can be obtained from a speed-time graph?
Q5: What role do SI units play in science?  (i) Initial speed, (ii) Final speed, (iii) Distance
 Ensure standardized, consistent measurements (area under graph), (iv) Acceleration (slope).
globally. Q9: How are vectors represented graphically?
Q6: What is meant by vernier constant?  Arrows (length = magnitude, direction =
 Smallest measurement a vernier caliper can read direction).
(e.g., 0.1 mm). Q10: Why can’t vectors be added like scalars?
Q7: What is zero error? Why is it necessary to correct it?  Vectors require direction consideration (use
 Zero error: Instrument shows non-zero reading head-to-tail rule).
when it should be zero. Correction ensures
accuracy. Chapter 3: Dynamics
Q8: What is a stopwatch? What is its least count?
 Measures time intervals; least count is Q1: Define the following terms:
typically 0.1 seconds.  (i) Inertia: Resistance to change in state of
Q9: Why measure small time intervals? motion (Newton's 1st Law).
 Needed for precision in experiments (e.g., free-  (ii) Momentum: Product of mass and velocity (p
fall, pendulum motion). = mv).
Q10: What are significant figures? How do they relate to  (iii) Force: Push or pull that changes motion (F =
precision? ma).
 Reliable digits in a measurement. More  (iv) Force of friction: Opposing force between
significant figures = higher precision.
surfaces in contact.
 (v) Centripetal force: Force directing objects
Chapter 2: Kinematics
toward circular path center.
Q2: What is the difference between:
Q1: Explain translatory motion and give examples.
 (i) Mass and weight: Mass = matter amount (kg);
 Motion where all parts of an object move
Weight = gravitational force (N).
equally (e.g., car moving straight, falling ball).
Q2: Differentiate between:  (ii) Action and reaction: Equal/opposite forces
(Newton's 3rd Law).
 (i) Rest and motion: Rest = no position change;
Motion = position changes.  (iii) Sliding vs rolling friction: Rolling friction is
weaker (less surface contact).
 (ii) Circular vs. rotatory motion: Circular = path
Q3: What is the law of inertia?
is a circle; Rotatory = object spins on axis.
 Objects maintain motion/rest unless acted upon
 (iii) Distance vs. displacement: Distance = total
(Newton's 1st Law).
path; Displacement = shortest path (vector).
Ali Mahran Haider, [Link] Chemistry, SEEK School & College, Sahiwal.
If you find it in your heart and consider it beneficial, please recite Surah Al-Fatiha and Surah Al-Ikhlas for the soul of my late
brother and beloved mother. May Allah grant them the highest place in Jannah .
 9th Physics Exercise Short Questions

Q4: Why is it dangerous to travel on a bus roof? Q4: How to resolve force into components?
 Inertia may cause falls during sudden  Use trigonometry (e.g., Fₓ = F cosθ, Fᵧ = F sinθ).
stops/turns. Q5: When is a body in equilibrium?
Q5: Why does a passenger move outward when a bus  Net force = 0 and net torque = 0.
turns? Q6: Explain the first equilibrium condition.
 Inertia keeps original motion direction  Sum of all forces = 0 (no linear acceleration).
(centrifugal effect). Q7: Why is a second condition needed?
Q6: Relate force to momentum change.  Ensures no rotation (Στ = 0).
 Force = momentum change/time (F = Δp/Δt). Q8: Example of moving equilibrium?
Q7: Tension in a rope pulled by two 100N forces?  Car at constant velocity (no acceleration).
 100 N (forces cancel out for net tension). Q9: Example of rest without equilibrium?
Q8: If action/reaction are equal, how do bodies move?  Book on tilted table (if friction prevents sliding).
 Forces act on different objects (e.g., foot pushes Q10: Why can't a single force maintain equilibrium?
ground; ground pushes foot).  Unbalanced force causes acceleration.
Q9: How does a horse-cart system move despite equal Q11: Why are vehicles kept low?
action-reaction?  Low center of gravity improves stability.
 Horse pushes ground backward; ground pushes Q12: Explain equilibrium types with examples:
cart forward.  Stable: Returns if tilted (e.g., pendulum).
Q10: State the law of conservation of momentum.
 Unstable: Falls if tilted (e.g., pencil on tip).
 Total momentum in a closed system stays
 Neutral: Stays new position (e.g., rolling ball).
constant.
Q11: Why does a gun recoil when fired?
Chapter 5: Gravitation
 Backward momentum balances bullet's forward
momentum. Q1: What is gravitational force?
Q12: Why is friction needed? Give two examples.
 Attraction between masses (F = Gm₁m₂/r²).
 Walking (foot-ground grip), braking (tire-road Q2: Who attracts whom—you or Earth?
friction).
 Mutual attraction; Earth's force is larger (greater
Q13: How does oiling reduce friction?
mass).
 Forms slippery layer between surfaces. Q3: What is a field force?
Q14: Ways to reduce friction?
 Force acting without contact (e.g., gravity,
 Lubrication, rollers, streamlining. magnetism).
Q15: Why is rolling friction < sliding friction? Q4: Why was gravity not obvious earlier?
 Less surface contact area.  Weak force; needs large masses to observe.
Q5: How is gravity a field force?
Chapter 4: Turning Effect of Forces
 Acts through gravitational field.
Q6: Define gravitational field strength (g).
Q1: Define:
 Force per unit mass (g = F/m; ~9.8 m/s² on
 (i) Resultant vector: Single vector combining
Earth).
multiple vectors.
Q7: Why is gravitation law important?
 (ii) Torque: Rotational force (τ = r × F).
 Explains planetary motion, tides, satellite orbits.
 (iii) Centre of mass: Point where mass seems Q8: How to find Earth's mass?
concentrated.
 Use g = GM/R² (G = constant, R = Earth's radius).
 (iv) Centre of gravity: Point where gravity Q9: Can you find the Moon's mass? How?
appears to act.
 Yes, using its gravitational effect on nearby
Q2: Differentiate:
objects.
 (i) Like/unlike forces: Like = same direction; Q10: Why does g vary by location?
Unlike = opposite.
 Altitude (height), Earth's shape (not perfect
 (ii) Torque vs couple: Torque needs pivot; couple sphere).
is two equal/opposite parallel forces. Q11: How does g change with altitude?
 (iii) Stable vs neutral equilibrium: Stable returns  Decreases as height increases (g ∝ 1/r²).
to position; neutral stays new position. Q12: What are artificial satellites?
Q3: How does head-to-tail rule find resultant force?
 Human-made orbiters (e.g., communication,
 Vectors drawn tip-to-tail; resultant connects GPS).
start to end. Q13: How does gravitation explain satellite motion?

Ali Mahran Haider, [Link] Chemistry, SEEK School & College, Sahiwal.
If you find it in your heart and consider it beneficial, please recite Surah Al-Fatiha and Surah Al-Ikhlas for the soul of my late
brother and beloved mother. May Allah grant them the highest place in Jannah .
 9th Physics Exercise Short Questions

 Centripetal force = gravitational pull. Chapter 7: Properties of Matter

Q14: What determines orbital speed?
 Planet's mass and satellite's altitude. Q1: How does the kinetic model differentiate matter
states?
Q15: Why are communication satellites geostationary?  Solids: Vibrating particles (fixed shape/volume).
 Match Earth's rotation (fixed position for  Liquids: Sliding particles (fixed volume, variable
signals). shape).
 Gases: Free-moving particles (no fixed
Chapter 6: Work and Energy shape/volume).
Q2: Is there a fourth state?
Q1: Define work. What is its SI unit?  Yes: Plasma (ionized gas; e.g., stars, lightning).
 Work = Force × displacement (W = F·d); SI unit: Q3: Define density and its SI unit.
joule (J).  Mass per unit volume (ρ = m/V); SI unit: kg/m³.
Q2: When does a force do work? Q4: Can a hydrometer measure milk density?
 Only when it causes displacement in its own  Yes (measures relative density compared to
direction.s water).
Q3: Why do we need energy? Q5: Define pressure.
 To perform work or cause changes in systems.  Force per unit area (P = F/A); SI unit: pascal (Pa).
Q4: Define energy and give two types of mechanical Q6: Show that atmosphere exerts pressure.
energy.  Mercury barometer: Atmospheric pressure
 Energy: Capacity to do work; supports 76 cm Hg column.
Types: (1) Kinetic (motion), (2) Potential Q7: Why is air easy to remove from a balloon but hard
(position/stored). from a bottle?
Q5: Define K.E. and derive its relation.  Balloon: Flexible (volume reduces); Bottle: Rigid
 K.E. = ½mv² (Derivation: Work done = Change in (volume fixed, creates vacuum).
K.E. = F·d = ma·d = m·a·(v²/2a) = ½mv²). Q8: What is a barometer?
Q6: Define P.E. and derive its relation.  Device measuring atmospheric pressure (e.g.,
 P.E. = mgh (Derivation: Work done against mercury barometer).
gravity = F·h = mg·h). Q9: Why not use water in barometers?
Q7: Why are fossil fuels nonrenewable?  Needs ~10.3 m column (vs. 0.76 m Hg);
 They take millions of years to form; consumption impractical.
rate >> formation rate. Q10: How does a suction cup stick to walls?
Q8: Which energy form is most preferred? Why?  Air pressure outside > pressure inside (after air
 Renewable (solar, wind); sustainable and eco- removal).
friendly. Q11: Why does atmospheric pressure vary with height?
Q9: How is energy converted between forms?  Higher altitude = less air above = lower pressure.
 Examples: Q12: What if atmospheric pressure falls suddenly?
o Solar → Electrical (solar panels)  Indicates storm/rain approaching.
o Chemical → Thermal (burning fuel) Q13: What if barometer reading rises suddenly?
Q10: Name 5 devices converting electrical → mechanical  Suggests clear/dry weather ahead.
energy. Q14: State Pascal’s law.
 Fan, blender, electric car, drill, washing machine.  Pressure applied to confined fluid transmits
Q11: Name a device converting mechanical → electrical equally in all directions.
energy. Q15: Explain hydraulic press working.
 Generator (or dynamo).  Small force (F₁) on small piston (A₁) creates
Q12: What is system efficiency? pressure (P=F₁/A₁), transmitted to large piston
 Ratio of useful output to total input (η = (Useful (A₂), producing larger force (F₂ = P×A₂).
output/Input)×100%). Q16: Define elasticity.
Q13: How to find efficiency?  Material’s ability to return to original shape after
 Measure useful output vs. total energy input. deforming force is removed.
Q14: Define power. Q17: State Archimedes’ principle.
 Rate of doing work (P = W/t); SI unit: watt (W).  Upthrust = Weight of displaced fluid.
Q15: Define watt. Q18: What is upthrust? Explain floatation.
 1 watt = 1 joule of work per second (1 W = 1 J/s).  Upthrust: Buoyant force opposing weight.

Ali Mahran Haider, [Link] Chemistry, SEEK School & College, Sahiwal.
If you find it in your heart and consider it beneficial, please recite Surah Al-Fatiha and Surah Al-Ikhlas for the soul of my late
brother and beloved mother. May Allah grant them the highest place in Jannah .
 9th Physics Exercise Short Questions

 Floatation: Occurs when upthrust ≥ object’s  (b) Land breeze: Land cools faster at night; air
weight. flows to sea.
Q19: How does a submarine control buoyancy?  (c) Thermos flask: Double walls reduce
 Ballast tanks take in water (to sink) or expel it (to conduction/convection.
rise).  (d) Desert temps: Low humidity → rapid
Q20: Why does a stone sink but a ship floats? heating/cooling.
 Ship’s shape displaces more water (upthrust > Q3: Why no conduction in gases?
weight).  Molecules too far apart; heat transfers via
Q21: State Hooke’s law and elastic limit. convection/radiation.
 Hooke’s Law: F = kx (force ∝ extension). Q4: Energy conservation at home?
 Elastic limit: Maximum stretch before  Insulation, LED bulbs, solar heaters.
permanent deformation. Q5: Why convection in fluids?
 Particles move freely, carrying heat.
Chapter 8: Thermal Properties of Matter Q6: What is a convection current?
 Cyclic fluid motion due to density changes (hot
Q1: Why does heat flow hot → cold? rises, cold sinks).
 Thermal equilibrium: Heat redistributes until Q7: How does heat reach Earth from the Sun?
temperatures equalize.  Radiation (EM waves through vacuum).
Q2: Define heat and temperature. Q8: What is the greenhouse effect?
 Heat: Energy in transit (Joules).  Gases trap infrared radiation, warming Earth.
 Temperature: Measure of hotness (Kelvin/°C). Q9: Impact of greenhouse effect?
Q3: What is internal energy?  Global warming, climate change, sea-level rise.
 Sum of kinetic + potential energy of all
molecules.
Q4: How does heating affect gas molecules?
 Increases kinetic energy (faster motion, higher
pressure).
Q5: Why is mercury used in thermometers?
 Expands uniformly; high boiling point; visible.
Q6: Explain volumetric thermal expansion.
 Volume increases with temperature (ΔV =
βV₀ΔT).
Q7: Define specific heat.
 Energy needed to raise 1 kg by 1 K (J/kg·K).
Q8: Define latent heat of fusion.
 Energy to melt 1 kg solid without temperature
change.
Q9: Define latent heat of vaporization.
 Energy to vaporize 1 kg liquid without
temperature change.
Q10: What affects evaporation rate?
 Surface area, temperature, humidity, airflow.
Q11: How does evaporation cool?
 Fast-moving molecules escape, lowering average
kinetic energy (temperature).

Chapter 9: Heat Transfer

Q1: Why are metals good heat conductors?

 Free electrons transfer energy quickly.
Q2: Explain:
 (a) Metal feels colder than wood: Conducts heat
from hand faster.

Ali Mahran Haider, [Link] Chemistry, SEEK School & College, Sahiwal.
If you find it in your heart and consider it beneficial, please recite Surah Al-Fatiha and Surah Al-Ikhlas for the soul of my late
brother and beloved mother. May Allah grant them the highest place in Jannah .