Design Guide

VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360

90–315 kW, Enclosure Sizes J8–J9

[Link] |
Design Guide | VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360

Contents
1 Introduction

1.1 Purpose of the Design Guide 9

1.2 Additional Resources 9

1.3 Document Version 9

1.4 Approvals and Certifications 9

1.4.1 CE Mark 9

1.4.2 Low Voltage Directive 10

1.4.3 EMC Directive 10

2 Safety

2.1 Safety Symbols 11

2.2 Qualified Personnel 11

2.3 Safety Precautions 12

3 Product Overview and Features

3.1 Power Ratings, Weights, and Dimensions 14

3.2 Automated Operational Features 14

3.2.1 Introduction 14

3.2.2 Short-circuit Protection 14

3.2.3 Overvoltage Protection 15

3.2.4 Missing Motor Phase Detection 15

3.2.5 Supply Voltage Imbalance Detection 15

3.2.6 Switching on the Output 16

3.2.7 Overload Protection 16

3.2.8 Locked Rotor Protection 16

3.2.9 Automatic Derating 16

3.2.10 Automatic Energy Optimization 17

3.2.11 Automatic Switching Frequency Modulation 17

3.2.12 Automatic Derating for High Switching Frequency 17

3.2.13 Power Fluctuation Performance 17

3.2.14 Resonance Damping 17

3.2.15 Temperature-controlled Fans 17

3.2.16 EMC Compliance 18

3.2.17 Galvanic Isolation of Control Terminals 18

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3.3 Custom Application Features 18

3.3.1 Introduction 18

3.3.2 Automatic Motor Adaptation 18

3.3.3 Process PID Controller 18

3.3.4 Motor Thermal Protection 18

3.3.5 Mains Dropout 19

3.3.6 Automatic Restart 20

3.3.7 Full Torque at Reduced Speed 20

3.3.8 Frequency Bypass 20

3.3.9 Motor Preheat 20

3.3.10 Programmable Setups 20

3.3.11 Smart Logic Control (SLC) 20

3.4 Dynamic Braking 22

3.5 Back-channel Cooling 22

3.5.1 Overview 22

3.5.2 Airflow for J8 & J9 Enclosures 23

4 Options and Accessories Overview

4.1 Fieldbus Devices 24

4.1.1 Overview 24

4.1.2 VLT® PROFIBUS DP-V1 MCA 101 24

4.1.3 VLT® PROFINET MCA 120 24

4.2 Functional Extensions 24

4.2.1 Overview 24

4.2.2 VLT® Encoder Input MCB 102 24

4.2.3 VLT® Resolver Option MCB 103 24

4.2.4 VLT® 24 V DC Supply MCB 107 24

4.2.5 VLT® Sensor Input Option MCB 114 25

5 Specifications

5.1 Electrical Data 26

5.2 Mains Supply (L1, L2, L3) 27

5.3 Motor Output (U, V, W) 28

5.4 Torque Characteristics 28

5.5 Ambient Conditions 28

5.6 Cable Lengths and Cross-sections 29

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5.7 Digital Inputs 29

5.8 Analog Inputs 30

5.9 Pulse Inputs 30

5.10 Digital Outputs 31

5.11 Analog Outputs 31

5.12 Relay Outputs 31

5.13 Control Card, RS485 Serial Communication 32

5.14 Control Card, 24 V DC Output 33

5.15 Control Card, +10 V DC Output 33

5.16 Control Characteristics 33

5.17 Control Card Performance 33

5.18 Exterior and Terminal Dimensions 34

5.18.1 J8 Exterior Dimensions 34

5.18.2 J8 Terminal Dimensions 37

5.18.3 J9 Exterior Dimensions 39

5.18.4 J9 Terminal Dimensions 42

6 Mechanical Installation Considerations

6.1 Storage 44

6.2 Lifting the Unit 44

6.3 Operating Environment 45

6.3.1 Operating Environment Overview 45

6.3.2 Gases 45

6.3.3 Dust 45

6.4 Mounting Configurations 45

6.5 Cooling 46

6.6 Derating 46

6.6.1 Overview of Derating 46

6.6.2 Derating for Low-Speed Operation 47

6.6.3 Derating for Altitude 47

6.6.4 Derating for Ambient Temperature and Switching Frequency 48

7 Electrical Installation Considerations

7.1 Safety Instructions 49

7.2 Wiring Diagram 50

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7.3 Power Connections 51

7.4 Control Wiring and Terminals 52

7.4.1 Correct Grounding of Control Cables 52

7.4.2 Control Cable Routing 54

7.4.3 Control Terminals 54

7.5 Fuses and Circuit Breakers 56

7.6 Motor 57

7.6.1 Motor Rotation 57

7.6.2 Motor Thermal Protection 58

7.6.3 Parallel Connection of Motors 58

7.6.4 Motor Insulation 60

7.6.5 Motor Bearing Currents 60

7.7 Residual Current Devices (RCD) and Insulation Resistance Monitor (IRM) 60

7.8 Leakage Current 61

7.9 IT Mains 63

7.10 Efficiency 64

7.11 Acoustic Noise 65

7.12 dU/dt Conditions 65

7.13 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) 66

7.13.1 Overview 66

7.13.2 EMC Test Results 67

7.13.3 Emission Requirements 68

7.13.4 Immunity Requirements 68

7.13.5 EMC Compatibility 69

7.13.6 EMC-compliant Installation 70

7.14 Harmonics 73

7.14.1 Harmonics Overview 73

7.14.2 Harmonic Analysis 73

7.14.3 Effect of Harmonics in a Power Distribution System 74

7.14.4 IEC Harmonic Standards 75

7.14.5 Harmonic Compliance 76

8 Basic Operating Principles of a Drive

8.1 Introduction 77

8.2 Description of Operation 77

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8.3 Drive Controls 77

8.3.1 Overview of Drive Controls 77

8.3.2 Reference Handling 78

[Link] Local and Remote Reference 78

[Link] Reference Limits 80

[Link] Scaling of Preset References and Bus References 81

[Link] Scaling of Analog and Pulse References and Feedback 82

[Link] Dead Band Around Zero 83

8.3.3 Control Structures 85

[Link] Control Principle 85

[Link] Control Modes 85

8.3.4 Control Processing 86

[Link] Control Structure in VVC+ 86

[Link] Control Structure in Flux Sensorless 87

[Link] Control Structure in Flux with Motor Feedback 87

9 RS485 Installation and Setup

9.1 Introduction 89

9.1.1 Overview 89

9.1.2 Network Connection 90

9.1.3 Hardware Setup 90

9.1.4 Parameter Settings for Modbus Communication 90

9.1.5 EMC Precautions 91

9.2 FC Protocol 91

9.2.1 Overview 91

9.2.2 FC with Modbus RTU 92

9.3 FC Protocol Network Configuration 92

9.4 FC Protocol Message Framing Structure 92

9.4.1 Content of a Character (byte) 92

9.4.2 Telegram Structure 93

9.4.3 Telegram Length (LGE) 93

9.4.4 Drive Address (ADR) 93

9.4.5 Data Control Byte (BCC) 93

9.4.6 The Data Field 93

9.4.7 The PKE Field 94

9.4.8 Parameter Number (PNU) 96

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9.4.9 Index (IND) 96

9.4.10 Parameter Value (PWE) 96

9.4.11 Data Types Supported by the Drive 97

9.4.12 Conversion 97

9.4.13 Process Words (PCD) 98

9.5 Examples 98

9.5.1 Writing a Parameter Value 98

9.5.2 Reading a Parameter Value 98

9.6 Modbus RTU 99

9.6.1 Prerequisite Knowledge 99

9.6.2 Overview 99

9.6.3 Drive with Modbus RTU 100

9.7 Modbus RTU Network Configuration 100

9.8 Modbus RTU Message Framing Structure 101

9.8.1 Introduction 101

9.8.2 Modbus RTU Telegram Structure 101

9.8.3 Start/Stop Field 101

9.8.4 Address Field 102

9.8.5 Function Field 102

9.8.6 Data Field 102

9.8.7 CRC Check Field 102

9.8.8 Coil Register Addressing 102

9.8.9 How to Control the Drive 105

9.8.10 Function Codes Supported by Modbus RTU 105

9.8.11 Modbus Exception Codes 106

9.9 How to Access Parameters 106

9.9.1 Parameter Handling 106

9.9.2 Storage of Data 107

9.9.3 IND (Index) 107

9.9.4 Text Blocks 107

9.9.5 Conversion Factor 107

9.9.6 Parameter Values 107

9.10 Examples 107

9.10.1 Overview of the Examples 107

9.10.2 Read Coil Status (01 hex) 107

9.10.3 Force/Write Single Coil (05 hex) 108

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9.10.4 Force/Write Multiple Coils (0F hex) 109

9.10.5 Read Holding Registers (03 hex) 110

9.10.6 Preset Single Register (06 hex) 111

9.10.7 Preset Multiple Registers (10 hex) 112

9.11 Danfoss FC Control Profile 113

9.11.1 Control Word According to FC Profile (8-10 Protocol = FC Profile) 113

9.11.2 Status Word According to FC Profile (STW) 116

9.11.3 Bus Speed Reference Value 118

10 Application Examples

10.1 Introduction 120

10.2 AMA 120

10.3 Speed 121

10.4 Start/Stop 124

10.5 External Alarm Reset 125

10.6 Motor Thermistor 125

10.7 Encoder Connection 127

10.8 Encoder Direction 129

10.9 Closed-loop Drive System 129

11 How to Order a Drive

11.1 Drive Configurator 130

11.2 Ordering VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360 Enclosure Size J8–J9 130

11.3 Ordering Accessories and Spare Parts 131

11.4 Ordering Filters and Brake Resistors 132

12 Appendix

12.1 Abbreviations and Symbols 133

12.2 Definitions 136

12.2.1 AC Drive 136

12.2.2 Input 136

12.2.3 Motor 136

12.2.4 References 138

12.2.5 Miscellaneous 138

12.3 Conventions 141

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1 Introduction
1.1 Purpose of the Design Guide
This design guide is intended for qualified personnel, such as:

l Project and systems engineers.

l Design consultants.
l Application and product specialists.

The design guide provides technical information to understand the capabilities of the drive for integration into motor control and
monitoring systems. Its purpose is to provide design considerations and planning data for integration of the drive into a system. It caters
for selection of drives and options for a diversity of applications and installations. Reviewing the detailed product information in the
design stage enables developing a well-conceived system with optimal functionality and efficiency.

This manual is targeted at a worldwide audience. Therefore, wherever occurring, both SI and imperial units are shown.

VLT® is a registered trademark for Danfoss A/S.

1.2 Additional Resources

Other resources are available to understand advanced drive functions and programming.

l The operating guide provides detailed information for the installation and start-up of the drive.
l The programming guide provides greater detail on working with parameters and many application examples.
l Instructions for operation with optional equipment.

Supplementary publications and manuals are available from Danfoss website [Link].

1.3 Document Version

This guide is regularly reviewed and updated. All suggestions for improvement are welcome.

The original language of this manual is English.

Table 1: Document Version

Edition Remarks

AJ435824192086, version 0101 First edition.

1.4 Approvals and Certifications

1.4.1 CE Mark
The CE mark (Conformité Européenne) indicates that the product manufacturer conforms to all applicable EU directives.

The EU directives applicable to the design and manufacture of drives are:

l The Low Voltage Directive.

l The EMC Directive.
l The Machinery Directive (for units with an integrated safety function).

The CE mark is intended to eliminate technical barriers to free trade between the EC and EFTA states inside the ECU. The CE mark does
not regulate the quality of the product. Technical specifications cannot be deduced from the CE mark.

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1.4.2 Low Voltage Directive

Drives are classified as electronic components and must be CE-labeled in accordance with the Low Voltage Directive. The directive
applies to all electrical equipment in the 50–1000 V AC and the 75–1500 V DC voltage ranges.

The directive mandates that the equipment design must ensure the safety and health of people and livestock, and the preservation of
material by ensuring the equipment is properly installed, maintained, and used as intended. Danfoss CE labels comply with the Low
Voltage Directive, and Danfoss provides a declaration of conformity upon request.

1.4.3 EMC Directive

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) means that electromagnetic interference between pieces of equipment does not hinder their
performance. The basic protection requirement of the EMC Directive 2014/30/EU states that devices that generate electromagnetic
interference (EMI) or whose operation could be affected by EMI must be designed to limit the generation of electromagnetic interference
and shall have a suitable degree of immunity to EMI when properly installed, maintained, and used as intended.

A drive can be used as a standalone device or as part of a more complex installation. Devices in either of these cases must bear the CE
mark. Systems do not have to be CE-marked but must comply with the basic protection requirements of the EMC directive.

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2 Safety
2.1 Safety Symbols
The following symbols are used in Danfoss documentation.

DANGER
Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury.

WARNING
Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury.

CAUTION
Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury.

NOTICE
Indicates information considered important, but not hazard-related (for example, messages relating to property damage).

The guide also includes ISO warning symbols related to hot surfaces and burn hazard, high voltage and electrical shock, and referring to
the instructions.

ISO warning symbol for hot surfaces and burn hazard

ISO warning symbol for high voltage and electrical shock

ISO action symbol for referring to the instructions

2.2 Qualified Personnel

Correct and reliable transport, storage, installation, operation, and maintenance are required for the trouble-free and safe operation of
the drive. Only qualified personnel are allowed to install and operate this equipment.

Qualified personnel are defined as trained staff, who are authorized to install, commission, and maintain equipment, systems, and
circuits in accordance with pertinent laws and regulations. Also, the qualified personnel must be familiar with the instructions and safety
measures described in this manual.

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2.3 Safety Precautions

WARNING
HIGH VOLTAGE
Drives contain high voltage when connected to AC mains input, DC supply, load sharing, or permanent
motors. Failure to use qualified personnel to install, start up, and maintain the drive can result in death or
serious injury.
l Only qualified personnel must install, start up, and maintain the drive.
l Before performing any service or repair work, use an appropriate voltage measuring device to make sure
that there is no remaining voltage on the drive.

WARNING
UNINTENDED START
When the drive is connected to AC mains, DC supply, or load sharing, the motor may start at any time.
Unintended start during programming, service, or repair work can result in death, serious injury, or property
damage. Start the motor with an external switch, a fieldbus command, an input reference signal from the local
control panel (LCP), via remote operation using MCT 10 software, or after a cleared fault condition.
l Disconnect the drive from the mains.
l Press [Off/Reset] on the LCP before programming parameters.
l Ensure that the drive is fully wired and assembled when it is connected to AC mains, DC supply, or load
sharing.

WARNING
DISCHARGE TIME (20 MINUTES)
The drive contains DC-link capacitors, which can remain charged even when the drive is not powered. High
voltage can be present even when the warning LED indicator lights are off.
Failure to wait 20 minutes after power has been removed before performing service or repair work can result
in death or serious injury.
l Stop the motor.
l Disconnect AC mains and remote DC-link power supplies, including battery back-ups, UPS, and DC-link
connections to other drives.
l Disconnect or lock PM motor.
l Wait for the capacitors to discharge fully. The minimum waiting time is 20 minutes.
l Before performing any service or repair work, use an appropriate voltage measuring device to make sure
that the capacitors are fully discharged.

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WARNING
ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD - LEAKAGE CURRENT HAZARD >3.5 MA
Leakage currents exceed 3.5 mA. Failure to connect the drive properly to protective earth (PE) can result in
death or serious injury.
l Ensure reinforced protective earthing conductor according to IEC 60364-5-54 cl. 543.7 or according to
local safety regulations for high touch current equipment. The reinforced protective earthing of the drive
can be done with:

l a PE conductor with a cross-section of at least 10 mm2 (8 AWG) Cu or 16 mm2 (6 AWG) Al.

l an extra PE conductor of the same cross-sectional area as the original PE conductor as specified by IEC
60364-5-54 with a minimum cross-sectional area of 2.5 mm2 (14 AWG) (mechanically protected) or 4 mm2
(12 AWG) (not mechanically protected).
l a PE conductor completely enclosed with an enclosure or otherwise protected throughout its length
against mechanical damage.
l a PE conductor part of a multi-conductor power cable with a minimum PE conductor cross-section of 2.5
mm2 (14 AWG) (permanently connected or pluggable by an industrial connector. The multi-conductor
power cable shall be installed with an appropriate strain relief).
l NOTE: In IEC/EN 60364-5-54 cl. 543.7 and some application standards (for example IEC/EN 60204-1), the
limit for requiring reinforced protective earthing conductor is 10 mA leakage current.

WARNING
EQUIPMENT HAZARD
Contact with rotating shafts and electrical equipment can result in death or serious injury.
l Ensure that only trained and qualified personnel perform installation, start-up, and maintenance.
l Ensure that electrical work conforms to national and local electrical codes.
l Follow the procedures in this guide.

CAUTION
INTERNAL FAILURE HAZARD
An internal failure in the drive can result in serious injury when the drive is not properly closed.
l Ensure that all safety covers are in place and securely fastened before applying power.

NOTICE
HIGH ALTITUDES
l For installation at altitudes above 2000 m (6562 ft), contact Danfoss regarding PELV.

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3 Product Overview and Features

3.1 Power Ratings, Weights, and Dimensions
For enclosure sizes and power ratings of the drives, refer to the following table. For more dimensions, see the chapter Exterior and
Terminal Dimensions.

Table 2: Power Ratings, Weights, and Dimensions, Enclosure Sizes J8–J9, 380–480 V

Enclosure size J8 J9

IP 20 20

NEMA Chassis Chassis

Shipping dimensions [mm (in)] Height 587 (23) 587 (23)

Width 997 (39) 1170 (46)

Depth 460 (18) 535 (21)

Drive dimensions [mm (in)] Height 909 (36) 1122 (44)

Width 250 (10) 350 (14)

Depth 375 (15) 375 (15)

Maximum weight [kg (lb)] 98 (216) 164 (362)

3.2 Automated Operational Features

3.2.1 Introduction
Automated operational features are active when the drive is operating. Most of them require no programming or setup. The drive has a
range of built-in protection functions to protect itself and the motor when it runs.

For details of any setup required, in particular motor parameters, refer to the programming guide.

3.2.2 Short-circuit Protection

Motor (phase-to-phase)

The drive is protected against short circuits on the motor side by current measurement in each of the 3 motor phases. A short circuit
between 2 output phases causes an overcurrent in the inverter. The inverter is turned off when the short-circuit current exceeds the
allowed value (Alarm 16, Trip Lock).

Mains side

A drive that works correctly limits the current it can draw from the supply. Still, it is recommended to use fuses and/or circuit breakers on
the supply side as protection if there is component break-down inside the drive (1st fault).

NOTICE
To ensure compliance with IEC 60364 for CE, it is mandatory to use fuses and/or circuit breakers.

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3.2.3 Overvoltage Protection

Motor-generated overvoltage

The voltage in the DC link is increased when the motor acts as a generator. This situation occurs in the following cases:

l The load rotates the motor at constant output frequency from the drive, that is, the load generates energy.
l During deceleration (ramp-down) if the inertia moment is high, the friction is low, and the ramp-down time is too short for the
energy to be dissipated as a loss throughout the drive system.
l Incorrect slip compensation setting causing higher DC-link voltage.
l Back EMF from PM motor operation. If coasted at a speed which is higher than nominal speed, the PM motor back EMF can
potentially exceed the maximum voltage tolerance of the drive and cause damage. To help prevent this situation, the value of
parameter 4-19 Max Output Frequency is automatically limited based on an internal calculation based on the value of parameter
1-40 Back EMF at 1000 RPM, parameter 1-25 Motor Nominal Speed, and parameter 1-39 Motor Poles.
l The overvoltage can be handled either using a brake function (parameter 2-10 Brake Function) and/or using overvoltage control
(parameter 2-17 Over-voltage Control).

Brake functions

AC brake is an alternative to improving braking without using a brake resistor. This function controls an over-magnetization of the motor
when the motor is acting as a generator. Increasing the electrical losses in the motor allows the OVC function to increase the braking
torque without exceeding the overvoltage limit.

NOTICE
AC brake is not as effective as dynamic braking with a resistor.

Overvoltage control (OVC)

By automatically extending the ramp-down time, OVC reduces the risk of the drive tripping due to an overvoltage on the DC link.

NOTICE
Do not enable OVC in hoisting applications.

Ground fault

The drive provides low-impedance ground fault protection and high-impedance ground fault protection due to configuration of current
transducer on the output phases. Depending on whether the LCP parameter 0-06 GridType is set to IT grid or not, different protection
algorithms are executed.

Ground fault is detected during start-up stage and on-the-fly stage. After receiving the protection signals, the drive is coasted.

3.2.4 Missing Motor Phase Detection

The missing motor phase function (parameter 4-58 Missing Motor Phase Function) is enabled by default to avoid motor damage if a
motor phase is missing. The default setting is 1000 ms, but it can be adjusted for faster detection.

3.2.5 Supply Voltage Imbalance Detection

Operation under severe supply voltage imbalance reduces the lifetime of the motor and drive. If the motor is operated continuously near
nominal load, conditions are considered severe. The default setting trips the drive if there is supply voltage imbalance.

A fast trip/warning option is available by utilizing LCP parameters (parameter 14-17 Fast Mains Phase Loss Level and parameter 14-18
Fast Mains Phase Loss Min Power) when a quick response to mains imbalance is expected.

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3.2.6 Switching on the Output

Adding a switch to the output between the motor and the drive is allowed, however fault messages can appear.

3.2.7 Overload Protection

Power Limit

A power limit function limits the power distributed to the motor (power limit motor mode). Also, the power limit function can limit
generative power fed back into the mains supply (AFE) or fed to a brake resistor (power limit generator mode). The power limit function
is designed for flux open-loop control/closed-loop control and can be used for all motor types with flux control core (ASMPM).

Torque limit

The torque limit feature protects the motor against overload, independent of the speed. Torque limit is controlled in parameter 4-16
Torque Limit Motor Mode and parameter 4-17 Torque Limit Generator Mode. The time before the torque limit warning trips is controlled
in parameter 14-25 Trip Delay at Torque Limit.

Current limit

The current limit is controlled in parameter 4-18 Current Limit, and the time before the drive trips is controlled in parameter 14-24 Trip
Delay at Current Limit.

Speed limit

l Minimum speed limit: parameter 4-12 Motor Speed Low Limit [Hz] limits the minimum operating speed range of the drive.
l Maximum speed limit: parameter 4-19 Max Output Frequency limits the maximum output speed that the drive can provide.

Electronic thermal relay (ETR)

ETR is an electronic feature that simulates a bimetal relay based on internal measurements. The characteristic is shown in the illustration
in 3.3.4 Motor Thermal Protection.

Overvoltage

The inverter turns off to protect the transistors and the DC link capacitors when a certain hard-coded voltage level is reached.

Overtemperature

The drive has built-in temperature sensors and reacts immediately to critical values via hard-coded limits.

3.2.8 Locked Rotor Protection

There can be situations when the rotor is locked due to excessive load or other factors. The locked rotor cannot produce enough
cooling, which in turn can overheat the motor winding. The drive is able to detect the locked rotor situation with PM VVC+/flux control
(parameter 30-22 Locked Rotor Protection).

3.2.9 Automatic Derating

The drive constantly checks for the following critical levels:

l High temperature on the control card or heat sink.

l High motor load.
l High DC-link voltage.
l Low motor speed.

As a response to a critical level, the drive adjusts the switching frequency. For high internal temperatures and low motor speed, the drive
can also force the PWM pattern to SFAVM.

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NOTICE
The automatic derating is different when parameter 14-55 Output Filter is set to [1] Sine-Wave Filter.

3.2.10 Automatic Energy Optimization

Automatic energy optimization (AEO) directs the drive to monitor the load on the motor continuously and adjust the output voltage to
maximize efficiency. Under light load, the voltage is reduced and the motor current is minimized. The motor benefits from:

l Increased efficiency.
l Reduced heating.
l Quieter operation.

There is no need to select a V/Hz curve because the drive automatically adjusts motor voltage.

3.2.11 Automatic Switching Frequency Modulation

The drive generates short electrical pulses to form an AC wave pattern. The switching frequency is the rate of these pulses. A low
switching frequency (slow pulsing rate) causes audible noise in the motor, making a higher switching frequency preferable. A high
switching frequency, however, generates heat in the drive that can limit the amount of current available to the motor.

Automatic switching frequency modulation regulates these conditions automatically to provide the highest switching frequency
without overheating the drive. By providing a regulated high switching frequency, it quiets motor operating noise at slow speeds, when
audible noise control is critical, and produces full output power to the motor when required.

3.2.12 Automatic Derating for High Switching Frequency

The frequency range depends on power size and voltage rating. A switching frequency exceeding the maximum allowed range
generates increased heat in the drive and requires the output current to be derated.

An automatic feature of the drive is load-dependent switching frequency control. This feature allows the motor to benefit from as high a
switching frequency as the load allows.

3.2.13 Power Fluctuation Performance

The drive withstands mains fluctuations such as:

l Transients.
l Momentary drop-outs.
l Short voltage drops.
l Surges.

The drive automatically compensates for input voltages ±10% from the nominal to provide full rated motor voltage and torque. With
auto restart selected, the drive automatically powers up after a voltage trip. With flying start, the drive synchronizes to motor rotation
before start.

3.2.14 Resonance Damping

Resonance damping eliminates the high-frequency motor resonance noise. Automatic or manually selected frequency damping is
available.

3.2.15 Temperature-controlled Fans

Sensors in the drive regulate the operation of the internal cooling fans. Often, the cooling fans do not run during low load operation, or
when in sleep mode or standby. These sensors reduce noise, increase efficiency, and extend the operating life of the fan.

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3.2.16 EMC Compliance

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI) are disturbances that can affect an electrical circuit due to
electromagnetic induction or radiation from an external source. The drive is designed to comply with the EMC product standard for
drives IEC/EN 61800-3. Motor cables must be shielded and properly terminated to comply with the emission levels in EN 61800-3. For
more information regarding EMC performance, see chapter EMC Test Results.

3.2.17 Galvanic Isolation of Control Terminals

All control terminals and output relay terminals are galvanically isolated from mains power, which completely protects the controller
circuitry from the input current. The output relay terminals require their own grounding. This isolation meets the stringent protective
extra low voltage (PELV) requirements for isolation.

The components that make up the galvanic isolation are:

l Supply, including signal isolation.

l Gate drive for the IGBTs, trigger transformers, and optocouplers.
l The output current Hall effect transducers.

3.3 Custom Application Features

3.3.1 Introduction
Custom application functions are the most common features programmed in the drive for enhanced system performance. They require
minimum programming or setup. See the programming guide for instructions on activating these functions.

3.3.2 Automatic Motor Adaptation

Automatic motor adaptation (AMA) is an automated test procedure used to measure the electrical characteristics of the motor. AMA
provides an accurate electronic model of the motor, allowing the drive to calculate optimal performance and efficiency. Running the
AMA procedure also maximizes the automatic energy optimization feature of the drive. AMA is performed without the motor rotating
and without uncoupling the load from the motor.

3.3.3 Process PID Controller

The built-in proportional, integral, derivative (PID) controller eliminates the need for auxiliary control devices. The PID controller
maintains constant control of closed-loop systems where regulated pressure, flow, temperature, or other system requirements must be
maintained.

3.3.4 Motor Thermal Protection

To protect the application from serious damage, the drive offers several dedicated features.

Torque limit

The torque limit protects the motor from being overloaded independent of the speed. Torque limit is controlled in parameter 4-16
Torque Limit Motor Mode and parameter 4-17 Torque Limit Generator Mode. Parameter 14-25 Trip Delay at Torque Limit controls the
time before the torque limit warning trips.

Current limit

Parameter 4-18 Current Limit controls the current limit, and parameter 14-24 Trip Delay at Current Limit controls the time before the
current limit warning trips.

Minimum speed limit

Parameter 4-12 Motor Speed Low Limit [Hz] sets the minimum output speed that the drive can provide.

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Maximum speed limit

Parameter 4-14 Motor Speed High Limit [Hz] or parameter 4-19 Max Output Frequency sets the maximum output speed that the drive
can provide.

ETR (electronic thermal relay)

The drive ETR function measures the actual current, speed, and time to calculate motor temperature. The function also protects the
motor from being overheated (warning or trip). An external thermistor input is also available. ETR is an electronic feature that simulates a
bimetal relay based on internal measurements. The characteristic is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1: ETR

The X-axis shows the ratio between Imotor and Imotor nominal. The Y-axis shows the time in seconds before the ETR cuts off and trips the
drive. The curves show the characteristic nominal speed at twice the nominal speed and at 0.2 x the nominal speed.

At lower speed, the ETR cuts off at lower heat due to less cooling of the motor. In that way, the motor is protected from being overheated
even at low speed. The ETR feature calculates the motor temperature based on actual current and speed. The calculated temperature is
visible as a readout parameter in parameter 16-18 Motor Thermal.

The motor ETR function is based on NEMA thermal relay function Class 10.

NOTICE
The drive contains a software ETR function, which means that the drive has no information about what happens with the motor at
different ambient temperatures and/or what happens at 1000 m above sea level. The software ETR function cannot fully replace
a thermistor relay, because the thermistor relay includes a PTC sensor mounted on the motor, which is controlling the relay.
However, the software ETR function is flexible and takes different parameters into account to get the required results. Besides the
software ETR function, the drive has other protection features, for example, current limit and inverter thermal. In many situations,
these features protect the drive and motor against overloads.

3.3.5 Mains Dropout

During a mains dropout, the drive keeps running until the DC-link voltage drops below the minimum stop level. The minimum stop level
is typically 15% below the lowest rated supply voltage. The mains voltage before the dropout and the motor load determine how long it
takes for the drive to coast.

The drive can be configured (parameter 14-10 Mains Failure) to different types of behavior during mains dropout:

l Trip lock once the DC-link is exhausted.

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l Coast with flying start whenever mains return (parameter 1-73 Flying Start).
l Kinetic back-up.
l Controlled ramp down.

Flying start

This selection makes it possible to catch a motor that is spinning freely due to a mains dropout.

Kinetic back-up

This selection ensures that the drive runs as long as there is energy in the system. For short mains dropout, the operation is restored after
mains return, without bringing the application to a stop or losing control at any time. Several variants of kinetic back-up can be selected.

Configure the behavior of the drive at mains dropout in parameter 14-10 Mains Failure and parameter 1-73 Flying Start.

3.3.6 Automatic Restart

The drive can be programmed to restart the motor automatically after a minor trip, such as momentary power loss or fluctuation. This
feature eliminates the need for manual resetting and enhances automated operation for remotely controlled systems. The number of
restart attempts and the duration between attempts can be limited.

3.3.7 Full Torque at Reduced Speed

The drive follows a variable V/Hz curve to provide full motor torque even at reduced speeds. Full output torque can coincide with the
maximum designed operating speed of the motor. This drive differs from variable torque drives and constant torque drives. Variable
torque drives provide reduced motor torque at low speed. Constant torque drives provide excess voltage, heat, and motor noise at less
than full speed.

3.3.8 Frequency Bypass

In some applications, the system can have operational speeds that create a mechanical resonance. This mechanical resonance can
generate excessive noise and possibly damage mechanical components in the system. The drive has 4 programmable bypass-frequency
bandwidths. The bandwidths allow the motor to step over speeds that induce system resonance.

3.3.9 Motor Preheat

To preheat a motor in a cold or damp environment, a small amount of DC current can be trickled continuously into the motor to protect
it from condensation and cold starts. This function can eliminate the need for a space heater.

3.3.10 Programmable Setups

The drive has 2 setups that can be independently programmed. Using multi-setup, it is possible to switch between independently
programmed functions activated by digital inputs or a serial command. Independent setups are used, for example, to change references,
or for day/night or summer/winter operation, or to control multiple motors. The LCP shows the active setup. Setup data can be copied
from drive to drive by downloading the information from the removable LCP.

3.3.11 Smart Logic Control (SLC)

Smart logic control (SLC) is a sequence of user-defined actions (see parameter 13-52 SL Controller Action [x]) executed by the SLC when
the associated user-defined event (see parameter 13-51 SL Controller Event [x]) is evaluated as TRUE by the SLC.

The condition for an event can be a particular status, or that the output from a logic rule or a comparator operand becomes TRUE. The
condition leads to an associated action as shown in the following illustration.

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e30bb671.14
Par. 13-51 Par. 13-52
SL Controller Event SL Controller Action

Running Coast
Warning Start timer
Torque limit Set Do X low
Digital input X 30/2 Select setup 2
... ...

Par. 13-43
Logic Rule Operator 2

...
...

Par. 13-11
Comparator Operator

=
TRUE longer than..

...
...

Figure 2: SLC Event and Action

Events and actions are each numbered and linked in pairs (states), which means that when event [0] is fulfilled (attains the value TRUE),
action [0] is executed. After the 1st action is executed, the conditions of the next event are evaluated. If this event is evaluated as true,
then the corresponding action is executed. Only 1 event is evaluated at any time. If an event is evaluated as false, nothing happens in
the SLC during the current scan interval, and no other events are evaluated. When the SLC starts, it only evaluates event [0] during each
scan interval. Only when event [0] is evaluated as true, the SLC executes action [0] and starts evaluating the next event. It is possible to
program 1–20 events and actions. When the last event/action has been executed, the sequence starts over again from event [0]/action
[0]. The following illustration shows an example with 4 event/actions:
e30ba062.15

Start
event P13-01

State 1
13-51.0
13-52.0 State 2
Stop 13-51.1
event P13-02 13-52.1

Stop
event P13-02
State 4
13-51.3
13-52.3
State 3
13-51.2
13-52.2

Stop
event P13-02

Figure 3: Order of Execution when 4 Events/Actions are Programmed

Comparators

Comparators are used for comparing continuous variables (output frequency, output current, analog input, and so on) to fixed preset
values.

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e30bb672.10
Par. 13-11
Comparator Operator
Par. 13-10
Comparator Operand
=
Par. 13-12 TRUE longer than.
Comparator Value ...
...

Figure 4: Comparators

Logic rules

Combine up to 3 boolean inputs (TRUE/FALSE inputs) from timers, comparators, digital inputs, status bits, and events using the logical
operators AND, OR, and NOT.

e30bb673.10
Par. 13-41 Par. 13-43
Logic Rule Operator 1 Logic Rule Operator 2
Par. 13-40
Logic Rule Boolean 1
Par. 13-42
Logic Rule Boolean 2 . . .
... ...
...

Par. 13-44
Logic Rule Boolean 3

Figure 5: Logic Rules

3.4 Dynamic Braking

Dynamic braking slows the motor using 1 of the following methods:

l AC brake
The brake energy is distributed in the motor by changing the loss conditions in the motor (parameter 2-10 Brake Function = [2]). The
AC brake function cannot be used in applications with high cycling frequency since this situation overheats the motor.
l DC brake
An over-modulated DC current added to the AC current works as an eddy current brake (parameter 2-02 DC Braking Time ≠ 0 s).

3.5 Back-channel Cooling

3.5.1 Overview
A unique back channel duct passes cooling air over the heat sinks with minimal air passing through the electronics area. There is an IP54/
Type 12 seal between the back-channel cooling duct and the electronics area of the drive. This back-channel cooling allows 90% of the
heat losses to be exhausted directly outside the enclosure. This design improves reliability and prolongs component life by dramatically
reducing interior temperatures and contamination of the electronic components. Different back-channel cooling kits are available to
redirect the airflow based on individual needs.

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3.5.2 Airflow for J8 & J9 Enclosures

e30bg823.10
225 mm (8.9 in)

225 mm (8.9 in)

Figure 6: Standard Airflow Configuration for Enclosures J8 and J9

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4 Options and Accessories Overview

4.1 Fieldbus Devices
4.1.1 Overview
This chapter describes the fieldbus devices that are available with the drive. Using a fieldbus device reduces system cost, delivers faster
and more efficient communication, and provides an easier user interface.

4.1.2 VLT® PROFIBUS DP-V1 MCA 101

The VLT® PROFIBUS DP-V1 MCA 101 provides:

l Wide compatibility, a high level of availability, support for all major PLC vendors, and compatibility with future versions.
l Fast, efficient communication, transparent installation, advanced diagnosis, and parameterization and auto-configuration of process
data via a GSD file.
l Acyclic parameterization using PROFIBUS DP-V1, PROFIdrive, or Danfoss FC profile state machines.

4.1.3 VLT® PROFINET MCA 120

The VLT® PROFINET MCA 120 combines the highest performance with the highest degree of openness. The option is designed so that
many of the features from the VLT® PROFIBUS MCA 101 can be reused, minimizing user effort to migrate PROFINET and securing the
investment in a PLC program.

l Same PPO types as the VLT® PROFIBUS DP-V1 MCA 101 for easy migration to PROFINET.
l Built-in web server for remote diagnosis and reading out of basic drive parameters.
l Supports MRP.
l Implementation in accordance with Conformance Class B.

4.2 Functional Extensions

4.2.1 Overview
This chapter describes the functional extension options that are available with the drive.

4.2.2 VLT® Encoder Input MCB 102

The VLT® Encoder Input MCB 102 option offers the possibility to connect various types of incremental and absolute encoders. The
connected encoder can be used for closed loop speed control.

4.2.3 VLT® Resolver Option MCB 103

The VLT® Resolver Option MCB 103 option enables connection of a resolver to provide speed feedback from the motor.

l Primary voltage: 2–8 Vrms.

l Primary frequency: 2.0–15 kHz.
l Primary maximum current: 50 mA rms.
l Secondary input voltage: 4 Vrms.
l Spring-loaded connection.

4.2.4 VLT® 24 V DC Supply MCB 107

VLT® 24 V DC Supply MCB 107 connects an external DC supply to keep the control compartment and any installed option functioning
during power failure. VLT® 24 V DC Supply MCB 107 also enables full operation of the LCP (including the parameter setting) and all
installed options without connection to mains.

l Input voltage range: 24 V DC +/15% (maximum 37 V for 10 s)

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l Maximum input current: 2.2 A

l Maximum cable length: 75 m (246 ft)
l Input capacitance load: < 10 uF
l Power up delay: < 0.6 s

4.2.5 VLT® Sensor Input Option MCB 114

The VLT® Sensor Input Option MCB 114 protects the motor from being overheated by monitoring the temperature of motor bearings and
windings.

l 3 self-detecting sensor inputs for 2 or 3-wire PT100/PT1000 sensors.

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5 Specifications
5.1 Electrical Data
Table 3: Electrical Data for Normal Overload, Mains Supply 3x380–480 V AC

Drive Q110 Q132 Q160 Q200 Q250 Q315

Enclosure size J8 J8 J8 J9 J9 J9

Normal overload=110% current during 60 s

Typical shaft output at 400 V [kW] 110 132 160 200 250 315

Typical shaft output at 460 V [hp] 150 200 250 300 350 450

Output current (3-phase)

Continuous (at 400 V) [A] 212 260 315 395 480 588

Intermittent (60 s overload) (at 400 V) [A] 233 286 347 435 528 647

Continuous (at 460 V) [A] 190 240 302 361 443 535

Intermittent (60 s overload) (at 460 V) [A] 209 264 332 397 487 589

Continuous kVA (at 400 V) [kVA] 147 180 218 274 333 407

Continuous kVA (at 460 V) [kVA] 151 191 241 288 353 426

Maximum input current

Continuous (at 400 V) [A] 204 251 304 381 463 567

Continuous (at 460 V) [A] 183 231 291 348 427 516

Maximum number and size of cables per phase

Mains and motor [mm2 (AWG)] 2x95 (2x3/0) 2x185 (2x350 mcm)

Maximum external mains fuses [A] 315 350 400 550 630 800

Estimated power loss at 400 V [W] 2559 2954 3770 4116 5137 6674

Estimated power loss at 460 V [W] 2261 2724 3628 3569 4566 5714

Efficiency [%] 98

Output frequency [Hz] 0–590

Heat sink overtemperature trip [°C (°F)] 110 (230)

Control card overtemperature trip [°C (°F)] 75 (167) 80 (176)

Table 4: Electrical Data for High Overload, Mains Supply 3x380–480 V AC

Drive H90K H110 H132 H160 H200 H250

Enclosure size J8 J8 J8 J9 J9 J9

High overload=150% current during 60 s

Typical shaft output at 400 V [kW] 90 110 132 160 200 250

Typical shaft output at 460 V [hp] 125 150 200 250 300 350

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Table 4: Electrical Data for High Overload, Mains Supply 3x380–480 V AC (continued)

Drive H90K H110 H132 H160 H200 H250

Output current (3-phase)

Continuous (at 400 V) [A] 177 212 260 315 395 480

Intermittent (60 s overload) (at 400 V) [A] 266 318 390 473 593 720

Continuous (at 460 V) [A] 160 190 240 302 361 443

Intermittent (60 s overload) (at 460 V) [A] 240 285 360 453 542 665

Continuous kVA (at 400 V) [kVA] 123 147 180 218 274 333

Continuous kVA (at 460 V) [kVA] 127 151 191 241 288 353

Maximum input current

Continuous (at 400 V) [A] 171 204 251 304 381 463

Continuous (at 460 V) [A] 154 183 231 291 348 427

Maximum number and size of cables per phase

Mains and motor [mm2 (AWG)] 2x95 (2x3/0) 2x185 (2x350 mcm)

Maximum external mains fuses [A] 315 350 400 550 630 800

Estimated power loss at 400 V [W] 2031 2289 2923 3093 4039 5004

Estimated power loss at 460 V [W] 1828 2051 2089 2872 3575 4458

Efficiency [%] 98

Output frequency [Hz] 0–590

Heat sink overtemperature trip [°C (°F)] 110 (230)

Control card overtemperature trip [°C (°F)] 75 (167) 80 (176)

5.2 Mains Supply (L1, L2, L3)

Supply voltage 380–480 V ±10%

Supply frequency 50/60 Hz ±5%

Maximum imbalance temporary between mains phases 3.0% of rated supply voltage(1)

True power factor (λ) ≥0.9 nominal at rated load

Displacement power factor (cos Φ) near unity >0.98

Switching on input supply L1, L2, L3 (power-ups) Maximum 1 time/2 minute

Environment according to EN60664-1 Overvoltage category III/pollution degree 2

1) Calculations based on IEC61800-3.

Mains voltage low/mains voltage drop-out:

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During low mains voltage or a mains dropout, the drive continues until the DC-link voltage drops below the minimum stop level, which
corresponds typically to 15% below the lowest rated supply voltage of the drive. Power-up and full torque cannot be expected at mains
voltage lower than 10% below the lowest rated supply voltage of the drive.

The drive is suitable for use on a circuit capable of delivering up to 100 kA short-circuit current rating (SCCR) at 480/600 V.

5.3 Motor Output (U, V, W)

Output voltage 0–100% of supply voltage

Output frequency in U/f mode (for AM motor) 0–500 Hz

Output frequency in VVC+ mode (for AM motor) 0–200 Hz

Output frequency in VVC+ mode (for PM motor) 0–400 Hz

Switching on output Unlimited

Ramp times 0.01–3600 s

5.4 Torque Characteristics

Starting torque (constant torque) Maximum 150% for 60 s(1)(2)

Overload torque (constant torque) Maximum 150% for 60 s(1)(2)

1) Percentage relates to the nominal current of the drive.

2) Once every 10 minutes.

5.5 Ambient Conditions

J8/J9 enclosure size IP20/Chassis

Vibration test (standard/ruggedized) 0.7 g

Relative humidity 5%–95% (IEC 721-3-3; Class 3K3 (non-condensing) during opera-
tion)

Aggressive environment (IEC 60068-2-43) H2S test Class Kd

Aggressive gases (IEC 60721-3-3) Class 3C3

Test method according to IEC 60068-2-43 H2S (10 days)

Ambient temperature (at SFAVM switching mode)

- with derating Maximum 55 °C (131 °F)(1)

- with full output power of typical EFF2 motors (up to 90% output Maximum 50 °C (122 °F)(1)
current)

- at full continuous FC output current Maximum 45 °C (113 °F)(1)

Minimum ambient temperature during full-scale operation -15 °C (5 °F)

Minimum ambient temperature at reduced performance -20 °C (-4 °F)

Temperature during storage/transport -25 to +65/70 °C (13 to 149/158 °F)

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Maximum altitude above sea level without derating 1000 m (3281 ft)

Maximum altitude above sea level with derating 3000 m (9842 ft)

EMC standards EN 61800-3

Energy efficiency class(2) IE2

1) For more information on derating, see chapter Derating.

2) Determined according to EN 50598-2 at:

•. Rated load.
•. 90% rated frequency.
•. Switching frequency factory setting.
•. Switching pattern factory setting.

5.6 Cable Lengths and Cross-sections

Maximum motor cable length, shielded 150 m (492 ft)

Maximum motor cable length, unshielded 300 m (984 ft)

Maximum cross-section to motor and mains See chapter Electrical Data

Maximum cross-section to control terminals, rigid wire 1.5 mm2/16 AWG (2x0.75 mm2)

Maximum cross-section to control terminals, flexible cable 1 mm2/18 AWG

Maximum cross-section to control terminals, cable with enclosed 0.5 mm2/20 AWG
core

Minimum cross-section to control terminals 0.25 mm2/23 AWG

5.7 Digital Inputs

Programmable digital inputs 7

Terminal number 18, 19, 27, 29, 31, 32, 33(1)

Logic PNP or NPN

Voltage level 0–24 V DC

Voltage level, logic 0 PNP < 5 V DC

Voltage level, logic 1 PNP > 10 V DC

Voltage level, logic 0 NPN > 19 V DC

Voltage level, logic 1 NPN < 14 V DC

Maximum voltage on input 28 V DC

Pulse frequency range 4 Hz–32 kHz

(Duty cycle) minimum pulse width 4.5 ms

Input resistance, Ri Approximately 4 kΩ

1) Terminals 27 and 29 can also be programmed as output.

All digital inputs are galvanically isolated from the supply voltage (PELV) and other high voltage terminals.

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5.8 Analog Inputs

Number of analog inputs 2

Terminal number 53, 54

Modes Voltage or current

Mode select Software

Voltage level 0–10 V

Input resistance, Ri Approximately 10 kΩ

Maximum voltage -15 V to +20 V

Current level 0/4 to 20 mA (scaleable)

Input resistance, Ri Approximately 200 Ω

Maximum current 30 mA

Resolution for analog inputs 11 bit

Accuracy of analog inputs Maximum error 0.5% of full-scale

Bandwidth 100 Hz

The analog inputs are galvanically isolated from the supply voltage (PELV) and other high voltage terminals.
e30bd310.10

PELV isolation

+ 24 V
Control Mains
18

High
voltage Motor
31
Functional
isolation

RS-485 DC Bus

Figure 7: Analog Inputs

NOTICE
HIGH ALTITUDES
l For installation at altitudes above 2000 m (6562 ft), contact Danfoss regarding PELV.

5.9 Pulse Inputs

Programmable pulse inputs 2

Terminal number pulse 29, 33

Maximum frequency at terminal 29, 33 (push-pull driven) 32 kHz

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Maximum frequency at terminal 29, 33 (open collector) 5 kHz

Minimum frequency at terminal 29, 33 4 Hz

Voltage level See the section on digital input

Maximum voltage on input 28 V DC

Input resistance, Ri Approximately 4 kΩ

Pulse input accuracy Maximum error: 0.1% of full-scale

5.10 Digital Outputs

Programmable digital/pulse outputs 2

Terminal number 27, 29(1)

Voltage level at digital/frequency outputs 0–24 V

Maximum output current (sink or source) 40 mA

Maximum load at frequency outputs 1 kΩ

Maximum capacitive load at frequency outputs 10 nF

Minimum output frequency at frequency outputs 4 Hz

Maximum output frequency at frequency outputs 32 kHz

Accuracy of frequency outputs Maximum error: 0.1% of full-scale

Resolution of frequency outputs 10 bit

1) Terminals 27 and 29 can also be programmed as inputs.

The digital output is galvanically isolated from the supply voltage (PELV) and other high voltage terminals.

5.11 Analog Outputs

Number of programmable analog outputs 2

Terminal number 45, 42

Current range at analog outputs 0/4–20 mA

Maximum resistor load to common at analog outputs 500 Ω

Accuracy on analog outputs Maximum error: 0.8% of full-scale

Resolution on analog outputs 10 bit

The analog output is galvanically isolated from the supply voltage (PELV) and other high voltage terminals.

5.12 Relay Outputs

Programmable relay outputs 2

Maximum cross-section to relay terminals 2.5 mm2 (12 AWG)

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Minimum cross-section to relay terminals 0.2 mm2 (30 AWG)

Length of stripped wire 8 mm (0.3 in)

Relay 01 terminal number 1–3 (break), 1–2 (make)

Maximum terminal load (AC-1)(1)on 1–2 (NO) (Resistive load)(2) 400 V AC, 2 A

Maximum terminal load (AC-15)(1) on 1–2 (NO) (Inductive load @ 240 V AC, 0.2 A
cosφ 0.4)

Maximum terminal load (DC-1)(1) on 1–2 (NO) (Resistive load) 80 V DC, 2 A

Maximum terminal load (DC-13)(1) on 1–2 (NO) (Inductive load) 24 V DC, 0.1 A

Maximum terminal load (AC-1)(1) on 1–3 (NC) (Resistive load) 240 V AC, 2 A

Maximum terminal load (AC-15)(1) on 1–3 (NC) (Inductive load @ 240 V AC, 0.2 A
cosφ 0.4)

Maximum terminal load (DC-1)(1) on 1–3 (NC) (Resistive load) 50 V DC, 2 A

Maximum terminal load (DC-13)(1) on 1–3 (NC) (Inductive load) 24 V DC, 0.1 A

Minimum terminal load on 1–3 (NC), 1–2 (NO) 24 V DC 10 mA, 24 V AC 2 mA

Environment according to EN 60664-1 Overvoltage category III/pollution degree 2

Relay 02 terminal number 4–6 (break), 4–5 (make)

Maximum terminal load (AC-1)(1) on 4–5 (NO) (Resistive load)(2) 400 V AC, 2 A

Maximum terminal load (AC-15)(1) on 4–5 (NO) (Inductive load @ 240 V AC, 0.2 A
cosφ 0.4)

Maximum terminal load (DC-1)(1) on 4–5 (NO) (Resistive load) 80 V DC, 2 A

Maximum terminal load (DC-13)(1) on 4–5 (NO) (Inductive load) 24 V DC, 0.1 A

Maximum terminal load (AC-1)(1) on 4–6 (NC) (Resistive load) 240 V AC, 2 A

Maximum terminal load (AC-15)(1) on 4–6 (NC) (Inductive load @ 240 V AC, 0.2 A
cosφ 0.4)

Maximum terminal load (DC-1)(1) on 4–6 (NC) (Resistive load) 50 V DC, 2 A

Maximum terminal load (DC-13)(1) on 4–6 (NC) (Inductive load) 24 V DC, 0.1 A

Minimum terminal load on 4–6 (NC), 4–5 (NO) 24 V DC 10 mA, 24 V AC 2 mA

Environment according to EN 60664-1 Overvoltage category III/pollution degree 2

1) IEC 60947 part 4 and 5.

2) Overvoltage Category II.

The relay contacts are galvanically isolated from the rest of the circuit by reinforced isolation (PELV).

5.13 Control Card, RS485 Serial Communication

Terminal number 68 (P, TX+, RX+), 69 (N, TX-, RX-)

Terminal number 61 Common for terminals 68 and 69

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The RS485 serial communication circuit is galvanically isolated from the supply voltage (PELV).

5.14 Control Card, 24 V DC Output

Terminal number 12

Maximum load 100 mA

The 24 V DC supply is galvanically isolated from the supply voltage (PELV), but has the same potential as the analog and digital inputs
and outputs.

5.15 Control Card, +10 V DC Output

Terminal number 50

Output voltage 10.5 V ±0.5 V

Maximum load 15 mA

The 10 V DC supply is galvanically isolated from the supply voltage (PELV) and other high voltage terminals.

5.16 Control Characteristics

Resolution of output frequency at 0–500 Hz ±0.003 Hz

System response time (terminals 18, 19, 27, 29, 32, and 33) ≤2 ms

Speed control range (open loop) 1:100 of synchronous speed

Speed accuracy (open loop) ±0.5% of nominal speed

Speed accuracy (close loop) ±0.1% of nominal speed

All control characteristics are based on a 4-pole asynchronous motor.

5.17 Control Card Performance

Scan interval 1 ms

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5.18 Exterior and Terminal Dimensions

5.18.1 J8 Exterior Dimensions

e30bv156.10
61 (2.4)

128 (5.0)

660 (26.0)

495 (19.5)

Figure 8: Front View of J8

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Design Guide | VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360

e30bf801.10
375 (14.8)

82 (3.2)
39 (1.5)

18 (0.7)

20 (0.8)

844 (33.2) 148 (5.8)

Figure 9: Side View of J8

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Design Guide | VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360

e30bf802.10
250 (9.8)
A
180 (7.1)
A
33 (1.3)

123 M10
(4.8)

130 (5.1)
25 (1.0)

909 (35.8) 11 (0.4)

78 (3.1)

200 (7.9)

889 (35.0)

844 (33.2)

656 (25.8)

25 (1.0)

11 (0.4)

M10

20 (0.8)
24
200 (7.9) (0.9)

9 (0.3)

Figure 10: Back View of J8

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5.18.2 J8 Terminal Dimensions

e30bg615.10
1
2
188 (7.4)

83 (3.3)

0.0
3
101 (4.0)

145 (5.7)

184 (7.2)

223 (8.8)
22 (0.9)

62 (2.4)
0.0

Figure 11: J8 Terminal Dimensions (Front View)

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Design Guide | VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360

e30bg573.10
1 2
272 (10.7)

244 (9.6)
0.0

0.0
3

10 (0.4)
145 (5.7)

182 (7.2)
59 (2.3)

3X M8x18 M10
0

13 (0.5)
32 (1.3)
M10

13 (0.5)

32 (1.3)

Figure 12: J8 Terminal Dimensions (Side Views)

1 Mains terminals 2 Motor terminals

3 Ground terminals 4 Mains terminals

5 Motor terminals

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Design Guide | VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360

5.18.3 J9 Exterior Dimensions

e30bv157.10
59 (2.3)

176 (6.9)

868 (34.2)

611 (24.1)

Figure 13: Front View of J9

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Design Guide | VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360

e30bf803.10
39 (1.5)
375 (14.8)

18 (0.7)
142 (5.6)

20 (0.8)

148 (5.8)

1050 (41.3)

Figure 14: Side View of J9

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Design Guide | VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360

e30bf804.10
350 (13.8)

280 (11.0)
A
A

33 (1.3)

130 (5.1) 11 (0.4) 25 (1.0)

107
(4.2)

1122 (44.2)
213 (8.4)

320 (12.6)
1096 (43.1)

1051 (41.4)

857 (33.7)

B
40
(1.6)
11 (0.4)

24 (0.9)
20 (0.8)
B
9 (0.3)

271 (10.7)

Figure 15: Back View of J9

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5.18.4 J9 Terminal Dimensions

e30bg616.10
1
319 (12.6) 2

200 (7.9)

0.0
3
265 (10.4)

319 (12.6)
149 (5.8)

211 (8.3)
33 (1.3)

91 (3.6)
o.o

Figure 16: J9 Terminal Dimensions (Front View)

1 Mains terminals 2 Motor terminals

3 Ground terminals

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e30bg574.10
1 2

255 (10.0)
284 (11.2)

0.0
0.0

13 (0.5) M10
259 (10.2)
200 (7.9)
91 (3.6)

3X M10X20
0

5
22 (0.9)
15 (0.6)

M10
18 (0.7)
35 (1.4)

19 (0.8)
38 (1.5)

Figure 17: J9 Terminal Dimensions (Side Views)

1 Mains terminals 2 Motor terminals

3 Ground terminals 4 Mains terminals

5 Motor terminals

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6 Mechanical Installation Considerations

6.1 Storage
Store the drive in a dry location. Keep the equipment sealed in its packaging until installation. Refer to chapter Ambient Conditions for
recommended ambient temperature.

Periodic forming (capacitor charging) is not necessary during storage unless storage exceeds 12 months.

6.2 Lifting the Unit

Always lift the drive using the dedicated lifting eyes. To avoid bending the lifting holes, use a bar.

WARNING
RISK OF INJURY OR DEATH
Follow local safety regulations for lifting heavy weights. Failure to follow recommendations and local safety regulations can result
in death or serious injury.
l Ensure that the lifting equipment is in proper working condition.
l See chapter Product Overview and Features for the weight of the different enclosure sizes.
l Maximum diameter for bar: 20 mm (0.8 in).
l The angle from the top of the drive to the lifting cable: 60° or greater.
e30bv158.10

65° min

Figure 18: Recommended Lifting Method

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6.3 Operating Environment

6.3.1 Operating Environment Overview
In environments with airborne liquids, particles, or corrosive gases, ensure that the IP/Type rating of the equipment matches the
installation environment. For specifications regarding ambient conditions, see chapter Ambient Conditions.

NOTICE
CONDENSATION
Moisture can condense on the electronic components and cause short circuits. Avoid installation in areas subject to frost.
Install an optional space heater when the drive is colder than the ambient air. Operating in standby mode reduces the risk of
condensation as long as the power dissipation keeps the circuitry free of moisture.

NOTICE
EXTREME AMBIENT CONDITIONS
Hot or cold temperatures compromise unit performance and longevity.
l Do not operate in environments where the ambient temperature exceeds 55 °C (131 °F).
l The drive can operate at temperatures down to -10 °C (14 °F). However, proper operation at rated load is only guaranteed at 0
°C (32 °F) or higher.
l If temperature exceeds ambient temperature limits, extra air conditioning of the cabinet or installation site is required.

6.3.2 Gases
Aggressive gases, such as hydrogen sulphide, chlorine, or ammonia can damage the electrical and mechanical components. The unit
uses conformal-coated circuit boards to reduce the effects of aggressive gases. For conformal coating class specifications and ratings, see
chapter Ambient Conditions.

6.3.3 Dust
When installing the drive in dusty environments, pay attention to the following:

Periodic maintenance

When dust accumulates on electronic components, it acts as a layer of insulation. This layer reduces the cooling capacity of the
components, and the components become warmer. The hotter environment decreases the life of the electronic components. Keep the
heat sink and fans free from dust build-up.

Cooling fans

Fans provide airflow to cool the drive. When fans are exposed to dusty environments, the dust can damage the fan bearings and cause
premature fan failure. Also, dust can accumulate on fan blades causing an imbalance which prevents the fans from properly cooling the
unit.

6.4 Mounting Configurations

The following table lists the available mounting configurations for each enclosure size of the drive.

NOTICE
Improper mounting can result in overheating and reduced performance.

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Table 5: Mounting Configurations

Enclosure size Wall/cabinet mount Pedestal mount (Standalone)

J8 X(1) –

J9 X(1) –

1) Can be wall-mounted, but Danfoss recommends that the drive is panel-mounted inside an enclosure due to its protection rating.

Mounting considerations:

l Locate the unit as near to the motor as possible. See the chapter Cable Lengths and Cross-sections for the maximum motor cable
length.
l Ensure unit stability by mounting the unit to a solid surface.
l Ensure that the strength of the mounting location supports the unit weight.
l Ensure that there is enough space around the unit for proper cooling. Refer to the chapter Back Channel Cooling.
l Ensure enough access to open the door.
l Ensure cable entry from the bottom.

6.5 Cooling
l Ensure that top and bottom clearance for air cooling is provided. Clearance requirement: 225 mm (9 in).
l Provide sufficient airflow flow rate. See the following table.
l Consider derating for temperatures starting between 45 °C (113 °F) and 50 °C (122 °F) and elevation 1000 m (3300 ft) above sea level.
See the chapter Derating for detailed information on derating.

The drive utilizes a back-channel cooling concept that removes heat sink cooling air. The heat sink cooling air carries approximately 90%
of the heat out of the back channel of the drive. Redirect the back-channel air from the panel or room by using:

l Duct cooling
Back-channel cooling kits are available to direct the heat sink cooling air out of the panel when IP20/Chassis drives are installed in
Rittal enclosures. Use of these kits reduces the heat in the panel and smaller door fans can be specified.
l Back-wall cooling
Installing top and base covers to the unit allows the back-channel cooling air to be ventilated out of the room.

Secure the necessary airflow over the heat sink.

Table 6: J8–J9 Airflow Rate

Enclosure size Door fan/top fan [m3/hr (cfm)] Heat sink fan [m3/hr (cfm)]

J8 102 (60) 420 (250)

J9 204 (120) 840 (500)

6.6 Derating
6.6.1 Overview of Derating
Derating is a method used to reduce output current to avoid tripping the drive when high temperatures are reached within the
enclosure. If certain extreme operating conditions are expected, a higher-powered drive can be selected to eliminate the need for
derating. This is called manual derating. Otherwise, the drive automatically derates the output current to eliminate the excessive heat
generated by extreme conditions.

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Manual derating

When the following conditions are present, Danfoss recommends selecting a drive 1 power size higher (for example H132 instead of
H110):

l Low-speed – continuous operation at low RPM in constant torque applications.

l Low air pressure – operating at altitudes above 1000 m (3281 ft).
l High ambient temperature.
l High switching frequency.
l Long motor cables.
l Cables with a large cross-section.

Automatic derating

If the following operating conditions are found, the drive automatically changes switching frequency or switching pattern (PWM to
SFAVM) to reduce excessive heat within the enclosure:

l High temperature on the control card or heat sink.

l High motor load or low motor speed.

6.6.2 Derating for Low-Speed Operation

When a motor is connected to a drive, it is necessary to check that the cooling of the motor is adequate. The level of cooling required
depends on the following:

l Load on the motor.

l Operating speed.
l Duration of operating time.

Constant torque applications

A problem can occur at low RPM values in constant torque applications. In a constant torque application, a motor can overheat at low
speeds because less cooling air is being provided by the fan within the motor.

If the motor is run continuously at an RPM value lower than half of the rated value, the motor must be supplied with extra air cooling. If
extra air cooling cannot be provided, a motor designed for low RPM/constant torque applications can be used instead.

Variable (quadratic) torque applications

Extra cooling or derating of the motor is not required in variable torque applications where the torque is proportional to the square of
the speed, and the power is proportional to the cube of the speed. Centrifugal pumps and fans are common variable torque applications.

6.6.3 Derating for Altitude

The cooling capability of air is decreased at lower air pressure. No derating is necessary at or below 1000 m (3281 ft). Above 1000 m (3281
ft), the ambient temperature (TAMB) or maximum output current (IMAX) should be derated. Refer to Figure 19 which shows that at 41.7 °C
(107 °F), 100% of the rated output current is available. At 45 °C (113 °F) (TAMB, MAX-3K), 91% of the rated output current is available.

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Design Guide | VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360

Figure 19: Derating of Output Current Based on Altitude at TAMB, MAX

6.6.4 Derating for Ambient Temperature and Switching Frequency

NOTICE
FACTORY DERATING
Danfoss drives are already derated for operational temperature (55 °C (131 °F) TAMB, MAX and 50 °C (122 °F) TAMB, AVG).

Use the graphs in the following table to determine if the output current must be derated based on switching frequency and ambient
temperature. When referring to the graphs, Iout indicates the percentage of rated output current, and fsw indicates the switching
frequency.

Table 7: Derating Tables for Drives Rated 380–480 V

Enclosure size Switching pattern High overload HO, 150% Normal overload NO, 110%

e30bx474.11
e30bx473.11

J8-J9 60 AVM 110 110

100
100
90
Iout [% ]

90
Iout [% ]

80
80
70 45 ˚C (113 ˚F)
50 ˚C (122 ˚F)
70 60
50 ˚C (122 ˚F) 55 ˚C (131 ˚F)
55 ˚C (131 ˚F)
60 50
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
fsw [kHz] fsw[kHz]
e30bx476.11
e30bx475.11

SFAVM 110 110

100 100
Iout [% ]

90
90
Iout [% ]

80
80
70 40 ˚C (104 ˚F)
70 45 ˚C (113 ˚F) 45 ˚C (113 ˚F)
50 ˚C (122 ˚F) 60 50 ˚C (122 ˚F)
55 ˚C (131 ˚F) 55 ˚C (131 ˚F)
60
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 50
fsw[kHz] 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
fsw[kHz]

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7 Electrical Installation Considerations

7.1 Safety Instructions
See the chapter Safety for general safety instructions.

WARNING
INDUCED VOLTAGE
Induced voltage from output motor cables from different drives that are run together can charge equipment capacitors even
with the equipment turned off and locked out. Failure to run output motor cables separately or use shielded cables could result in
death or serious injury.
l Run output motor cables separately or use shielded cables.
l Simultaneously lock out all the drives.

WARNING
SHOCK HAZARD
The drive can cause a DC current in the ground conductor and thus result in death or serious injury. Failure to follow the
recommendation means that the RCD cannot provide the intended protection.
l When a residual current-operated protective device (RCD) is used for protection against electrical shock, only an RCD of Type
B is allowed on the supply side.

Overcurrent protection
l Extra protective equipment such as short circuit protection or motor thermal protection between drive and motor is required for
applications with multiple motors.
l Input fusing is required to provide short circuit and overcurrent protection. If fuses are not factory-supplied, the installer must
provide them. See maximum fuse ratings in the chapter Fuses and Circuit Breakers.

Wire type and ratings

l All wiring must comply with local and national regulations regarding cross-section and ambient temperature requirements.
l Power connection wire recommendation: Minimum 75 °C (167 °F) rated copper wire.

See the chapter Cable Lengths and Cross-sections for recommended wire sizes and types.

CAUTION
PROPERTY DAMAGE
Protection against motor overload is not included in the default setting. To add this function, set parameter 1-90 Motor Thermal
Protection to [ETR trip] or [ETR warning]. For the North American market, the ETR function provides class 20 motor overload
protection in accordance with NEC. Failure to set parameter 1-90 Motor Thermal Protection to [ETR trip] or [ETR warning] means
that motor overload protection is not provided and, if the motor overheats, property damage can occur.

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7.2 Wiring Diagram

Figure 20: Wiring Diagram

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7.3 Power Connections

NOTICE
All cabling must comply with national and local regulations on cable cross-sections and ambient temperature. Non-UL
applications can use 75 °C (167 °F) and 90 °C (194 °F) copper conductors.

The power cable connections are located as shown in the following illustration. See chapter Specifications for correct dimensioning of
motor cable cross-section and length.

For protection of the drive, use the recommended fuses unless the unit has built-in fuses. Recommended fuses are listed in 7.5 Fuses
and Circuit Breakers. Ensure that proper fusing complies with local regulations.

The connection of mains is fitted to the mains switch if included.

e30ba026.11
3-phase
91 (L1)
power
92 (L2)
input
93 (L3)
95 PE

Figure 21: Power Cable Connections

NOTICE
The motor cable must be shielded/armored. If an unshielded/unarmored cable is used, some EMC requirements are not complied
with. Use a shielded/armored motor cable to comply with EMC emission specifications. For more information, see chapter EMC-
compliant Installation.

Shielding of cables
Avoid installation with twisted shield ends (pigtails). They spoil the shielding effect at higher frequencies. If it is necessary to break the
shield to install a motor isolator or contactor, continue the shield at the lowest possible HF impedance.

Connect the motor cable shield to both the decoupling plate of the drive and the metal housing of the motor.

Make the shield connections with the largest possible surface area (cable clamp) by using the installation devices within the drive.

Cable length and cross-section

The drive has been EMC-tested with a given length of cable. Keep the motor cable as short as possible to reduce the noise level and
leakage currents.

Switching frequency
When drives are used together with sine-wave filters to reduce the acoustic noise from a motor, the switching frequency must be set
according to the instructions in parameter 14-01 Switching Frequency.

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Table 8: Motor Cable Connection

Terminal 96 97 98 99 Description

U V W PE(1) Motor voltage 0–100% of mains voltage. 3 wires out of motor.

U1 V1 W1 PE(1) Delta-connected.

W2 U2 V2 PE(1) 6 wires out of motor.

U1 V1 W1 PE(1) Star-connected U2, V2, W2. U2, V2, and W2 to be interconnected

separately.

1) Protected ground connection.

NOTICE
In motors without phase insulation, paper, or other insulation reinforcement suitable for operation with voltage supply, use a sine-
wave filter on the output of the drive.

1
e75za114.11

U2 V2 W2 U2 V2 W2

U1 V1 W1 U1 V1 W1

96 97 98 96 97 98

Figure 22: Motor Cable Connection

7.4 Control Wiring and Terminals

7.4.1 Correct Grounding of Control Cables
Control cables must be shielded and the shield must be connected with a cable clamp at both ends to the metal cabinet of the unit.

For correct grounding of control cables, see Figure 23.

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Design Guide | VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360

e30bu003.10
PLC etc.
Drive

1
Ground Ground

PLC etc.
Drive

Ground Ground

PLC etc.
Drive

3
Ground Ground

Ground Ground
2
Minimum 16 mm

Equalizing cable

PLC etc.
Drive

Ground 4
100 nF Ground

Drive Drive

69 68
68 69
61 5
Ground

Figure 23: Grounding Examples

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1 Control cables and serial communication cables must be 2 Do not use twisted cable ends (pigtails). They increase the
fitted with cable clamps at both ends to ensure the best shield impedance at high frequencies.
possible electrical contact.

3 If the ground potential between the drive and the PLC is 4 If long control cables are used, 50/60 Hz ground loops are
different, electric noise can occur that disturbs the entire possible. Connect 1 end of the shield to ground via a 100
system. Fit an equalizing cable next to the control cable. nF capacitor (keeping leads short).
2
Minimum cable cross-section: 16 mm (6 AWG).

5 When using cables for serial communication, eliminate

low-frequency noise currents between 2 drives by
connecting 1 end of the shield to terminal 61. This terminal
is connected to ground via an internal RC link. Use twisted-
pair cables for reducing the differential mode interference
between the conductors.

7.4.2 Control Cable Routing

Tie down and route all control wires. Remember to connect the shields in a proper way to ensure optimum electrical immunity.

l Isolate control wiring from high-power cables.

l When the drive is connected to a thermistor, ensure that the thermistor control wiring is shielded and reinforced/double insulated. A
24 V DC supply voltage is recommended.

Fieldbus connection

Connections are made to the relevant options on the control card. See the relevant fieldbus instruction. The cable must be tied down
and routed along with other control wires inside the unit.

7.4.3 Control Terminals

e30bv169.10

Figure 24: Control Terminal Locations

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1 Control Terminals 2 Relays

e30bv185.10
COM RS 485

N RS 485
P RS 485
AO42
AO45
GND
10 V
AI53
AI54

50 53 54 42 45 55 61 68 69

COMMON

COMMON
DIO27
DIO29
VDD1
DI18
DI19

DI31
DI32
DI33
GND

NO

NO
NC

NC
RELAY 1 RELAY 2
12 18 19 27 29 31 32 33 20

01 02 03 04 05 06

Figure 25: Terminal Numbers Located on the Connectors

Table 9: Terminal Descriptions

Terminal Parameter Default setting Description

Digital I/O, Pulse I/O, Encoder

12 – +24 V DC 24 V DC supply voltage. Maximum

output current is 100 mA for all 24 V
loads.

18 Parameter 5-10 Terminal 18 Digital [8] Start Digital inputs.

Input

19 Parameter 5-11 Terminal 19 Digital [10] Reversing

Input

27 Parameter 5-12 Terminal 27 Digital DI [2] Coast inverse Selectable for either digital input, dig-
Input DO [0] No operation ital output, or pulse output. Default
Parameter 5-30 Terminal 27 Digital setting is digital input.
Output Terminal 29 can be used for pulse in-
put.
29 Parameter 5-13 Terminal 29 Digital DI [14] Jog
Input DO [0] No operation
Parameter 5-31 Terminal 29 Digital
Output

31 Parameter 5-16 Terminal 31 Digital [0] No operation Digital input.

Input

32 Parameter 5-14 Terminal 32 Digital [0] No operation Digital input, 24 V encoder. Terminal
Input 33 can be used for pulse input.

33 Parameter 5-15 Terminal 33 Digital [0] No operation

Input

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Table 9: Terminal Descriptions (continued)

Terminal Parameter Default setting Description

20 – – Common for digital inputs and 0 V

potential for 24 V supply.

Analog inputs/outputs

50 – +10 V DC 10 V DC analog supply voltage. 15

mA maximum commonly used for
potentiometer or thermistor.

53 Parameter group 6-1* Analog Input 1 Reference Analog input. Selectable for voltage
or current.
54 Parameter group 6-2* Analog Input 2 Feedback

42 Parameter 6-91 Terminal 42 Analog [0] No operation Programmable analog output. The
Output analog signal is 0–20 mA or 4–20 mA
at a maximum of 500 Ω. Can also be
45 Parameter 6-71 Terminal 45 Analog [0] No operation
configured as digital outputs.
Output

55 – – Common for analog input.

Serial communication

61 – – Integrated RC-filter to connect cable

shield if there are EMC problems.

68(+) Parameter group 8-3* FC Port – RS485 interface. A switch is provided

Settings on the control card for bus termina-
tion resistance.
69(-) Parameter group 8-3* FC Port –
Settings

Relays

01, 02, 03 Parameter 5-40 Function Relay [0] [0] No operation Form C relay output. For AC or DC
voltage and resistive or inductive
04, 05, 06 Parameter 5-40 Function Relay [1] [0] No operation
loads.

7.5 Fuses and Circuit Breakers

Fuses ensure that possible damage to the drive is limited to damages inside the unit. To ensure compliance with EN 50178, use the
recommended fuses as replacements. Use of fuses on the supply side is mandatory for IEC 60364 (CE) compliant installations.

Type aR fuses are recommended for enclosures J8–J9.

Table 10: J8–J9 Power/Semiconductor Fuse Sizes

Model 380–480 V

H90K/Q110 ar-315

H110/Q132 ar-350

H132/Q160 ar-400

H160/Q200 ar-500

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Table 10: J8–J9 Power/Semiconductor Fuse Sizes (continued)

Model 380–480 V

H200/Q250 ar-630

H250/Q315 ar-800

Table 11: J8–J9 Power/Semiconductor Fuse Options, 380–480 V

Model Fuse options

Bussman Littelfuse Littelfuse Bussman Siba Ferraz- Ferraz-

Shawmut Shawmut
(Europe)

H90K/Q110 170M2619 LA50QS300-4 L50S-300 FWH-300A 20 189 20.315 A50QS300-4 6,9URD31D08

A0315

H110/Q132 170M2620 LA50QS350-4 L50S-350 FWH-350A 20 189 20.350 A50QS350-4 6,9URD31D08

A0350

H132/Q160 170M2621 LA50QS400-4 L50S-400 FWH-400A 20 189 20.400 A50QS400-4 6,9URD31D08

A0400

H160/Q200 170M4015 LA50QS500-4 L50S-500 FWH-500A 20 189 20.550 A50QS500-4 6,9URD31D08

A0550

H200/Q250 170M4016 LA50QS600-4 L50S-600 FWH-600A 20 189 20.630 A50QS600-4 6,9URD31D08

A0630

H250/Q315 170M4017 LA50QS800-4 L50S-800 FWH-800A 20 189 20.800 A50QS800-4 6,9URD31D08

A0800

Table 12: J8–J9 Space Heater Fuse Recommendation

Bussmann Rating

LPJ-21/2SP 2.5 A, 600 V

NOTICE
DISCONNECT SWITCH
All units ordered and supplied with a factory-installed disconnect switch require Class L branch circuit fusing to meet the 100 kA
SCCR for the drive. If a circuit breaker is used, the SCCR rating is 42 kA. The input voltage and power rating of the drive determine
the specific Class L fuse. The input voltage and power rating are found on the product nameplate.

7.6 Motor
7.6.1 Motor Rotation
Any 3-phase asynchronous standard motor can be used with a drive.

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Table 13: Motor Cable Terminals Providing Clockwise Rotation (Factory Default)

Terminal Function

96 U/T1

97 V/T2

98 W/T3

99 Ground

The direction of rotation can be changed by switching 2 phases in the motor cable, or by changing the setting of parameter 4-10 Motor
Speed Direction.

e75ha036.11
1 U2 V2 W2

U1 V1 W1

2
96 97 98

1 U2 V2 W2

U1 V1 W1

96 97 98

Figure 26: Changing Motor Rotation

7.6.2 Motor Thermal Protection

The electronic thermal relay in the drive has received approval for single motor overload protection, when parameter 1-90 Motor
Thermal Protection is set for ETR Trip and parameter 1-24 Motor Current is set to the rated motor current (see the motor nameplate).

7.6.3 Parallel Connection of Motors

The drive can control several parallel-connected motors. For different configurations of parallel-connected motors, see Figure 27.

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When using parallel motor connection, observe the following points:

l Run applications with parallel motors in U/F mode (volts per hertz).
l VVC+ mode can be used in some applications.
l Total current consumption of motors must not exceed the rated output current IINV for the drive.
l Problems can occur at start and at low RPM if motor sizes are widely different because the relatively high ohmic resistance in the
stator of a small motor demands a higher voltage at start and at low RPM.
l The electronic thermal relay (ETR) of the drive cannot be used as motor overload protection. Provide further motor overload
protection by including thermistors in each motor winding or individual thermal relays.
l Recommended to run applications with parallel motors in U/F mode parameter 1-01 Motor Control Principle[0] Asynchron. Set the
U/F graph in parameter 1-55 U/f Characteristic - U and parameter 1-56 U/f Characteristic - F.

e30bb838.12

a d

b f

c e

Figure 27: Different Parallel Connections of Motors

A Installations with cables connected in a common joint as shown in A and B are only recommended for short cable lengths.

B Be aware of the maximum motor cable length specified in the chapter Cable Lengths and Cross-sections.

C The total motor cable length specified in the chapter Cable Lengths and Cross-sections is valid as long as the parallel cables are
kept less than 10 m (32 ft) each.

D Consider voltage drop across the motor cables.

E Consider voltage drop across the motor cables.

F The total motor cable length specified in the chapter Cable Lengths and Cross-sections is valid as long as the parallel cables are
kept less than 10 m (32 ft) each.

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7.6.4 Motor Insulation

For motor cable lengths that are less than or equal to the maximum cable length listed in chapter Cable Lengths and Cross-sections, use
the motor insulation ratings shown in the following table. If a motor has lower insulation rating, Danfoss recommends using a dU/dt or
sine-wave filter.

Table 14: Motor Insulation Ratings

Nominal mains voltage Motor insulation

UN≤420 V Standard ULL=1300 V

420 V<UN≤500 V Reinforced ULL=1600 V

500 V<UN≤600 V Reinforced ULL=1800 V

600 V<UN≤690 V Reinforced ULL=2000 V

7.6.5 Motor Bearing Currents

To eliminate circulating bearing currents in all motors installed with the drive, install NDE (non-drive end) insulated bearings. To minimize
DE (drive end) bearing and shaft currents, ensure proper grounding of the drive, motor, driven machine, and motor to the driven
machine.

Standard mitigation strategies:

l Use an insulated bearing.

l Follow proper installation procedures.
¢ Ensure that the motor and load motor are aligned.
¢ Follow the EMC Installation guideline.
¢ Reinforce the PE so the high frequency impedance is lower in the PE than the input power leads.
¢ Provide a good high frequency connection between the motor and the drive. Use a shielded cable that has a 360° connection in
the motor and the drive.
¢ Ensure that the impedance from the drive to building ground is lower than the grounding impedance of the machine. This
procedure can be difficult for pumps.
¢ Make a direct ground connection between the motor and load motor.
l Lower the IGBT switching frequency.
l Modify the inverter waveform, 60° AVM vs. SFAVM.
l Install a shaft grounding system or use an isolating coupling.
l Apply conductive lubrication.
l Use minimum speed settings if possible.
l Try to ensure that the mains voltage is balanced to ground. This procedure can be difficult for IT, TT, TN-CS, or grounded leg systems.
l Use a dU/dt or sine-wave filter.

7.7 Residual Current Devices (RCD) and Insulation Resistance Monitor (IRM)
Use RCD relays, multiple protective earthing, or grounding as extra protection, provided they comply with local safety regulations.

If a ground fault appears, a DC current can develop in the faulty current. If RCD relays are used, local regulations must be observed.
Relays must be suitable for protection of 3-phase equipment with a bridge rectifier and for a brief discharge on power-up. See chapter
Leakage Current for more details.

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7.8 Leakage Current

Follow national and local codes regarding protective earthing of equipment where leakage current exceeds 3.5 mA.

Drive technology implies high frequency switching at high power. This high frequency switching generates a leakage current in the
ground connection.

The ground leakage current is made up of several contributions and depends on various system configurations, including:

l RFI filtering.
l Motor cable length.
l Motor cable shielding.
l Drive power.

e30bb955.12
Leakage current

Motor cable length

Figure 28: Motor Cable Length and Power Size Influence the Leakage Current. Power Size a > Power Size b.

The leakage current also depends on the line distortion.

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e30bb956.12
Leakage current

THDv= 0%

THDv= 5%

Figure 29: Line Distortion Influences Leakage Current

If the leakage current exceeds 3.5 mA, compliance with EN/IEC61800-5-1 (power drive system product standard) requires special care.

Reinforce grounding with the following protective earth connection requirements:

l Ground wire (terminal 95) of at least 10 mm2 (8 AWG) cross-section.

l 2 separate ground wires both complying with the dimensioning rules.

See EN/IEC61800-5-1 and EN 50178 for further information.

Using RCDs
Where residual current devices (RCDs), also known as Ground Leakage Circuit Breakers, are used, comply with the following:

l Use RCDs of type B only as they can detect AC and DC currents.

l Use RCDs with a delay to prevent faults due to transient ground currents.
l Dimension RCDs according to the system configuration and environmental considerations.

The leakage current includes several frequencies originating from both the mains frequency and the switching frequency. Whether the
switching frequency is detected depends on the type of RCD used.

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e30bb958.12
Leakage current RCD with lowcut-off
f

RCD with highcut-off

f

50 Hz 150 Hz fsw Frequency

Mains 3 harmonics
rd
Cable

Figure 30: Main Contributions to Leakage Current

The amount of leakage current detected by the RCD depends on the cut-off frequency of the RCD.
e30bb957.12

Leakage current [mA]

100 Hz

2 kHz

100 kHz

Figure 31: Influence of the RCD Cut-off Frequency on Leakage Current

7.9 IT Mains
Mains supplies isolated from ground
If the drive is supplied from an isolated mains source (IT mains, floating delta, or grounded delta) or TT/TN-S mains with grounded leg,
the RFI switch is recommended to be turned off via parameter 14-50 RFI Filter on the drive and parameter 14-50 RFI Filter on the filter.
For more detail, see IEC 364-3. In the off position, the filter capacitors between the chassis and the DC link are cut off to avoid damage to
the DC link and to reduce the ground capacity currents, according to IEC 61800-3.

If optimum EMC performance is needed, or parallel motors are connected, or the motor cable length is above 25 m (82 ft), Danfoss
recommends setting parameter 14-50 RFI Filter to [1] ON. Refer also to the Application Note, VLT on IT mains. It is important to use
isolation monitors that are rated for use together with power electronics (IEC 61557-8).

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7.10 Efficiency
Efficiency of the drive (ηVLT)
The load on the drive has little effect on its efficiency. In general, the efficiency is the same at the rated motor frequency fM, N, whether
the motor supplies 100% of the rated shaft torque or only 75%, if there is part loads.

The efficiency of the drive does not change even if other U/f characteristics are selected. However, the U/f characteristics influence the
efficiency of the motor.

The efficiency declines slightly when the switching frequency is set to a value of above 5 kHz. The efficiency is slightly reduced when the
mains voltage is 480 V, or if the motor cable is longer than 30 m (98 ft).

Drive efficiency calculation

Calculate the efficiency of the drive at different speeds and loads based on the following illustration. The factor in this graph must be
multiplied by the specific efficiency factor listed in the specification tables in chapter Electrical Data.
e30bb252.11

1.01
1.0
Relative Efficiency

0.99
0.98
0.97
0.96
0.95
0.94
0.93
0.92
0% 50% 100% 150% 200%
% Speed
100% load 75% load 50% load 25% load

Figure 32: Typical Efficiency Curves

Example: Assume a 160 kW, 380–480/500 V AC drive at 25% load at 50% speed. The above illustration shows 0.97 - rated efficiency for a
160 kW drive is 0.98. The actual efficiency is then: 0.97x0.98=0.95.

Efficiency of the motor (ηMOTOR)

The efficiency of a motor connected to the drive depends on magnetizing level. In general, the efficiency is as good as with mains
operation. The efficiency of the motor depends on the type of motor.

In the range of 75–100% of the rated torque, the efficiency of the motor is practically constant, both when the drive controls it and when
it runs directly on the mains.

In small motors, the influence from the U/f characteristic on efficiency is marginal. However, in motors from 11 kW (15 hp) and up, the
advantages are significant.

Typically the switching frequency does not affect the efficiency of small motors. Motors from 11 kW (15 hp) and up have their efficiency
improved (1–2%) because the shape of the motor current sine-wave is almost perfect at high switching frequency.

Efficiency of the system (ηSYSTEM)

To calculate system efficiency, the efficiency of the drive (ηVLT) is multiplied by the efficiency of the motor (ηMOTOR):

ηSYSTEM=ηVLT x ηMOTOR

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7.11 Acoustic Noise

The acoustic noise from the drive comes from 3 sources:

l DC intermediate circuit coils.

l Internal fans.
l RFI filter choke.

The following table lists the typical acoustic noise values measured at a distance of 1 m (3.3 ft) from the unit.

Table 15: Acoustic Noise

Enclosure size dBA at full fan speed

J8 73

J9 75

Test results performed according to ISO 3744 for audible noise magnitude in a controlled environment. Noise tone has been quantified
for engineering data record of hardware performance per ISO 1996-2 Annex D.

7.12 dU/dt Conditions

NOTICE
To avoid the premature aging of motors that are not designed to be used with drives, such as those motors without phase
insulation paper or other insulation reinforcement, Danfoss strongly recommends a dU/dt filter or a sine-wave filter fitted on the
output of the drive. For further information about dU/dt and sine-wave filters, see the Output Filters Design Guide.

When a transistor in the inverter bridge switches, the voltage across the motor increases by a dU/dt ratio depending on the motor cable
(type, cross-section, length shielded or unshielded) and the inductance.

The natural induction causes an overshoot UPEAK in the motor voltage before it stabilizes itself at a level depending on the voltage in the
DC link. The rise time and the peak voltage UPEAK affect the service life of the motor. In particular, motors without phase coil insulation
are affected if the peak voltage is too high. Motor cable length affects the rise time and peak voltage. If the motor cable is short (a few
meters), the rise time and peak voltage are lower. If the motor cable is long (100 m (328 ft)), the rise time and peak voltage are higher.

Peak voltage on the motor terminals is caused by the switching of the IGBTs. The drive complies with the demands of IEC 60034-25:2007
edition 2.0 regarding motors designed to be controlled by drives. The drive also complies with IEC 60034-17:2006 edition 4 regarding
Norm motors controlled by drives.

High-power range
The power sizes in the following tables at the appropriate mains voltages comply with the requirements of IEC 60034-17:2006 edition 4
regarding normal motors controlled by drives, IEC 60034-25:2007 edition 2.0 regarding motors designed to be controlled by drives, and
NEMA MG 1-1998 Part [Link] for inverter-fed motors. The power sizes in the following tables do not comply with NEMA MG 1-1998 Part
[Link] for general purpose motors.

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Table 16: IEC dU/dt Test Results for J8–J9 with Unshielded Cables and No Output Filter, 380–480 V

Power size [kW Cable [m (ft)] Mains voltage [V] Rise time [μs] Peak voltage [V] dU/dt [V/μs]
(hp)]

90–160 (125–250) 30 (98) 500 0.71 1180 1339

150 (492) 500 0.76 1423 1497

300 (984) 500 0.91 1557 1370

200–315 (300–450) 30 (98) 500 1.10 1116 815

150 (492) 500 2.53 1028 321

300 (984) 500 1.29 835 517

Table 17: IEC dU/dt Test Results for J8–J9 with Shielded Cables and No Output Filter, 380–480 V

Power size [kW Cable [m (ft)] Mains voltage [V] Rise time [μs] Peak voltage [V] dU/dt [V/μs]
(hp)]

90–160 (125–250) 30 (98) 500 – – –

150 (492) 500 0.66 1418 1725

300 (984) 500 0.96 1530 1277

200–315 (300–450) 30 (98) 500 – – –

150 (492) 500 0.56 1261 1820

300 (984) 500 0.78 1278 1295

7.13 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)

7.13.1 Overview
Electrical devices both generate interference and are affected by interference from other generated sources. The electromagnetic
compatibility (EMC) of these effects depends on the power and the harmonic characteristics of the devices.

Uncontrolled interaction between electrical devices in a system can degrade compatibility and impair reliable operation. Interference
takes the form of the following:

l Electrostatic discharges.
l Rapid voltage fluctuations.
l High-frequency interference.

Electrical interference is most commonly found at frequencies in the range 150 kHz to 30 MHz. Airborne interference from the drive
system in the range 30 MHz to 1 GHz is generated from the inverter, motor cable, and the motor.

Capacitive currents in the motor cable, coupled with a high dU/dt from the motor voltage, generate leakage currents. See the following
illustration. Shielded motor cables have higher capacitance between the phase wires and the shield, and again between the shield
and ground. This added cable capacitance, along with other parasitic capacitance and motor inductance, changes the electromagnetic
emission signature produced by the unit. The change in electromagnetic emission signature occurs mainly in emissions less than 5 MHz.
Most of the leakage current (I1) is carried back to the unit through the PE (I3), leaving only a small electromagnetic field (I4) from the
shielded motor cable. The shield reduces the radiated interference but increases the low-frequency interference on the mains.

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e75za062.12
z L1 CS CS
U
I1
z L2 V

z L3 W

z PE PE I2 CS
1
I3
2

CS CS CS
I4 I4

3 4 5 6

Figure 33: Electric Model Showing Possible Leakage Currents

1 Ground wire 2 Shield

3 AC mains supply 4 Drive

5 Shielded motor cable 6 Motor

Cs Possible shunt parasitic capacitance paths (varies with I1 Common-mode leakage current
different installations).

I2 Shielded motor cable I3 Safety ground (4th conductor in motor cables)

I4 Unintended common-mode current

7.13.2 EMC Test Results

The following test results have been obtained using a drive (with options if relevant), a shielded control cable, a control box with
potentiometer, a motor, and motor shielded cable.

Table 18: EMC Test Results (Emission)

RFI filter type Conducted emission Radiated emission

Standards EN 55011 Class B Class A Class A Class B Class A Class A

and require- Housing, group 1 group 2 Housing, group 1 group 2
ments trades, and Industrial en- Industrial en- trades, and Industrial en- Industrial en-
light indus- vironment vironment light indus- vironment vironment
tries tries

EN/IEC Category C1 Category C2 Category C3 Category C1 Category C2 Category C3

61800-3 Residential, Commercial, Industrial Residential, Commercial, Industrial
commercial, or light indus- commercial, or light indus-
or light indus- trial or light indus- trial
trial trial

FC 360 90–315 kW No No 150 m (492 ft) No No Yes

380–480 V

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7.13.3 Emission Requirements

According to the EMC product standard for adjustable speed drives EN/IEC 61800-3, the EMC requirements depend on the environment
in which the drive is installed. These environments along with the mains voltage supply requirements are defined in the following table.

The drives comply with EMC requirements described in IEC/EN 61800-3, category C3, for equipment having greater than 100 A per-phase
current draw, installed in the 2nd environment. Compliance testing is performed with a 150 m (492 ft) shielded motor cable.

Table 19: Emission Requirements

Category (EN 61800-3) Definition Conducted emission (EN 55011)

C1 EUT of rated input voltage less than 1000 V, intended for Class B
use in a residential, commercial, or light industrial loca-
tion.

C2 EUT of rated input voltage less than 1000 V, which is not a Class A Group 1
plug-in device or a movable device and not intended for
use in a residential location.

C3 EUT of rated input voltage less than 1000 V, intended for Class A Group 2
use in an industrial location and not intended for use in a
residential, commercial, or light industrial location.

C4 EUT of rated input voltage equal to or above 1000 V, or –

rated current equal to or above 400 A, or intended for use
in complex systems in an industrial location. An EMC plan
must be made.

The drives do not comply with generic emission standards. Extra methods, such as external filter, should be used for complying with
generic emission standards.

Table 20: Generic Emission Standard Limits

Environment Generic standard Conducted emission requirement

according to EN 55011 limits

First environment (home and office) EN/IEC 61000-6-3 Emission standard for Class B
residential, commercial, and light indus-
trial environments.

Second environment (industrial environ- EN/IEC 61000-6-4 Emission standard for Class A group 1
ment) industrial environments.

7.13.4 Immunity Requirements

The immunity requirements for drives depend on the installation environment. The requirements for the industrial environment are
higher than the requirements for the home and office environment. All Danfoss drives comply with the equirements for both the
industrial and the home/office environment.

To document immunity against burst transient, the following immunity tests have been performed on a drive (with options if relevant), a
shielded control cable, and a control box with potentiometer, motor cable, and motor. The tests were performed in accordance with the
following basic standards. For more details, see the following table.

l EN 61000-4-2 (IEC 61000-4-2): Electrostatic discharges (ESD): Simulation of electrostatic discharges from human beings.

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l EN 61000-4-3 (IEC 61000-4-3): Incoming electromagnetic field radiation, amplitude modulated simulation of the effects of radar,
radio communication equipment, and mobile communications equipment.
l EN 61000-4-4 (IEC 61000-4-4): Burst transients: Simulation of interference brought about by switching a contactor, relay, or similar
devices.
l EN 61000-4-5 (IEC 61000-4-5): Surge transients: Simulation of transients brought about by lightning strikes near installations.
l EN 61000-4-6 (IEC 61000-4-6): RF common-mode: Simulation of the effect from radio-transmission equipment joined by connection
cables.

Table 21: EMC Immunity Form, Voltage Range: 380–480

Basic standard Burst IEC Surge IEC ESD IEC 61000-4-2 Radiated RF common-
61000-4-4 61000-4-5 electromagnetic mode voltage IEC
field IEC 61000-4-3 61000-4-6

Acceptance crite- B B B A A
rion

Line 4 kV CM 2 kV/2 Ω DM – – 10 VRMS

4 kV/12 Ω CM

Motor 4 kV CM 4 kV/2 Ω(1) – – 10 VRMS

Control wires 2 kV CM 2 kV/2 Ω(1) – – 10 VRMS

Standard bus 2 kV CM 2 kV/2 Ω(1) – – 10 VRMS

Relay wires 2 kV CM 2 kV/2 Ω(1) – – 10 VRMS

Application/field- 2 kV CM 2 kV/2 Ω(1) – – 10 VRMS

bus options

LCP cable 2 kV CM 2 kV/2 Ω(1) – – 10 VRMS

External 24 V DC 2 kV CM 0.5 kV/2 Ω DM – – 10 VRMS

1 kV/12 Ω CM

Enclosure – – 8 kV AD 10 V/m –
4 kV CD

1) Injection on cable shield.

AD: air discharge; CD: contact discharge; CM: common-mode; DM: differential mode.

7.13.5 EMC Compatibility

NOTICE
OPERATOR RESPONSIBILITY
According to the EN 61800–3 standard for variable-speed drive systems, the operator is responsible for ensuring EMC compliance.
Manufacturers can offer solutions for operation conforming to the standard. Operators are responsible for applying these
solutions, and for paying the associated costs.

There are 2 options for ensuring electromagnetic compatibility.

l Eliminate or minimize interference at the source of emitted interference.

l Increase the immunity to interference in devices affected by its reception.

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RFI filters

The goal is to obtain systems that operate stably without radio frequency interference between components. To achieve a high level of
immunity, use drives with high-quality RFI filters.

NOTICE
RADIO INTERFERENCE
In a residential environment, this product can cause radio interference, in which case supplementary mitigation measures may be
required.

PELV and galvanic isolation compliance

All drives control and relay terminals comply with PELV (excluding grounded Delta leg above 400 V).

Galvanic (ensured) isolation is obtained by fulfilling requirements for higher isolation and by providing the relevant creepage/clearance
distances. These requirements are described in the EN 61800–5–1 standard.

Electrical isolation is provided as shown (see the following illustration). The components described comply with both PELV and the
galvanic isolation requirements.
e30bx514.10

7 6 4 3
8

5 2

Figure 34: Galvanic Isolation

1 Current transducers 2 Galvanic isolation for the RS485 standard bus interface

3 Gate drive for the IGBTs 4 Supply (SMPS) including signal isolation of V DC, indicating
the intermediate current voltage

5 Galvanic isolation for the 24 V backup option 6 Opto-coupler, brake module (optional)

7 Internal inrush, RFI, and temperature measurement circuits 8 Customer relays

7.13.6 EMC-compliant Installation

To obtain an EMC-compliant installation, follow the instructions provided in the operating guide. For an example of proper EMC
installation, see the following illustration.

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NOTICE
TWISTED SHIELD ENDS (PIGTAILS)
Twisted shield ends increase the shield impedance at higher frequencies, which reduces the shield effect and increases the
leakage current. Avoid twisted shield ends by using integrated shield clamps.

l For use with relays, control cables, a signal interface, fieldbus, or brake, connect the shield to the enclosure at both ends. If the
ground path has high impedance, is noisy, or is carrying current, break the shield connection on 1 end to avoid ground current
loops.
l Convey the currents back to the unit using a metal mounting plate. Ensure good electrical contact from the mounting plate through
the mounting screws to the drive chassis.
l Use shielded cables for motor output cables. An alternative is unshielded motor cables within metal conduit.

NOTICE
SHIELDED CABLES
If shielded cables or metal conduits are not used, the unit and the installation do not meet regulatory limits on radio frequency
(RF) emission levels.

l Ensure that motor and brake cables are as short as possible to reduce the interference level from the entire system.
l Avoid placing cables with a sensitive signal level alongside motor and brake cables.
l For communication and command/control lines, follow the particular communication protocol standards. For example, USB must
use shielded cables, but RS485/ethernet can use shielded UTP or unshielded UTP cables.
l Ensure that all control terminal connections are PELV.

NOTICE
EMC INTERFERENCE
Use shielded cables for motor and control wiring. Make sure to separate mains input, motor, and control cables from one another.
Failure to isolate these cables can result in unintended behavior or reduced performance. Minimum 200 mm (7.9 in) clearance
between mains input, motor, and control cables are required.

NOTICE
INSTALLATION AT HIGH ALTITUDE
There is a risk of overvoltage. Isolation between components and critical parts could be insufficient and not comply with PELV
requirements. Reduce the risk of overvoltage by using external protective devices or galvanic isolation.
l For installations above 2000 m (6500 ft) altitude, contact Danfoss regarding PELV compliance.

NOTICE
PELV COMPLIANCE
Prevent electric shock by using protective extra low voltage (PELV) electrical supply and complying with local and national PELV
regulations.

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e30bf228.11
6

RELA
7

9L11 A INS
M

Y 1Y 2
9L22

RELA
10
9L33 8
+ BDBR
99 UMVTCO- R
W 9
-C
L-

11

1 12
90

13

2 14

3
15

u
4
v 16
4
w
4 PE
L1 17
L2
L3
PE

5 L1
L2
L3
PE 18
IEC 60309

Figure 35: Example of Proper EMC Installation

1 PLC 2 Minimum 16 mm2 (6 AWG) equalizing cable

3 Control cables 4 Minimum 200 mm (7.9 in) between control cables, motor
cables, and mains cables.

5 Mains supply 6 Bare (unpainted) surface

7 Star washers 8 Brake cable (shielded)

9 Motor cable (shielded) 10 Main cable (shielded)

11 Output contactor 12 Cable insulation stripped

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13 Common ground busbar. Follow local and national 14 Brake resistor

requirements for cabinet grounding.

15 Metal box 16 Connection to motor

17 Motor 18 EMC cable gland

7.14 Harmonics
7.14.1 Harmonics Overview
Non-linear loads such as those found with drives do not draw current uniformly from the power line. This non-sinusoidal current has
components which are multiples of the basic current frequency. These components are referred to as harmonics. It is important to
control the total harmonic distortion on the mains supply. Although the harmonic currents do not directly affect electrical energy
consumption, they generate heat in wiring and transformers that can affect other devices on the same power line.

7.14.2 Harmonic Analysis

Since harmonics increase heat losses, it is important to design systems with harmonics in mind to prevent overloading the transformer,
inductors, and wiring. When necessary, perform an analysis of the system harmonics to determine equipment effects.

A non-sinusoidal current is transformed with a Fourier series analysis into sine-wave currents at different frequencies, that is, different
harmonic currents IN with 50 Hz or 60 Hz as the basic frequency.

Table 22: Harmonics-related Abbreviations

Abbreviation Description

f1 Basic frequency (50 Hz or 60 Hz).

I1 Current at the basic frequency.

U1 Voltage at the basic frequency.

In Current at the nth harmonic frequency.

Un Voltage at the nth harmonic frequency.

n Harmonic order.

Table 23: Basic Currents and Harmonic Currents

Basic current (I1) Harmonic current (In)

Current I1 I5 I7 I11

Frequency 50 Hz 250 Hz 350 Hz 550 Hz

Table 24: Harmonic Currents vs. RMS Input Current

Current Harmonic current

IRMS I1 I5 I7 I11-49

Input current 1.0 0.9 0.5 0.2 <0.1

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The voltage distortion on the mains supply voltage depends on the size of the harmonic currents multiplied by the mains impedance for
the frequency in question. The total voltage distortion (THDi) is calculated based on the individual voltage harmonics using this formula:

7.14.3 Effect of Harmonics in a Power Distribution System

In the following illustration, a transformer is connected on the primary side to a point of common coupling PCC1, on the medium voltage
supply. The transformer has an impedance Zxfr and feeds several loads. The point of common coupling where all loads are connected is
PCC2. Each load connects through cables that have an impedance Z1, Z2, Z3.

e30bb540.10
PCC1

MV

LV

Z xfr

PCC2

Z 1 Z 2 Z 3

PCC3 PCC3 PCC3

Other
Loads

Recti er 1 Recti er 2 Recti er 3

Figure 36: Small Distribution System

PCC Point of common coupling MV Medium voltage

LV Low voltage Zxfr Transformer impedance

Z# Modeling resistance and inductance in the wiring

Harmonic currents drawn by non-linear loads cause distortion of the voltage because of the voltage drop on the impedances of the
distribution system. Higher impedances result in higher levels of voltage distortion.

Current distortion relates to apparatus performance and it relates to the individual load. Voltage distortion relates to system
performance. It is not possible to determine the voltage distortion in the PCC knowing only the harmonic performance of the load. To
predict the distortion in the PCC, the configuration of the distribution system and relevant impedances must be known.

A commonly used term for describing the impedance of a grid is the short circuit ratio Rsce, where Rsce is defined as the ratio between the
short circuit apparent power of the supply at the PCC (Ssc) and the rated apparent power of the load.

where and .

Negative effects of harmonics

l Harmonic currents contribute to system losses (in cabling and transformer).

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l Harmonic voltage distortion causes disturbance to other loads and increases losses in other loads.

7.14.4 IEC Harmonic Standards

In most of Europe, the basis for the objective assessment of the quality of mains power is the Electromagnetic Compatibility of Devices
Act (EMVG). Compliance with these regulations ensures that all devices and networks connected to electrical distribution systems fulfill
their intended purpose without generating problems.

Table 25: EN Design Standards for Mains Power Quality

Standard Definition

EN 61000-2-2, EN 61000-2-4, EN 50160 Define the mains voltage limits required for public and industrial
power grids.

EN 61000-3-2, EN 61000-3-12 Regulate mains interference generated by connected devices in

lower current products.

EN 50178 Monitors electronic equipment for use in power installations.

There are 2 European standards that address harmonics in the frequency range from 0 Hz to 9 kHz:

EN 61000–2–2 (Compatibility Levels for Low-Frequency Conducted Disturbances and Signaling in Public Low-Voltage Power Supply
Systems

The EN 61000–2–2 standard states the requirements for compatibility levels for PCC (point of common coupling) of low-voltage AC
systems on a public supply network. Limits are specified only for harmonic voltage and total harmonic distortion of the voltage. EN
61000–2–2 does not define limits for harmonic currents. In situations where the total harmonic distortion THD(V)=8%, PCC limits are
identical to those limits specified in the EN 61000–2–4 Class 2.

EN 61000–2–4 (Compatibility Levels for Low-Frequency Conducted Disturbances and Signaling in Industrial Plants)

The EN 61000–2–4 standard states the requirements for compatibility levels in industrial and private networks. The standard further
defines the following 3 classes of electromagnetic environments:

l Class 1 relates to compatibility levels that are less than the public supply network, which affects equipment sensitive to disturbances
(lab equipment, some automation equipment, and certain protection devices).
l Class 2 relates to compatibility levels that are equal to the public supply network. The class applies to PCCs on the public supply
network and to IPCs (internal points of coupling) on industrial or other private supply networks. Any equipment designed for
operation on a public supply network is allowed in this class.
l Class 3 relates to compatibility levels greater than the public supply network. This class applies only to IPCs in industrial
environments. Use this class where the following equipment is found:
¢ Large drives.
¢ Welding machines.
¢ Large motors starting frequently.
¢ Loads that change quickly.

Typically, a class cannot be defined ahead of time without considering the intended equipment and processes to be used in the
environment. Drives observe the limits of Class 3 under typical supply system conditions (RSC>10 or Vk Line<10%).

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Table 26: Compatibility Levels for Harmonics

Harmonic order (h) Class 1 (Vh%) Class 2 (Vh%) Class 3 (Vh%)

5 3 6 8

7 3 5 7

11 3 3.5 5

13 3 3 4.5

17 2 2 4

17�h≤49 2.27 x (17/h) – 0.27 2.27 x (17/h) – 0.27 4.5 x (17/h) – 0.5

Table 27: Compatibility Levels for the Total Harmonic Voltage Distortion THDv

Class 1 Class 2 Class 3

THDv 5% 8% 10%

7.14.5 Harmonic Compliance

Danfoss drives comply with the following standards:

l IEC61000-2-4.
l IEC61000-3-4.
l G5/4.

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8 Basic Operating Principles of a Drive

8.1 Introduction
This chapter provides an overview of the primary assemblies and circuitry of a Danfoss drive. It describes the internal electrical and signal
processing functions. A description of the internal control structure is also included.

8.2 Description of Operation

A drive is an electronic controller that supplies a regulated amount of AC power to a 3-phase inductive motor. By supplying variable
frequency and voltage to the motor, the drive varies the motor speed or maintains a constant speed as the load on the motor changes.
Also, the drive can stop and start a motor without the mechanical stress associated with a line start.

In its basic form, the drive can be divided into the following 4 main areas:

Rectifier
The rectifier consists of SCRs or diodes that convert 3-phase AC voltage to pulsating DC voltage.

DC link (DC bus)

The DC link consists of inductors and capacitor banks that stabilize the pulsating DC voltage.

Inverter
The inverter uses IGBTs to convert the DC voltage to variable voltage and variable frequency AC.

Control
The control area consists of software that runs the hardware to produce the variable voltage that controls and regulates the AC motor.
e30bf777.11

1 2 3

L1 U
L2 V
L3 W

Figure 37: Internal Processing

1 Rectifier (SCR/diodes) 2 DC link (DC bus)

3 Inverter (IGBTs) 4 Control

8.3 Drive Controls

8.3.1 Overview of Drive Controls
The following processes are used to control and regulate the motor:

l Reference handling.
l Feedback handling.
l User-defined control structure.
¢ Open-loop/closed-loop mode.

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¢ Motor control (speed, torque, or process).

l Control algorithms (VVC+, Flux Sensorless, and flux with motor feedback).

8.3.2 Reference Handling

[Link] Local and Remote Reference
Local reference

The local reference is active when the drive is operated with [Hand On] active. Adjust the reference via the Up key, Down key, Right key
and the [Back] key.

Remote reference

The reference handling system for calculating the remote reference is shown in the Figure 38.

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Figure 38: Remote Reference

The remote reference is calculated once in every scan interval and initially consists of 2 types of reference inputs:
1. X (the external reference): A sum (see parameter 3-04 Reference Function) of up to 4 externally selected references, comprising any
combination (determined by the setting in parameter 3-15 Reference 1 Source, parameter 3-16 Reference 2 Source, and parameter
3-17 Reference 3 Source) of a fixed preset reference (parameter 3-10 Preset Reference), variable analog references, variable digital
pulse references, and various fieldbus references in any unit the drive is monitoring ([Hz], [RPM], [Nm], and so on).
2. Y (the relative reference): A sum of 1 fixed preset reference (parameter 3-14 Preset Relative Reference) and 1 variable analog
reference (parameter 3-18 Relative Scaling Reference Resource) in [%].

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The 2 types of reference inputs are combined in the following formula:

Remote reference=X+X*Y/100%.

If relative reference is not used, set parameter 3-18 Relative Scaling Reference Resource to [0] No function and parameter 3-14 Preset
Relative Reference to 0%. The digital inputs on the drive can activate both the catch up/slow down function and the freeze reference
function. The functions and parameters are described in the programming guide.

The scaling of analog references is described in parameter group 6-1* Analog Input 53 and parameter group 6-2* Analog Input 54, and
the scaling of digital pulse references is described in parameter group 5-5* Pulse Input.

Reference limits and ranges are set in parameter group 3-0* Reference Limits.

[Link] Reference Limits

Parameter 3-00 Reference Range, parameter 3-02 Minimum Reference, and parameter 3-03 Maximum Reference define the allowed
range of the sum of all references. The sum of all references is clamped when necessary. The relation between the resulting reference
(after clamping) and the sum of all references are shown in the following illustrations.

e30ba184.10
P 3-00 Reference Range = [0] Min-Max

Resulting reference

P 3-03

Forward

P 3-02

Sum of all
references
-P 3-02
Reverse

-P 3-03

Figure 39: Sum of All References When Reference Range is Set to 0

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e30ba185.10
P 3-03 Reference Range = [1] -Max-Max

Resulting reference

P 3-03

Sum of all
references

-P 3-03

Figure 40: Sum of All References When Reference Range is Set to 1

The value of parameter 3-02 Minimum Reference cannot be set to less than 0, unless parameter 1-00 Configuration Mode is set to [3]
Process. In that case, the following relations between the resulting reference (after clamping) and the sum of all references are as shown
in Figure 41.
e30ba186.11

P 3-00 Reference Range = [0] Min to Max

Resulting reference

P 3-03

Sum of all
P 3-02 references

Figure 41: Sum of All References When Minimum Range is Set to a Minus Value

[Link] Scaling of Preset References and Bus References

Preset references are scaled according to the following rules:

l When parameter 3-00 Reference Range is set to [0] Min–Max, 0% reference equals 0 [unit] where unit can be any unit, for example
RPM, m/s, and bar. 100% reference equals the maximum (absolute value of parameter 3-03 Maximum Reference, absolute value of
parameter 3-02 Minimum Reference).
l When parameter 3-00 Reference Range is set to [1] -Max–+Max, 0% reference equals 0 [unit], and 100% reference equals maximum
reference.

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Bus references are scaled according to the following rules:

l When parameter 3-00 Reference Range is set to [0] Min–Max, 0% reference equals minimum reference, and 100% reference equals
maximum reference.
l When parameter 3-00 Reference Range is set to [1] -Max–+Max, -100% reference equals -maximum reference, and 100% reference
equals maximum reference.

[Link] Scaling of Analog and Pulse References and Feedback

References and feedback are scaled from analog and pulse inputs in the same way. The only difference is that a reference above or below
the specified minimum and maximum endpoints (P1 and P2 in the following illustration) are clamped while a feedback above or below is
not.

e30bd431.10
Resource output
[Hz]

High reference/
feedback value50 P2

Low reference/ P1
feedback value
Resource input

[V]
0 1 8 10
Terminal X
high

Figure 42: Minimum and Maximum Endpoints

The endpoints P1 and P2 are defined in the following table depending on choice of input.

Table 28: P1 and P2 Endpoints

Input Analog 53 Analog 53 Analog 54 Analog 54 Pulse input 29 Pulse input 33

voltage mode current mode voltage mode current mode

P1=(Minimum input value, minimum reference value)

Minimum refer- Parameter 6-14 Parameter 6-14 Parameter 6-24 Parameter 6-24 Parameter 5-52 Parameter 5-57
ence value Terminal 53 Terminal 53 Terminal 54 Terminal 54 Term. 29 Low Terminal 33
Low Ref./Feedb. Low Ref./Feedb. Low Ref./Feedb. Low Ref./Feedb. Ref./Feedb. Low Ref./Feedb.
Value Value Value Value Value Value

Minimum input Parameter 6-10 Parameter 6-12 Parameter 6-20 Parameter 6-22 Parameter 5-50 Parameter 5-55
value Terminal 53 Low Terminal 53 Low Terminal 54 Low Terminal 54 Low Terminal 29 Low Terminal 33 Low
Voltage [V] Current [mA] Voltage [V] Current [mA] Frequency [Hz] Frequency [Hz]

P2=(Maximum input value, maximum reference value)

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Table 28: P1 and P2 Endpoints (continued)

Input Analog 53 Analog 53 Analog 54 Analog 54 Pulse input 29 Pulse input 33

voltage mode current mode voltage mode current mode

Maximum refer- Parameter 6-15 Parameter 6-15 Parameter 6-25 Parameter 6-25 Parameter 5-53 Parameter 5-58
ence value Terminal 53 Terminal 53 Terminal 54 Terminal 54 Term. 29 High Terminal 33
High Ref./Feedb. High Ref./Feedb. High Ref./Feedb. High Ref./Feedb. Ref./Feedb. High Ref./Feedb.
Value Value Value Value Value Value

Maximum input Parameter 6-11 Parameter 6-13 Parameter 6-21 Parameter 6-23 Parameter 5-51 Parameter 5-56
value Terminal 53 Terminal 53 Terminal 54 Terminal 54 Terminal 29 Terminal 33
High Voltage [V] High Current High Voltage [V] High Current High Frequency High Frequency
[mA] [mA] [Hz] [Hz]

[Link] Dead Band Around Zero

Sometimes, the reference (in rare cases also the feedback) should have a dead band around 0 to ensure that the machine is stopped
when the reference is near 0.

To make the dead band active and to set the amount of dead band, do the following:

l Set either the minimum reference value or maximum reference value at 0. In other words, either P1 or P2 must be on the X-axis in
Figure 43.
l Ensure that both points defining the scaling graph are in the same quadrant.

P1 or P2 defines the size of the dead band as shown in Figure 43.

Figure 43: Size of Dead Band

Case 1: Positive reference with dead band, digital input to trigger reverse, part I

Figure 44 shows how reference input with limits inside minimum to maximum limits clamps.

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Figure 44: Clamping of Reference Input with Limits inside Minimum to Maximum

Case 2: Positive reference with dead band, digital input to trigger reverse, part II

Figure 45 shows how reference input with limits outside -maximum to +maximum limits clamps to the input low and high limits before
adding to external reference, and how the external reference is clamped to -maximum to +maximum by the reference algorithm.

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Figure 45: Clamping of Reference Input with Limits outside -Maximum to +Maximum

8.3.3 Control Structures

[Link] Control Principle
A drive rectifies AC voltage from mains into DC voltage. Then the DC voltage is converted into an AC current with a variable amplitude
and frequency.

The motor is supplied with variable voltage/current and frequency, enabling variable speed control of 3-phased standard AC motors and
permanent magnet synchronous motors.

[Link] Control Modes

The drive is capable of controlling either the speed or the torque on the motor shaft. Setting parameter 1-00 Configuration Mode
determines the type of control.

Speed control

There are 2 types of speed control:

l Speed open-loop control, which does not require any feedback from the motor (sensorless).
l Speed closed-loop PID control, which requires a speed feedback to an input. A properly optimized speed closed-loop control has
higher accuracy than a speed open-loop control.

Select which input to use as speed PID feedback in parameter 7-00 Speed PID Feedback Source.

Torque control

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The torque control function is used in applications where the torque on the motor output shaft is controlling the application as tension
control. Torque control can be either in VVV+ torque open loop in flux sensorless or in flux control closed loop. The best performance
is with flux closed loop, especially near 0 speed. Torque control can be selected in parameter 1-00 Configuration Mode. Torque setting
is done by setting an analog, digital, or bus controlled reference. When running torque control, it is recommended to run a full AMA
procedure, because correct motor data is important in achieving optimal performance.

l Closed loop in VVC+ mode. This function is used in applications with low to medium dynamic variation of shaft, and offers excellent
performance in all 4 quadrants and at all motor speeds. The speed feedback signal is mandatory. It is recommended to use MCB102
option card. Ensure that the encoder resolution is at least 1024 PPR, and the shield cable of the encoder is well grounded, because
the accuracy of the speed feedback signal is important. Tune parameter 7-06 Speed PID Lowpass Filter Time to get the best speed
feedback signal.
l Open loop in VVC+ mode. The function is used in mechanically robust applications, but the accuracy is limited. The open-loop
torque function works for 2 directions. The torque is calculated based on the internal current measurement in the drive.

Speed/torque reference

The reference to these controls can be either a single reference or the sum of various references including relatively scaled references.
Handling of reference is explained in detail in the chapter Reference Handling.

8.3.4 Control Processing

[Link] Control Structure in VVC+

e3 0 bd3 7 1 .1 0
P 4 -1 9
Max. output freq.
P 1 -0 0 P 1 -0 0
P 4 -1 4
Config. mode Config. mode
Motor speed + f max.
high limit (Hz)
P 3 -** Motor
High
controller
Ref.
Ramp -f max.

Low
+ P 4 -1 2
P 4 -1 9
S Process Motor speed
Max. output freq.
_ low limit (Hz)

P 7 -0 * + f max.

P 7 -2 0 Process feedback + Speed Motor

1 source S PID controller
P 7 -2 2 Process feedback _
2 source -f max.
P 7 -0 0 S peed PID
feedback source

Figure 46: Control Structure in VVC+ Open-loop Configurations and Closed-loop Configurations

In the configuration shown in Figure 46, parameter 1-01 Motor Control Principle is set to [1] VVC+ and parameter 1-00 Configuration
Mode is set to [0] Speed open loop. The resulting reference from the reference handling system is received and fed through the ramp
limitation and speed limitation before being sent to the motor control. The output of the motor control is then limited by the maximum
frequency limit.

If parameter 1-00 Configuration Mode is set to [1] Speed closed loop, the resulting reference is passed from the ramp limitation and
speed limitation into a Speed PID control. The Speed PID control parameters are in parameter group 7-0* Speed PID Ctrl. The resulting
reference from the Speed PID control is sent to the motor control limited by the frequency limit.

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Select [3] Process in parameter 1-00 Configuration Mode to use the process PID control for closed-loop control of speed or pressure in
the controlled application. The process PID parameters are in parameter groups 7-2* Process Ctrl. Feedb and parameter groups 7-3*
Process PID Ctrl.

[Link] Control Structure in Flux Sensorless

Control structure in Flux Sensorless open-loop and closed-loop configurations.

e30bv187.10
P 1-00
Config. mode

P 4-19
P 4-14 Motor speed Max. output
high limit [Hz] freq.
High P 3-** P 7-0* + f max.
Ref. +
Ramp S Speed Motor
PID controller
_
Low -f max.
+
Process P 4-12 Motor speed
S
PID low limit [Hz]
_

P 7-20 Process feedback

1 source
P 7-22 Process feedback
2 source

Figure 47: Control Structure in Flux Sensorless

In the configuration shown, parameter 1-01 Motor Control Principle is set to [2] Flux Sensorless and parameter 1-00 Configuration Mode
is set to [0] Speed open loop. The resulting reference from the reference handling system is fed through the ramp and speed limitations
as determined by the parameter settings indicated.

An estimated speed feedback is generated to the speed PID to control the output frequency.

The speed PID must be set with its P, I, and D parameters (parameter group 7-0* Controllers).

Select [3] Process in parameter 1-00 Configuration Mode to use the process PID control for closed-loop control of speed or pressure
in the controlled application. The process PID parameters are in parameter group 7-2* Process Ctrl. Feedb and parameter group 7-3*
Process PID Ctrl.

[Link] Control Structure in Flux with Motor Feedback

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e30bv188.10
P 1-00 P 1-00
Config. mode Config. mode
Torque

P 4-19
P 4-14 Motor speed Max. output
high limit (Hz) freq.

P 7-2* High P 3-** P 7-0* + f max.

Ref. + +
Process Ramp Speed Motor
_ PID _ PID controller

Low -f max.
P 4-12 Motor speed P 7-00
P 7-20 Process feedback
low limit (Hz) PID source
1 source
P 7-22 Process feedback
2 source

Figure 48: Control Structure in Flux with Motor Feedback

In the configuration shown, parameter 1-01 Motor Control Principle is set to [3] Flux w/ motor feedb and parameter 1-00 Configuration
Mode is set to [1] Speed closed loop.

Select [1] Speed closed loop in parameter 1-00 Configuration Mode to use the resulting reference as an input for the Speed PID control.
The Speed PID control parameters are in parameter group 7-0* Speed PID Ctrl.

Select [2] Torque in parameter 1-00 Configuration Mode to use the resulting reference directly as a torque reference. Torque control
can only be selected in the flux with motor feedback (parameter 1-01 Motor Control Principle) configuration. When this mode has been
selected, the reference uses the Nm unit. It requires no torque feedback, since the actual torque is calculated based on the current
measurement of the drive.

Select [3] Process in parameter 1-00 Configuration Mode to use the process PID control for closed-loop control of a process variable (for
example, speed) in the controlled application.

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9 RS485 Installation and Setup

9.1 Introduction
9.1.1 Overview
RS485 is a 2-wire bus interface compatible with multi-drop network topology. The nodes can be connected as a bus or via drop cables
from a common trunk line. A total of 32 nodes can be connected to 1 network segment.

Repeaters divide network segments, see Figure 49.

e75za145.12
R+ R+

Master 1 2 3 31 Repeater

R+ R+

Repeater 1 2 3 30

R+ R+

1 2 3 30

Repeater

R+ R+

1 2 3 30 31

Figure 49: RS485 Bus Interface

NOTICE
Each repeater functions as a node within the segment in which it is installed. Each node connected within a given network must
have a unique node address across all segments.

Terminate each segment at both ends, using either the termination switch (S801) of the drives or a biased termination resistor network.
Always use shielded twisted pair (STP) cable for bus cabling and follow good common installation practice.

Low-impedance ground connection of the shield at every node is important, including at high frequencies. Thus, connect a large surface
of the shield to ground, for example with a cable clamp or a conductive cable gland. Sometimes, it is necessary to apply potential-
equalizing cables to maintain the same ground potential throughout the network, particularly in installations with long cables.

To prevent impedance mismatch, use the same type of cable throughout the entire network. When connecting a motor to the drive,
always use shielded motor cable.

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Table 29: Cable Specifications

Cable Shielded twisted pair (STP)

Impedance [Ω] 120

Cable length [m (ft)] Maximum 1200 (3937) (including drop lines).

Maximum 500 (1640) station-to-station.

9.1.2 Network Connection

Connect the drive to the RS485 network as follows (see also Figure 50):

1. Connect signal wires to terminal 68 (P+) and terminal 69 (N-) on the main control board of the drive.
2. Connect the cable shield to the cable clamps.

NOTICE
To reduce noise between conductors, use shielded, twisted-pair cables.
e30bb795.10

61 68 69
COMM. GND
P
N

Figure 50: Network Connection

9.1.3 Hardware Setup

To terminate the RS485 bus, use the terminator switch on the main control board of the drive.

The factory setting for the switch is OFF.

9.1.4 Parameter Settings for Modbus Communication

Table 30: Modbus Communication Parameter Settings

Parameter Function

Parameter 8-30 Protocol Select the application protocol to run for the RS485 interface.

Parameter 8-31 Address Set the node address.

NOTICE
The address range depends on the protocol selected in
parameter 8-30 Protocol.

Parameter 8-32 Baud Rate Set the baud rate.

NOTICE
The default baud rate depends on the protocol selected in
parameter 8-30 Protocol.

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Table 30: Modbus Communication Parameter Settings (continued)

Parameter Function

Parameter 8-33 Parity/Stop Bits Set the parity and number of stop bits.

NOTICE
The default selection depends on the protocol selected in
parameter 8-30 Protocol.

Parameter 8-35 Minimum Response Delay Specify a minimum delay time between receiving a request and
transmitting a response. This function is for overcoming modem
turnaround delays.

Parameter 8-36 Maximum Response Delay Specify a maximum delay time between transmitting a request
and receiving a response.

Parameter 8-37 Maximum Inter-char delay If transmission is interrupted, specify a maximum delay time be-
tween 2 received bytes to ensure timeout.

NOTICE
The default selection depends on the protocol selected in
parameter 8-30 Protocol.

9.1.5 EMC Precautions

To achieve interference-free operation of the RS485 network, Danfoss recommends the following EMC precautions.

NOTICE
Observe relevant national and local regulations, for example, regarding protective ground connection. To avoid coupling of high
frequency noise between the cables, keep the RS485 communication cable away from motor and brake resistor cables. Normally,
a distance of 200 mm (8 in) is sufficient. Maintain the greatest possible distance between the cables, especially where cables run in
parallel over long distances. When crossing is unavoidable, the RS485 cable must cross motor and brake resistor cables at an angle
of 90°.

9.2 FC Protocol
9.2.1 Overview
The FC protocol, also referred to as FC bus or standard bus, is the Danfoss standard fieldbus. It defines an access technique according to
the master/follower principle for communications via a fieldbus.

One master and a maximum of 126 followers can be connected to the bus. The master selects the individual followers via an address
character in the telegram. A follower itself can never transmit without first being requested to do so, and direct telegram transfer
between the individual followers is not possible. Communications occur in the half duplex mode.

The master function cannot be transferred to another node (single-master system).

The physical layer is RS485, thus utilizing the RS485 port built into the drive. The FC protocol supports different telegram formats:

l A short format of 8 bytes for process data.

l A long format of 16 bytes that also includes a parameter channel.

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l A format used for texts.

9.2.2 FC with Modbus RTU

The FC protocol provides access to the control word and bus reference of the drive.

The control word allows the Modbus master to control several important functions of the drive:

l Start.
l Stop of the drive in various ways:
¢ Coast stop.
¢ Quick stop.
¢ DC brake stop.
¢ Normal (ramp) stop.
l Reset after a fault trip.
l Run at various preset speeds.
l Run in reverse.
l Change of the active setup.
l Control of the 2 relays built into the drive.

The bus reference is commonly used for speed control. It is also possible to access the parameters, read their values, and where possible,
write values to them. Accessing the parameters offers a range of control options, including controlling the setpoint of the drive when its
internal PI controller is used.

9.3 FC Protocol Network Configuration

To enable the FC protocol for the drive, set the following parameters.

Table 31: Parameters to Enable the Protocol

Parameter Setting

Parameter 8-30 Protocol FC

Parameter 8-31 Address 1–126

Parameter 8-32 Baud Rate 2400–115200

Parameter 8-33 Parity/Stop Bits Even parity, 1 stop bit (default)

9.4 FC Protocol Message Framing Structure

9.4.1 Content of a Character (byte)
Each character transferred begins with a start bit. Then 8 data bits are transferred, corresponding to a byte. Each character is secured via
a parity bit. This bit is set at 1 when it reaches parity. Parity is when there is an equal number of 1s in the 8 data bits and the parity bit in
total. A stop bit completes a character, consisting of 11 bits in all.
e95na036.10

Start 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Even Stop

bit parity bit

Figure 51: Content of a Character

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9.4.2 Telegram Structure

Each telegram has the following structure:

l Start character (STX) = 02 hex.

l A byte denoting the telegram length (LGE).
l A byte denoting the drive address (ADR).

Several data bytes (variable, depending on the type of telegram) follow.

A data control byte (BCC) completes the telegram.

e95na099.10
STX LGE ADR DATA BCC

Figure 52: Telegram Structure

9.4.3 Telegram Length (LGE)

The telegram length is the number of data bytes plus the address byte ADR and the data control byte BCC.

Table 32: Length of Telegrams

4 data bytes LGE=4+1+1=6 bytes

12 data bytes LGE=12+1+1=14 bytes

Telegrams containing texts 10(1)+n bytes

1) 10 represents the fixed characters, while n is variable (depending on the length of the text).

9.4.4 Drive Address (ADR)

Address format 1–126

l Bit 7 = 1 (address format 1–126 active).

l Bit 0–6 = drive address 1–126.
l Bit 0–6 = 0 broadcast.

The follower returns the address byte unchanged to the master in the response telegram.

9.4.5 Data Control Byte (BCC)

The checksum is calculated as an XOR-function. Before the first byte in the telegram is received, the calculated checksum is 0.

9.4.6 The Data Field

The structure of data blocks depends on the type of telegram. There are 3 telegram types, and the type applies to both control telegrams
(master=>follower) and response telegrams (follower=>master).

The 3 types of telegram are:

Process block (PCD)

The PCD is made up of a data block of 4 bytes (2 words) and contains:

l Control word and reference value (from master to follower).

l Status word and present output frequency (from follower to master).

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e30ba269.10
STX LGE ADR PCD1 PCD2 BCC

Figure 53: Process Block

Parameter block

The parameter block is used to transfer parameters between master and follower. The data block is made up of 12 bytes (6 words) and
also contains the process block.

e30ba271.10
STX LGE ADR PKE IND PWEhigh PWElow PCD1 PCD2 BCC

Figure 54: Parameter Block

Text block

The text block is used to read or write texts via the data block.

e30ba270.10
STX LGE ADR PKE IND Ch1 Ch2 Chn PCD1 PCD2 BCC

Figure 55: Text Block

9.4.7 The PKE Field

The PKE field contains 2 subfields:

l Parameter command and response (AK).

l Parameter number (PNU).

Figure 56: PKE Field

Bits 12–15 transfer parameter commands from master to follower and return processed follower responses to the master.

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Table 33: Parameter Commands

Parameter commands master to follower

Bit number Parameter command

15 14 13 12

0 0 0 0 No command.

0 0 0 1 Read parameter value.

0 0 1 0 Write parameter value

in RAM (word).

0 0 1 1 Write parameter value

in RAM (double word).

1 1 0 1 Write parameter value

in RAM and EEPROM
(double word).

1 1 1 0 Write parameter value

in RAM and EEPROM
(word).

1 1 1 1 Read text.

Table 34: Response

Response follower to master

Bit number Response

15 14 13 12

0 0 0 0 No command.

0 0 0 1 Parameter value trans-

ferred (word).

0 0 1 0 Parameter value trans-

ferred (double word).

0 1 1 1 Command cannot be
performed.

1 1 1 1 Text transferred.

If the command cannot be performed, the follower sends 0111 Command cannot be performed response and issues the following fault
reports in the table.

Table 35: Follower Report

Fault code FC specification

0 Illegal parameter number.

1 Parameter cannot be changed.

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Table 35: Follower Report (continued)

Fault code FC specification

2 Upper or lower limit is exceeded.

3 Sub-index is corrupted.

4 No array.

5 Wrong data type.

6 Not used.

7 Not used.

9 Description element is not available.

11 No parameter write access.

15 No text available.

17 Not applicable while running.

18 Other errors.

100 –

>100 –

130 No bus access for this parameter.

131 Write to factory setup is not possible.

132 No LCP access.

252 Unknown viewer.

253 Request is not supported.

254 Unknown attribute.

255 No error.

9.4.8 Parameter Number (PNU)

Bits 0–11 transfer parameter numbers. The function of the relevant parameter is defined in the parameter description in the
programming guide of the drive.

9.4.9 Index (IND)

The index is used with the parameter number to read/write access parameters with an index, for example, parameter 15-30 Alarm Log:
Error Code. The index consists of 2 bytes: a low byte and a high byte.

Only the low byte is used as an index.

9.4.10 Parameter Value (PWE)

The parameter value block consists of 2 words (4 bytes), and the value depends on the defined command (AK). The master prompts for a
parameter value when the PWE block contains no value. To change a parameter value (write), write the new value in the PWE block and
send from the master to the follower.

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When a follower responds to a parameter request (read command), the present parameter value in the PWE block is transferred and
returned to the master. If a parameter contains several data options, for example, parameter 0-01 Language, select the data value by
entering the value in the PWE block. Serial communication is only capable of reading parameters containing data type 9 (text string).

Parameter 15-40 FC Type to parameter 15-53 Power Card Serial Number contain data type 9. For example, read the unit size and mains
voltage range in parameter 15-40 FC Type. When a text string is transferred (read), the length of the telegram is variable, and the texts
are of different lengths. The telegram length is defined in the 2nd byte of the telegram (LGE). When using text transfer, the index
character indicates whether it is a read, or a write command.

To read a text via the PWE block, set the parameter command (AK) to F hex. The index character high-byte must be 4.

9.4.11 Data Types Supported by the Drive

Unsigned means that there is no operational sign in the telegram.

Table 36: Data Types

Data types Description

3 Integer 16

4 Integer 32

5 Unsigned 8

6 Unsigned 16

7 Unsigned 32

9 Text string

9.4.12 Conversion
The programming guide contains the descriptions of attributes of each parameter. Parameter values are transferred as whole numbers
only. Conversion factors are used to transfer decimals.

Parameter 4-12 Motor Speed Low Limit [Hz] has a conversion factor of 0.1. To preset the minimum frequency to 10 Hz, transfer the value
100. A conversion factor of 0.1 means that the value transferred is multiplied by 0.1. The value 100 is thus perceived as 10.0.

Table 37: Conversion

Conversion index Conversion factor

74 3600

2 100

1 10

0 1

-1 0.1

-2 0.01

-3 0.001

-4 0.0001

-5 0.00001

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9.4.13 Process Words (PCD)

The block of process words is divided into 2 blocks of 16 bits, which always occur in the defined sequence.

Table 38: Process Words (PCD)

PCD 1 PCD 2

Control telegram (master to follower control word) Reference value

Control telegram (follower to master) status word Present output frequency

9.5 Examples
9.5.1 Writing a Parameter Value
Change parameter 4-14 Motor Speed High Limit [Hz] to 100 Hz.

Write the data in EEPROM.

PKE = E19E hex - Write single word in parameter 4-14 Motor Speed High Limit [Hz]:

l IND = 0000 hex.

l PWEHIGH = 0000 hex.
l PWELOW = 03E8 hex.

Data value 1000, corresponding to 100 Hz, see the chapter 9.4.12 Conversion.

The telegram looks like the Figure 57.

e30ba092.10

E19E H 0000 H 0000 H 03E8 H

PKE IND PWEhigh PWElow

Figure 57: Telegram

NOTICE
Parameter 4-14 Motor Speed High Limit [Hz] is a single word, and the parameter command for write in EEPROM is E. Parameter
4-14 Motor Speed High Limit [Hz] is 19E in hexadecimal.

The response from the follower to the master is shown in the Figure 58.
e30ba093.10

119E H 0000 H 0000 H 03E8 H

PKE IND PWEhigh PWElow

Figure 58: Response from Master

9.5.2 Reading a Parameter Value

Read the value in parameter 3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp Up Time.

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PKE = 1155 hex - Read parameter value in parameter 3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp Up Time:

l IND = 0000 hex.

l PWEHIGH = 0000 hex.
l PWELOW = 0000 hex.

e30ba094.10
1155 H 0000 H 0000 H 0000 H

PKE IND PWEhigh PWElow

Figure 59: Telegram

If the value in parameter 3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp Up Time is 10 s, the response from the follower to the master is shown in .

e30ba267.10
1155 H 0000 H 0000 H 03E8 H

PKE IND PWEhigh PWElow

Figure 60: Response

3E8 hex corresponds to 1000 decimal. The conversion index for parameter 3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp Up Time is -2, that is, 0.01.

Parameter 3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp Up Time is of the type Unsigned 32.

9.6 Modbus RTU

9.6.1 Prerequisite Knowledge
Danfoss assumes that the installed controller supports the interfaces in this manual and strictly observes all requirements and limitations
stipulated in the controller and the drive.

The built-in Modbus RTU (remote terminal unit) is designed to communicate with any controller that supports the interfaces defined in
this manual. It is assumed that the user has full knowledge of the capabilities and limitations of the controller.

9.6.2 Overview
Regardless of the type of physical communication networks, this section describes the process that a controller uses to request access to
another device. This process includes how the Modbus RTU responds to requests from another device, and how errors are detected and
reported. It also establishes a common format for the layout and contents of telegram fields.

During communications over a Modbus RTU network, the protocol:

l Determines how each controller learns its device address.

l Recognizes a telegram addressed to it.
l Determines which actions to take.
l Extracts any data or other information contained in the telegram.

If a reply is required, the controller constructs the reply telegram and sends it.

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Controllers communicate using a master/follower technique in which only the master can initiate transactions (called queries). Followers
respond by supplying the requested data to the master, or by acting as requested in the query. The master can address individual
followers, or initiate a broadcast telegram to all followers. Followers return a response to queries that are addressed to them individually.
No responses are returned to broadcast queries from the master.

The Modbus RTU protocol establishes the format for the master query by providing the following information:

l The device (or broadcast) address.

l A function code defining the requested action.
l Any data to be sent.
l An error-checking field.

The response telegram of the follower device is also constructed using Modbus protocol. It contains fields confirming the action taken,
any data to be returned, and an error-checking field. If an error occurs in receipt of the telegram, or if the follower is unable to perform
the requested action, the follower constructs and sends an error message. Alternatively, a timeout occurs.

9.6.3 Drive with Modbus RTU

The drive communicates in Modbus RTU format over the built-in RS485 interface. Modbus RTU provides access to the control word and
bus reference of the drive.

The control word allows the Modbus master to control several important functions of the drive:

l Start.
l Various stops:
¢ Coast stop.
¢ Quick stop.
¢ DC brake stop.
¢ Normal (ramp) stop.
l Reset after a fault trip.
l Run at various preset speeds.
l Run in reverse.
l Change the active setup.
l Control built-in relay of the drive.

The bus reference is commonly used for speed control. It is also possible to access the parameters, read their values, and, where possible,
write values to them. Accessing the parameters offers a range of control options, including controlling the setpoint of the drive when its
internal PI controller is used.

9.7 Modbus RTU Network Configuration

To enable Modbus RTU on the drive, set the following parameters:

Table 39: Parameters to Enable the Modbus RTU

Parameter Setting

Parameter 8-30 Protocol Modbus RTU

Parameter 8-31 Address 1–247

Parameter 8-32 Baud Rate 2400–115200

Parameter 8-33 Parity/Stop Bits Even parity, 1 stop bit (default)

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9.8 Modbus RTU Message Framing Structure

9.8.1 Introduction
The controllers are set up to communicate on the Modbus network using RTU (remote terminal unit) mode, with each byte in a telegram
containing 2 4-bit hexadecimal characters. The format for each byte is shown in the following table.

Table 40: Format for Each Byte

Start bit Data byte Stop/ Stop

parity

Table 41: Byte Details

Coding system 8-bit binary, hexadecimal 0–9, A–F.

2 hexadecimal characters contained in each 8-bit field of the
telegram.

Bits per byte • 1 start bit.

• 8 data bits, least significant bit sent first.
• 1 bit for even/odd parity; no bit for no parity.
• 1 stop bit if parity is used; 2 bits if no parity.

Error check field Cyclic redundancy check (CRC).

9.8.2 Modbus RTU Telegram Structure

The transmitting device places a Modbus RTU telegram into a frame with a known beginning and ending point. This allows receiving
devices to begin at the start of the telegram, read the address portion, determine which device is addressed (or all devices, if the
telegram is broadcast), and to recognize when the telegram is completed. Partial telegrams are detected and errors set as a result.
Characters for transmission must be in hexadecimal 00–FF format in each field. The drive continuously monitors the network bus, also
during silent intervals. When the first field (the address field) is received, each drive or device decodes it to determine which device is
being addressed. Modbus RTU telegrams addressed to 0 are broadcast telegrams. No response is allowed for broadcast telegrams. A
typical telegram frame is shown in the following table.

Table 42: Typical Modbus RTU Telegram Structure

Start Address Function Data CRC check End

T1-T2-T3-T4 8 bits 8 bits N x 8 bits 16 bits T1-T2-T3-T4

9.8.3 Start/Stop Field

Telegrams start with a silent period of at least 3.5 character intervals. The silent period is implemented as a multiple of character intervals
at the selected network baud rate (shown as Start T1-T2-T3-T4). The first field to be transmitted is the device address. Following the last
transmitted character, a similar period of at least 3.5 character intervals marks the end of the telegram. A new telegram can begin after
this period.

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Transmit the entire telegram frame as a continuous stream. If a silent period of more than 1.5 character intervals occurs before
completion of the frame, the receiving device flushes the incomplete telegram and assumes that the next byte is the address field of a
new telegram. Similarly, if a new telegram begins before 3.5 character intervals after a previous telegram, the receiving device considers
it a continuation of the previous telegram. This behavior causes a timeout (no response from the follower), since the value in the final
CRC field is not valid for the combined telegrams.

9.8.4 Address Field

The address field of a telegram frame contains 8 bits. Valid follower device addresses are in the range of 0–247 decimal. The individual
follower devices are assigned addresses in the range of 1–247. 0 is reserved for broadcast mode, which all slaves recognize. A master
addresses a follower by placing the follower address in the address field of the telegram. When the follower sends its response, it places
its own address in this address field to let the master know which follower is responding.

9.8.5 Function Field

The function field of a telegram frame contains 8 bits. Valid codes are in the range of 1–FF. Function fields are used to send telegrams
between master and follower. When a telegram is sent from a master to a follower device, the function code field tells the follower what
kind of action to perform. When the follower responds to the master, it uses the function code field to indicate either a normal (error-
free) response, or that some kind of error occurred (called an exception response).

For a normal response, the follower simply echoes the original function code. For an exception response, the follower returns a code that
is equivalent to the original function code with its most significant bit set to logic 1. In addition, the follower places a unique code into
the data field of the response telegram. This code tells the master what kind of error occurred, or the reason for the exception. Also refer
to chapter Function Codes Supported by Modbus RTU and chapter Modbus Exception Codes.

9.8.6 Data Field

The data field is constructed using sets of 2 hexadecimal digits, in the range of 00–FF hexadecimal. These digits are made up of 1 RTU
character. The data field of telegrams sent from a master to a follower device contains additional information which the follower must
use to perform accordingly.

The information can include items such as:

l Coil or register addresses.

l The quantity of items to be handled.
l The count of actual data bytes in the field.

9.8.7 CRC Check Field

Telegrams include an error-checking field, operating based on a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) method. The CRC field checks the
contents of the entire telegram. It is applied regardless of any parity check method used for the individual characters of the telegram.
The transmitting device calculates the CRC value and appends the CRC as the last field in the telegram. The receiving device recalculates
a CRC during receipt of the telegram and compares the calculated value to the actual value received in the CRC field. 2 unequal values
result in bus timeout. The error-checking field contains a 16-bit binary value implemented as 2 8-bit bytes. After the implementation,
the low-order byte of the field is appended first, followed by the high-order byte. The CRC high-order byte is the last byte sent in the
telegram.

9.8.8 Coil Register Addressing

In Modbus, all data is organized in coils and holding registers. Coils hold a single bit, whereas holding registers hold a 2 byte word (that
is 16 bits). All data addresses in Modbus telegrams are referenced to 0. The first occurrence of a data item is addressed as item number
0. For example: The coil known as coil 1 in a programmable controller is addressed as coil 0000 in the data address field of a Modbus
telegram. Coil 127 decimal is addressed as coil 007Ehex (126 decimal).

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Holding register 40001 is addressed as register 0000 in the data address field of the telegram. The function code field already specifies
a holding register operation. Therefore, the 4XXXX reference is implicit. Holding register 40108 is addressed as register 006Bhex (107
decimal).

Table 43: Coil Register

Coil number Description Signal direction

1–16 Drive control word. Master to follower

17–32 Drive speed or setpoint reference range 0x0–0xFFFF (-200% ... Master to follower
~200%).

33–48 Drive status word. Follower to master

49–64 Open-loop mode: Drive output frequency. Follower to master

Closed-loop mode: Drive feedback signal.

65 Parameter write control (master to slave). Master to follower

0 = Parameter changes are written to the RAM of the drive.

1 = Parameter changes are written to the RAM and EEPROM of

the drive.

66–65536 Reserved. –

Table 44: Drive Control Word (FC Profile)

Coil 0 1

01 Preset reference lsb

02 Preset reference msb

03 DC brake No DC brake

04 Coast stop No coast stop

05 Quick stop No quick stop

06 Freeze frequency No freeze frequency

07 Ramp stop Start

08 No reset Reset

09 No jog Jog

10 Ramp 1 Ramp 2

11 Data not valid Data valid

12 Relay 1 off Relay 1 on

13 Relay 2 off Relay 2 on

14 Set up lsb

15 –

16 No reversing Reversing

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Table 45: Drive Status Word (FC Profile)

Coil 0 1

33 Control not ready Control ready

34 Drive not ready Drive ready

35 Coast stop Safety closed

36 No alarm Alarm

37 Not used Not used

38 Not used Not used

39 Not used Not used

40 No warning Warning

41 Not at reference At reference

42 Hand-on mode Auto mode

43 Out of frequency range In frequency range

44 Stopped Running

45 Not used Not used

46 No voltage warning Voltage warning

47 Not in current limit Current limit

48 No thermal warning Thermal warning

Table 46: Address/Registers

Bus address Bus register(1) PLC register Content Access Description

0 1 40001 Reserved – Reserved for legacy frequency con-

verters VLT® 5000 and VLT® 2800.

1 2 40002 Reserved – Reserved for legacy frequency con-

verters VLT® 5000 and VLT® 2800.

2 3 40003 Reserved – Reserved for legacy frequency con-

verters VLT® 5000 and VLT® 2800.

3 4 40004 Free – –

4 5 40005 Free – –

5 6 40006 Modbus config- Read/Write TCP only. Reserved for Modbus TCP
uration (parameter 12-28 Store Data Values
and parameter 12-29 Store Always -
stored in, for example, EEPROM).

6 7 40007 Last fault code Read only Fault code received from parameter
database, refer to WHAT 38295 for
details.

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Table 46: Address/Registers (continued)

Bus address Bus register(1) PLC register Content Access Description

7 8 40008 Last error regis- Read only Address of register with which last
ter error occurred, refer to WHAT 38296
for details.

8 9 40009 Index pointer Read/Write Sub-index of parameter to be ac-

cessed. Refer to WHAT 38297 for de-
tails.

9 10 40010 Parameter 0-01 Dependent on Parameter 0-01 Language (Modbus

Language parameter ac- register = 10 parameter number) 20
cess bytes space reserved for parameter
in Modbus map.

19 20 40020 Parameter 0-02 Dependent on Parameter 0-02 Motor Speed Unit

Motor Speed parameter ac- 20 bytes space reserved for para-
Unit cess meter in Modbus map.

29 30 40030 Parameter Dependent on Parameter 0-03 Regional Settings

0-03 Regional parameter ac- 20 bytes space reserved for para-
Settings cess meter in Modbus map.

1) Value written in the Modbus RTU telegram must be 1 or less than the register number. For example, Read Modbus Register 1 by writing value 0 in the telegram.

9.8.9 How to Control the Drive

This section describes codes which can be used in the function and data fields of a Modbus RTU telegram.

9.8.10 Function Codes Supported by Modbus RTU

Modbus RTU supports use of the following function codes in the function field of a telegram:

Table 47: Function Codes

Function Function code (hex)

Read coils 1

Read holding registers 3

Write single coil 5

Write single register 6

Diagnostics 8

Get comm. event counter B

Write multiple coils F

Write multiple registers 10

Report follower ID 11

Read/Write multiple registers 17

Encapsulated Interface Transport 2b

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Table 48: Subfunction Code of Function Code 8

Function Function code Subfunction code Subfunction

Diagnostics 8 1 Restart communication.

2 Return diagnostic register.

10 Clear counters and diagnostic register.

11 Return bus message count.

12 Return bus communication error count.

13 Return follower error count.

14 Return follower message count.

9.8.11 Modbus Exception Codes

For a full explanation of the structure of an exception code response, refer to 9.8.5 Function Field.

Table 49: Modbus Exception Codes

Code Name Meaning

1 Illegal func- The function code received in the query is not an allowable action for the server (or follower). This
tion may be because the function code is only applicable to newer devices and was not implemented in
the unit selected. It could also indicate that the server (or follower) is in the wrong state to process
a request of this type, for example because it is not configured and is being asked to return register
values.

2 Illegal data The data address received in the query is not an allowable address for the server (or follower). More
address specifically, the combination of reference number and transfer length is invalid. For a controller
with 100 registers, a request with offset 96 and length 4 succeeds, while a request with offset 96
and length 5 generates exception 02.

3 Illegal data A value contained in the query data field is not an allowable value for server (or follower). This indi-
value cates a fault in the structure of the remainder of a complex request, such as that the implied length
is incorrect. It does NOT mean that a data item submitted for storage in a register has a value out-
side the expectation of the application program, since the Modbus protocol is unaware of the sig-
nificance of any value of any register.

4 Follower de- An unrecoverable error occurred while the server (or follower) was attempting to perform the re-
vice failure quested action.

9.9 How to Access Parameters

9.9.1 Parameter Handling
The PNU (parameter number) is translated from the register address contained in the Modbus read or write message. The parameter
number is translated to Modbus as (10 x parameter number) decimal. Example: Reading parameter 3-12 Catch up/slow Down Value (16
bit): The holding register 3120 holds the values of the parameters. A value of 1352 (decimal) means that the parameter is set to 12.52%.

Reading parameter 3-14 Preset Relative Reference (32 bit): The holding registers 3410 and 3411 hold the parameters’ values. A value of
11300 (decimal) means that the parameter is set to 1113.00.

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For information on the parameters, size, and conversion index, see the programming guide.

9.9.2 Storage of Data

The coil 65 decimal determines whether data written to the drive is stored in EEPROM and RAM (coil 65 = 1), or only in RAM (coil 65 = 0).

9.9.3 IND (Index)

Some parameters in the drive are array parameters, for example parameter 3-10 Preset Reference. Since the Modbus does not support
arrays in the holding registers, the drive has reserved the holding register 9 as pointer to the array. Before reading or writing an array
parameter, set the holding register 9. Setting holding register to the value of 2 causes all following read/ write to array parameters to be
to the index 2.

9.9.4 Text Blocks

Parameters stored as text strings are accessed in the same way as the other parameters. The maximum text block size is 20 characters.
If a read request for a parameter is for more characters than the parameter stores, the response is truncated. If the read request for a
parameter is for fewer characters than the parameter stores, the response is space filled.

9.9.5 Conversion Factor

A parameter value can only be transferred as a whole number. To transfer decimals, use a conversion factor.

9.9.6 Parameter Values

Standard data types

Standard data types are int 16, int 32, uint 8, uint 16, and uint 32. They are stored as 4x registers (40001–4FFFF). The parameters are read
using function 03 hex read holding registers. Parameters are written using the function 6 hex preset single register for 1 register (16 bits),
and the function 10 hex preset multiple registers for 2 registers (32 bits). Readable sizes range from 1 register (16 bits) up to 10 registers
(20 characters).

Non-standard data types

Non-standard data types are text strings and are stored as 4x registers (40001–4FFFF). The parameters are read using function 03 hex
read holding registers and written using function 10 hex preset multiple registers. Readable sizes range from 1 register (2 characters) up
to 10 registers (20 characters).

9.10 Examples
9.10.1 Overview of the Examples
The examples in the following chapters show various Modbus RTU commands.

9.10.2 Read Coil Status (01 hex)

Description

This function reads the ON/OFF status of discrete outputs (coils) in the drive. Broadcast is never supported for reads.

Query

The query telegram specifies the starting coil and quantity of coils to be read. Coil addresses start at 0, that is, coil 33 is addressed as 32.

Example of a request to read coils 33–48 (status word) from follower device 01.

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Table 50: Query

Field name Example (hex)

Follower address 01 (drive address)

Function 01 (read coils)

Starting address HI 00

Starting address LO 20 (32 decimals) coil 33

Number of points HI 00

Number of points LO 10 (16 decimals)

Error check (CRC) –

Response

The coil status in the response telegram is packed as 1 coil per bit of the data field. Status is indicated as: 1 = ON; 0 = OFF. The lsb of the
1st data byte contains the coil addressed in the query. The other coils follow toward the high-order end of this byte, and from low order
to high order in subsequent bytes.

If the returned coil quantity is not a multiple of 8, the remaining bits in the final data byte are padded with values 0 (toward the high-
order end of the byte). The byte count field specifies the number of complete bytes of data.

Table 51: Response

Field name Example (hex)

Follower address 01 (drive address)

Function 01 (read coils)

Byte count 02 (2 bytes of data)

Data (coils 40–33) 07

Data (coils 48–41) 06 (STW = 0607hex)

Error check (CRC) –

NOTICE
Coils and registers are addressed explicitly with an offset of -1 in Modbus. For example, coil 33 is addressed as coil 32.

9.10.3 Force/Write Single Coil (05 hex)

Description

This function forces the coil to either ON or OFF. When broadcast, the function forces the same coil references in all attached followers.

Query

The query telegram specifies the coil 65 (parameter write control) to be forced. Coil addresses start at 0, that is, coil 65 is addressed as 64.
Force data = 00 00 hex (OFF) or FF 00 hex (ON).

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Table 52: Query

Field name Example (hex)

Follower address 01 (drive address)

Function 05 (write single coil)

Coil address HI 00

Coil address LO 40 (64 decimal) Coil 65

Force data HI FF

Force data LO 00 (FF 00 = ON)

Error check (CRC) –

Response

The normal response is an echo of the query, returned after the coil state has been forced.

Table 53: Response

Field name Example (hex)

Follower address 01

Function 05

Force data HI FF

Force data LO 00

Quantity of coils HI 00

Quantity of coils LO 01

Error check (CRC) –

9.10.4 Force/Write Multiple Coils (0F hex)

Description

This function forces each coil in a sequence of coils to either on or off. When broadcasting, the function forces the same coil references in
all attached followers.

Query

The query telegram specifies the coils 17–32 (speed setpoint) to be forced.

NOTICE
Coil addresses start at 0, that is, coil 17 is addressed as 16.

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Table 54: Query

Field name Example (hex)

Follower address 01 (drive address)

Function 0F (write multiple coils)

Coil address HI 00

Coil address LO 10 (coil address 17)

Quantity of coils HI 00

Quantity of coils LO 10 (16 coils)

Byte count 02

Force data HI 20
(Coils 8–1)

Force data LO 00 (reference = 2000 hex)

(Coils 16–9)

Error check (CRC) –

Response

The normal response returns the follower address, function code, starting address, and quantity of coils forced.

Table 55: Response

Field name Example (hex)

Follower address 01 (drive address)

Function 0F (write multiple coils)

Coil address HI 00

Coil address LO 10 (coil address 17)

Quantity of coils HI 00

Quantity of coils LO 10 (16 coils)

Error check (CRC) –

9.10.5 Read Holding Registers (03 hex)

Description

This function reads the contents of holding registers in the follower.

Query

The query telegram specifies the starting register and quantity of registers to be read. Register addresses start at 0, that is, registers 1–4
are addressed as 0–3.

Example: Read parameter 3-03 Maximum Reference, register 03030.

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Table 56: Query

Field name Example (hex)

Follower address 01

Function 03 (Read holding registers)

Starting address HI 0B (Register address 3029)

Starting address LO D5 (Register address 3029)

Number of points HI 00

Number of points LO 02 – (parameter 3-03 Maximum Reference is 32 bits long, that is,
2 registers)

Error check (CRC) –

Response

The register data in the response telegram is packed as 2 bytes per register, with the binary contents right justified within each byte. For
each register, the 1st byte contains the high-order bits, and the 2nd contains the low-order bits.

Example: hex 000088B8 = 35.000 = 35 Hz.

Table 57: Response

Field name Example (hex)

Follower address 01

Function 03

Byte count 04

Data HI (register 3030) 00

Data LO (register 3030) 16

Data HI (register 3031) E3

Data LO (register 3031) 60

Error check (CRC) –

9.10.6 Preset Single Register (06 hex)

Description

This function presets a value into a single holding register.

Query

The query telegram specifies the register reference to be preset. Register addresses start at 0, that is, register 1 is addressed as 0.

Example: Write to parameter 1-00 Configuration Mode, register 1000.

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Table 58: Query

Field name Example (hex)

Follower address 01

Function 06

Register address HI 03 (register address 999)

Register address LO E7 (register address 999)

Preset data HI 00

Preset data LO 01

Error check (CRC) –

Response

The normal response is an echo of the query, returned after the register contents have been passed.

Table 59: Response

Field name Example (hex)

Follower address 01

Function 06

Register address HI 03

Register address LO E7

Preset data HI 00

Preset data LO 01

Error check (CRC) –

9.10.7 Preset Multiple Registers (10 hex)

Description

This function presets values into a sequence of holding registers.

Query

The query telegram specifies the register references to be preset. Register addresses start at 0, that is, register 1 is addressed as 0.
Example of a request to preset 2 registers (set parameter 1-24 Motor Current to 738 (7.38 A)):

Table 60: Query

Field name Example (hex)

Follower address 01

Function 10

Starting address HI 04

Starting address LO 07

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Table 60: Query (continued)

Field name Example (hex)

Number of registers HI 00

Number of registers LO 02

Byte count 04

Write data HI (Register 4: 1049) 00

Write data LO (Register 4: 1049) 00

Write data HI (Register 4: 1050) 02

Write data LO (Register 4: 1050) E2

Error check (CRC) –

Response

The normal response returns the follower address, function code, starting address, and quantity of registers preset.

Table 61: Response

Field name Example (hex)

Follower address 01

Function 10

Starting address HI 04

Starting address LO 19

Number of registers HI 00

Number of registers LO 02

Error check (CRC) –

9.11 Danfoss FC Control Profile

9.11.1 Control Word According to FC Profile (8-10 Protocol = FC Profile)
e30ba274.11

Master-follower

CTW Speed ref.

Bit
no.: 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Figure 61: Control Word According to FC Profile

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Table 62: Control Word According to FC Profile

Bit Bit value=0 Bit value=1

00 Reference value External selection lsb

01 Reference value External selection msb

02 DC brake Ramp

03 Coasting No coasting

04 Quick stop Ramp

05 Hold output frequency Use ramp

06 Ramp stop Start

07 No function Reset

08 No function Jog

09 Ramp 1 Ramp 2

10 Data invalid Data valid

11 Relay 01 open Relay 01 active

12 Relay 02 open Relay 02 active

13 Parameter setup Selection lsb

15 No function Reverse

Explanation of the control bits

Bits 00/01

Bits 00 and 01 are used to select among the 4 reference values, which are preprogrammed in parameter 3-10 Preset Reference according
to the following table.

Table 63: Control Bits

Programmed reference value Parameter Bit 01 Bit 00

1 Parameter 3-10 Preset Reference [0] 0 0

2 Parameter 3-10 Preset Reference [1] 0 1

3 Parameter 3-10 Preset Reference [2] 1 0

4 Parameter 3-10 Preset Reference [3] 1 1

NOTICE
In parameter 8-56 Preset Reference Select, define how bit 00/01 gates with the corresponding function on the digital inputs.

Bit 02, DC brake

Bit 02 = 0: Leads to DC brake and stop. Set braking current and duration in parameter 2-01 DC Brake Current and parameter 2-02 DC
Braking Time.

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Bit 02 = 1: Leads to ramping.

Bit 03, Coasting

Bit 03 = 0: The drive immediately releases the motor (the output transistors are shut off ), and it coasts to a standstill.

Bit 03 = 1: If the other starting conditions are met, the drive starts the motor.

In parameter 8-50 Coasting Select, define how bit 03 gates with the corresponding function on a digital input.

Bit 04, Quick stop

Bit 04 = 0: Makes the motor speed ramp down to stop (set in parameter 3-81 Quick Stop Ramp Time).

Bit 05, Hold output frequency

Bit 05 = 0: The present output frequency (in Hz) freezes. Change the frozen output frequency only with the digital inputs programmed to
[21] Speed up and [22] Speed down (parameter 5-10 Terminal 18 Digital Input to parameter 5-13 Terminal 29 Digital Input).

NOTICE
If freeze output is active, the drive can only be stopped in 1 of the following ways:
l Bit 03 coast stop.
l Bit 02 DC brake
l Digital input programmed to [5] DC brake inverse, [2] Coast inverse, or [3] Coast and reset inv (parameter 5-10 Terminal 18
Digital Input to parameter 5-13 Terminal 29 Digital Input).

Bit 06, Ramp stop/start

Bit 06 = 0: Causes a stop and makes the motor speed ramp down to stop via the selected ramp-down parameter.

Bit 06 = 1: If the other starting conditions are met, bit 06 allows the drive to start the motor.

In parameter 8-53 Start Select, define how bit 06 ramp stop/start gates with the corresponding function on a digital input.

Bit 07, Reset

Bit 07 = 0: No reset.

Bit 07 = 1: Resets a trip. Reset is activated on the leading signal edge, that is, when changing from logic 0 to logic 1.

Bit 08, Jog

Bit 08 = 1: Parameter 3-11 Jog Speed [Hz] determines the output frequency.

Bit 09, Selection of ramp 1/2

Bit 09 = 0: Ramp 1 is active (parameter 3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp Up Time to parameter 3-42 Ramp 1 Ramp Down Time).

Bit 09 = 1: Ramp 2 is active (parameter 3-51 Ramp 2 Ramp Up Time to parameter 3-52 Ramp 2 Ramp Down Time).

Bit 10, Data not valid/Data valid

Tell the drive whether to use or ignore the control word.

Bit 10 = 0: The control word is ignored.

Bit 10 = 1: The control word is used. This function is relevant because the telegram always contains the control word, regardless of the
telegram type. If the control word is not needed when updating or reading parameter, turn it off.

Bit 11, Relay 01

Bit 11 = 0: Relay not activated.

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Bit 11 = 1: Relay 01 activated if [36] Control word bit 11 is selected in parameter 5-40 Function Relay.

Bit 12, Relay 02

Bit 12 = 0: Relay 02 is not activated.

Bit 12 = 1: Relay 02 is activated if [37] Control word bit 12 is selected in parameter 5-40 Function Relay.

Bit 13, Set-up selection

Use bit 13 to select from the 2 menu setups according to the following table.

Table 64: Menu Setups

Setup Bit 13

1 0

2 1

The function is only possible when [9] Multi set-ups is selected in parameter 0-10 Active Set-up.

To define how bit 13 gates with the corresponding function on the digital inputs, use parameter 8-55 Set-up Select.

Bit 15 Reverse

Bit 15 = 0: No reversing.

Bit 15 = 1: Reversing. In the default setting, reversing is set to digital in parameter 8-54 Reversing Select. Bit 15 causes reversing only
when serial communication [2] Logic OR or [3] Logic AND is selected.

9.11.2 Status Word According to FC Profile (STW)

Set parameter 8-30 Protocol to [0] FC.
e30ba273.11

Follower-master

STW Output freq.

Bit
no.: 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Figure 62: Status Word

Table 65: Status Word According to FC Profile

Bit Bit value=0 Bit value=1

00 Control not ready Control ready

01 Drive not ready Drive ready

02 Coasting Enable

03 No error Trip

04 No error Error (no trip)

05 Reserved –

06 No error Trip lock

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Table 65: Status Word According to FC Profile (continued)

Bit Bit value=0 Bit value=1

07 No warning Warning

08 Speed≠reference Speed=reference

09 Local operation Bus control

10 Out of frequency limit Frequency limit OK

11 No operation In operation

12 Drive OK Stopped, auto start

13 Voltage OK Voltage exceeded

14 Torque OK Torque exceeded

15 Timer OK Timer exceeded

Explanation of the status bits

Bit 00, Control not ready/ready

Bit 00=0: The drive trips.

Bit 00=1: The drive controls are ready but the power component does not necessarily receive any supply (if there is 24 V external supply
to controls).

Bit 01, Drive ready

Bit 01=0: The drive is not ready.

Bit 01=1: The drive is ready for operation, but the coasting command is active via the digital inputs or via serial communication.

Bit 02, Coast stop

Bit 02=0: The drive releases the motor.

Bit 02=1: The drive starts the motor with a start command.

Bit 03, No error/trip

Bit 03=0: The drive is not in fault mode.

Bit 03=1: The drive trips. To re-establish operation, press [Reset].

Bit 04, No error/error (no trip)

Bit 04=0: The drive is not in fault mode.

Bit 04=1: The drive shows an error but does not trip.

Bit 05, Not used

Bit 05 is not used in the status word.

Bit 06, No error/triplock

Bit 06=0: The drive is not in fault mode.

Bit 06=1: The drive is tripped and locked.

Bit 07, No warning/warning

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Bit 07=0: There are no warnings.

Bit 07=1: A warning has occurred.

Bit 08, Speed reference/speed=reference

Bit 08=0: The motor runs, but the present speed is different from the preset speed reference. It might happen when the speed ramps up/
down during start/stop.

Bit 08=1: The motor speed matches the preset speed reference.

Bit 09, Local operation/bus control

Bit 09=0: [Off/Reset] is activated on the control unit or [2] Local in parameter 3-13 Reference Site is selected. It is not possible to control
the drive via serial communication.

Bit 09=1: It is possible to control the drive via the fieldbus/serial communication.

Bit 10, Out of frequency limit

Bit 10=0: The output frequency has reached the value in parameter 4-12 Motor Speed Low Limit [Hz] or parameter 4-14 Motor Speed
High Limit [Hz].

Bit 10=1: The output frequency is within the defined limits.

Bit 11, No operation/in operation

Bit 11=0: The motor is not running.

Bit 11=1: The drive has a start signal without coast.

Bit 12, Drive OK/stopped, auto start

Bit 12=0: There is no temporary overtemperature on the drive.

Bit 12=1: The drive stops because of overtemperature, but the unit does not trip and resumes operation once the overtemperature
normalizes.

Bit 13, Voltage OK/limit exceeded

Bit 13=0: There are no voltage warnings.

Bit 13=1: The DC voltage in the drive’s DC link is too low or too high.

Bit 14, Torque OK/limit exceeded

Bit 14=0: The motor current is lower than the current limit selected in parameter 4-18 Current Limit.

Bit 14=1: The current limit in parameter 4-18 Current Limit is exceeded.

Bit 15, Timer OK/limit exceeded

Bit 15=0: The timers for motor thermal protection and thermal protection are not exceeded 100%.

Bit 15=1: 1 of the timers exceeds 100%.

9.11.3 Bus Speed Reference Value

Speed reference value is transmitted to the drive in a relative value in %. The value is transmitted in the form of a 16-bit word. The integer
value 16384 (4000 hex) corresponds to 100%. Negative figures are formatted using 2’s complement. The actual output frequency (MAV)
is scaled in the same way as the bus reference.

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e30ba276.11
Master-follower
16 bit

CTW Speed reference

Follower-follower

STW Actual output frequency

Figure 63: Actual Output Frequency (MAV)

The reference and MAV are scaled as follows:

Figure 64: Reference and MAV

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10 Application Examples
10.1 Introduction
The examples in this section are intended as a quick reference for common applications.

l Parameter settings are the regional default values unless otherwise indicated (selected in parameter 0-03 Regional Settings).
l Parameters associated with the terminals and their settings are shown next to the drawings.
l Required switch settings for analog terminals 53 or 54 are also shown.

10.2 AMA
Table 66: AMA with T27 Connected

Parameter function Parameter setting

e30bf817.10

Parameter 1-29 Automatic Motor [1] Enable complete AMA

FC Adaptation (AMA)
+ 24 V 12
Parameter 5-12 Terminal 27 Digital Input *[2] Coast inverse
D IN 18
D IN 19 *=Default value
D IN 27
Notes/comments: Set parameter group 1-2* Motor Data according to motor
D IN 29
specifications.
D IN 31
D IN 32
NOTICE
D IN 33
If terminals 12 and 27 are not connected, set parameter 5-12 Terminal 27 Digital
Input to [0] No operation.

+ 10V 50
A IN 53
A IN 54
COM 55
A OUT 42

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10.3 Speed
Table 67: Analog Speed Reference (Voltage)

Parameter function Parameter setting

e30bf818.10
Parameter 6-10 Terminal 53 Low Voltage *0.07 V
FC
Parameter 6-11 Terminal 53 High Voltage *10 V
+ 24 V 12
18 Parameter 6-14 Terminal 53 Low Ref./ *0
D IN
19 Feedb. Value
D IN
D IN 27 Parameter 6-15 Terminal 53 High Ref./ 50 Hz
D IN 29 Feedb. Value
D IN 31
Parameter 6-19 Terminal 53 mode *[1] Voltage
D IN 32
D IN 33 *=Default value

Notes/comments:

+ 10V 50
+
A IN 53
A IN 54
COM 55
-
A OUT 42
0 ~ 10 V

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Table 68: Analog Speed Reference (Current)

Parameter function Parameter setting

e30bf819.10
Parameter 6-22 Terminal 54 Low Current *4 mA
FC
Parameter 6-23 Terminal 54 High Current *20 mA
+ 24 V 12
D IN 18 Parameter 6-24 Terminal 54 Low Ref./ *0
D IN 19 Feedb. Value
D IN 27 Parameter 6-25 Terminal 54 High Ref./ 50 Hz
D IN 29 Feedb. Value
D IN 31
Parameter 6-29 Terminal 54 mode [0] Current
D IN 32
D IN 33 *=Default value

Notes/comments:

+ 10V 50
+
A IN 53
A IN 54
COM 55
-
A OUT 42
4 - 20mA

Table 69: Speed Reference (Using a Manual Potentiometer)

Parameter function Parameter setting

e30bf820.10

Parameter 6-10 Terminal 53 Low Voltage *0.07 V

FC
Parameter 6-11 Terminal 53 High Voltage *10 V
+ 24 V 12
D IN 18 Parameter 6-14 Terminal 53 Low Ref./ *0
D IN 19 Feedb. Value
D IN 27
Parameter 6-15 Terminal 53 High Ref./ 50 Hz
D IN 29
Feedb. Value
D IN 31
D IN 32 Parameter 6-19 Terminal 53 mode *[1] Voltage
D IN 33
*=Default value

Notes/comments:

+ 10V 50
A IN 53 ≈ 5kΩ
A IN 54
COM 55
A OUT 42

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Table 70: Speed Up/Speed Down

Parameter function Parameter setting

e30bf821.10
Parameter 5-10 Terminal 18 Digital Input *[8] Start
FC
+ 24 V 12 Parameter 5-12 Terminal 27 Digital Input [19] Freeze Reference

D IN 18 Parameter 5-13 Terminal 29 Digital Input [21] Speed Up

D IN 19
Parameter 5-14 Terminal 32 Digital Input [21] Speed Down
D IN 27
D IN 29 *=Default value
D IN 31
Notes/comments:
D IN 32
D IN 33

+ 10V 50
A IN 53
A IN 54
COM 55
A OUT 42

e30bb840.12
Speed
Reference

Start (18)

Freeze ref (27)

Speed up (29)

Speed down (32)

Figure 65: Speed Up/Speed Down

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10.4 Start/Stop
Table 71: Start/Stop with Reversing and 4 Preset Speeds

Parameter function Parameter setting

FC e30bf822.10 Parameter 5-10 Terminal 18 Digital Input *[8] Start

+ 24 V 12 Parameter 5-11 Terminal 19 Digital Input *[10] Reversing

D IN 18
Parameter 5-12 Terminal 27 Digital Input [0] No operation
D IN 19
D IN 27 Parameter 5-14 Terminal 32 Digital Input [16] Preset ref bit 0
D IN 29 Parameter 5-15 Terminal 33 Digital Input [17] Preset ref bit 1
D IN 31
Parameter 3-10 Preset Reference
D IN 32
Preset ref. 0 25%
D IN 33
Preset ref. 1 50%
Preset ref. 2 75%
Preset ref. 3 100%
+ 10V 50
A IN 53 *=Default value
A IN 54
Notes/comments:
COM 55
A OUT 42

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10.5 External Alarm Reset

Table 72: External Alarm Reset

Parameter function Parameter setting

e30bf823.10
Parameter 5-11 Terminal 19 Digital Input [1] Reset
FC
+ 24 V 12 *=Default value
D IN 18 Notes/comments:
D IN 19
D IN 27
D IN 29
D IN 31
D IN 32
D IN 33

+ 10V 50
A IN 53
A IN 54
COM 55
A OUT 42

10.6 Motor Thermistor

NOTICE
To meet PELV insulation requirements, use reinforced or double insulation on the thermistors.

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Table 73: Motor Thermistor

Parameter function Parameter setting

e30bf824.10
Parameter 1-90 Motor Thermal Protection [2] Thermistor trip
FC
Parameter 1-93 Motor Thermal Source [1] Analog input 53
+ 24 V 12
D IN 18 Parameter 6-19 Terminal 53 mode *[1] Voltage
D IN 19
*=Default value
D IN 27
D IN 29 Notes/comments: If only a warning is needed, set parameter 1-90 Motor Thermal
D IN 31 Protection to [1] Thermistor warning.
D IN 32
D IN 33

+ 10V 50
A IN 53
A IN 54
COM 55
A OUT 42

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Table 74: Using SLC to Set a Relay

Parameter function Parameter setting

e30bd150.12
Parameter 4-30 Motor Feedback Loss [1] Warning
FC
Function
+ 24 V 12
D IN 18 Parameter 4-31 Motor Feedback Speed 100
D IN 19 Error
D IN 27
Parameter 4-32 Motor Feedback Loss 5s
D IN 29 Timeout
D IN 31
D IN 32 Parameter 7-00 Speed PID Feedback [2] MCB 102

D IN Source
33
Parameter 17-11 Resolution (PPR) *1024

Parameter 13-00 SL Controller Mode [1] On

+ 10V 50 Parameter 13-01 Start Event [19] Warning

A IN 53
Parameter 13-02 Stop Event [44] Reset key
A IN 54
COM 55 Parameter 13-10 Comparator Operand [21] Warning no.
A OUT 42 Parameter 13-11 Comparator Operator *[1]≈

Parameter 13-13 Comparator Value 90

01 Parameter 13-51 SL Controller Event [22] Comparator 0

02
R1

Parameter 13-52 SL Controller Action [32] Set digital out A low

03
Parameter 5-40 Function Relay [80] SL digital output A
04 *=Default value
05
R2

Notes/comments:If the limit in the feedback monitor is exceeded, warning 90 feedback

06
monitor is issued. The SLC monitors warning 90 feedback monitor. If warning 90 feed-
back monitor becomes true, relay 1 is triggered. External equipment could indicate that
service is required. If the feedback error goes below the limit again within 5 s, the drive
continues and the warning disappears. But relay 1 persists until [Off/Reset] is pressed.

10.7 Encoder Connection

The purpose of this guideline is to ease the setup of encoder connection to the drive. Before setting up the encoder, the basic settings for
a closed loop speed control system are shown.

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+ 24 V DC

e30bd366.12
GND
A
B
12 18 19 27 29 32 33 20

Figure 66: 24 V or 10–30 V Encoder

e30ba646.10

1
A

2
A

Figure 67: 24 V Incremental Encoder, Maximum Cable Length 5 m (16.4 ft)

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10.8 Encoder Direction

The order in which the pulses enter the drive determines the direction of the encoder.

l Clockwise direction means that channel A is 90 electrical degrees before channel B.

l Counterclockwise direction means that channel B is 90 electrical degrees before A.

The direction is determined by looking into the shaft end.

10.9 Closed-loop Drive System

A drive system usually consists of more elements such as:

l Motor.
l Brake (gearbox, mechanical brake).
l Drive.
l Encoder as feedback system.
l Brake resistor for dynamic brake.
l Transmission.
l Load.

Applications demanding mechanical brake control usually need a brake resistor.

e30bv186.10

Status Quick Menu Main Menu

Menu
ck
Ba

On OK
Warn.

Alarm

Hand Off Auto

On Reset On

4 5 6 5 7

2 3

Figure 68: Basic Setup for Closed-loop Speed Control

1 Brake resistor 2 Encoder

3 Mechanical brake 4 Motor

5 Transmission 6 Gearbox

7 Load

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11 How to Order a Drive

11.1 Drive Configurator
Configure the correct drive for the proper application by using the internet-based Drive Configurator. The Drive Configurator is found
on the global internet site: Low Voltage Drives | Danfoss Global Product Store. The configurator creates a type code string and an 8-digit
sales number, which can be delivered to the local sales office. It is also possible to build a project list with several products and send it to
a Danfoss sales representative.

e30bv168.10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
F C - 3 6 0 T 4 E 2 0 H 2 X X C X X X S X X X X A B X

Figure 69: Type Code String

An example of a type code string is:

FC-360Q110T4E20H2XXCXXXSXXXXA0BX

The meaning of the characters in the string is defined in this chapter. In the example above, a drive is configured with the following
options:

l RFI filter, Class A2.

l 3C3.
l PROFIBUS DP-V1.

Drives are delivered automatically with English, Chinese, and Portuguese.

11.2 Ordering VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360 Enclosure Size J8–J9

Table 75: Ordering Type Code for Enclosures J8–J9

Description Pos Possible choice

Product group 1–6 FC-360

Model 7–10 • Q110: 110 kW (150 hp)

• Q132: 132 kW (200 hp)
• Q160: 160 kW (250 hp)
• Q200: 200 kW (300 hp)
• Q250: 250 kW (350 hp)
• Q315: 315 kW (450 hp)
• H90K: 90 kW (125 hp)
• H110: 110 kW (150 hp)
• H132: 132 kW (200 hp)
• H160: 160 kW (250 hp)
• H200: 200 kW (300 hp)
• H250: 250 kW (350 hp)

Mains voltage 11–12 T4: 380–480 V AC

Enclosure 13–15 E20: IP20

RFI filter 16–17 H2: RFI filter, class A2

Brake 18 X: No brake IGBT

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Table 75: Ordering Type Code for Enclosures J8–J9 (continued)

Description Pos Possible choice

Display 19 X: No Local Control Panel

PCB coating 20 C: 3C3

Mains option 21 X: No mains option

Adaptation 22 X: Standard cable entries

Adaptation 23 X: No adaptation

Software release 24–27 SXXX: Standard software

Software language 28 X: Standard language pack

A options 29–30 • AX: No A option

• A0: VLT® PROFIBUS DP MCA 101
• AL: VLT® PROFINET MCA 120

B options 31–32 BX: No option

11.3 Ordering Accessories and Spare Parts

Table 76: Code Numbers for Accessories

Description Code number

VLT® PROFIBUS DP MCA 101 134B6778

VLT® PROFINET MCA 120 134B6779

VLT® encoder input MCB 102 132B0282

VLT® resolver input MCB 103 132B0283

VLT® 24 V DC supply MCB 107 130B1208

VLT® Sensor Input Option MCB 114 130B1272

VLT® graphical control panel LCP 23 132B0801

VLT® numeric control panel LCP 21 132B0254

Remote mounting kit for LCP with cable, 3 m 132B0102

LCP remote mounting cable, 3 m 132B0132

Table 77: Code Numbers for Spare Parts

Description Code number

Control card for FC 360 J8-J9 132G0279

For more spare parts, contact Danfoss.

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11.4 Ordering Filters and Brake Resistors

Refer to the following design guides for dimensioning specifications and ordering numbers for filters and brake resistors:

l VLT® Brake Resistor MCE 101 Design Guide.

l VLT® Advanced Harmonic Filters AHF 005/AHF 010 Design Guide.
l Output Filters Design Guide.

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12 Appendix
12.1 Abbreviations and Symbols
Table 78: Abbreviations and Symbols

60° AVM 60° asynchronous vector modulation

A Ampere/AMP

AC Alternating current

ACP Application control processor

AD Air discharge

AEO Automatic energy optimization

AI Analog input

AIC Ampere interrupting current

AMA Automatic motor adaptation

AWG American wire gauge

°C Degrees Celsius

CB Circuit breaker

CD Constant discharge

CDM Complete Drive Module: The drive, feeding section, and auxiliaries.

CE European conformity (European safety standards)

CM Common-mode

CT Constant torque

DC Direct current

DI Digital input

DM Differential mode

D-TYPE Drive dependent

EEPROM Electrically erasable programmable read-only memory

EMC Electromagnetic compatibility

EMF Electromotive force

EMI Electromagnetic interference

ESD Electrostatic discharge

ETR Electronic thermal relay

°F Degrees Fahrenheit

fJOG Motor frequency when jog function is activated.

fM Motor frequency

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Table 78: Abbreviations and Symbols (continued)

fMAX Maximum output frequency that the drive applies on its output.

fMIN Minimum motor frequency from the drive.

fM, N Nominal motor frequency

FC Frequency converter (drive)

FSP Fixed-speed pump

g Gram

HO High overload

Hp Horse power

Hz Hertz

IINV Rated inverter output current

ILIM Current limit

IM, N Nominal motor current

IVLT, MAX Maximum output current

IVLT, N Rated output current supplied by the drive

IGBT Insulated-gate bipolar transistor

IP Ingress protection

kHz Kilohertz

LCP Local control panel

LED Light-emitting diode

Ld Motor d-axis inductance

Lq Motor q-axis inductance

Lsb Least significant bit

m Meter

mA Milliampere

MCM Mille circular mil

MCP Motor control processor

MCT Motion control tool

mH Inductance in milli Henry

min Minute

mm Millimeter

ms Millisecond

Msb Most significant bit

ηVLT Efficiency of the drive defined as ratio between power output and power input.

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Table 78: Abbreviations and Symbols (continued)

NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Association

nF Capacitance in nano Farad

NLCP Numerical local control panel

Nm Newton meter

NO Normal overload

ns Synchronous motor speed

On/Offline parameters Changes to online parameters are activated immediately after the data value is changed

Pbr, cont. Rated power of the brake resistor (average power during continuous braking)

PCB Printed circuit board

PCD Process data

PDS Power drive system: CDM and a motor

PE Protective earth

PELV Protective extra low voltage

Pm Drive nominal output power as high overload

PM, N Nominal motor power

PM motor Permanent magnet motor

Process PID Proportional integrated differential regulator that maintains the speed, pressure, temperature, and
so on.

PWM Pulse width modulation

Rbr, nom Nominal resistor value that ensures a brake power on the motor shaft of 150/160% for 1 minute.

RCD Residual current device

Regen Regenerative terminals

RFI Radio frequency interference

Rmin Minimum allowed brake resistor value by the drive

RMS Root average square

RPM Revolutions per minute

Rrec Recommended brake resistor resistance of Danfoss brake resistors

Rs Stator resistance

s Second

SCR Silicon controlled rectifier

SCCR Short-circuit current rating

SFAVM Stator flux-oriented asynchronous vector modulation

STW Status word

SMPS Switch mode power supply

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Table 78: Abbreviations and Symbols (continued)

THD Total harmonic distortion

TLIM Torque limit

TTL TTL encoder (5 V) pulses - transistor logic

UM, N Nominal motor voltage

UL Underwriters Laboratories (US organization for the safety certification)

V Volts

VSP Variable-speed pump

VT Variable torque

VVC+ Voltage vector control plus

Xh Motor main reactance

12.2 Definitions
12.2.1 AC Drive
Coast

The motor shaft is in free mode. No torque on the motor.

IVLT, MAX

Maximum output current.

IVLT, N

Rated output current supplied by the drive.

UVLT, MAX

Maximum output voltage.

12.2.2 Input
Control commands

Start and stop the connected motor with the LCP and digital inputs.

Functions are divided into 2 groups. Functions in group 1 have higher priority than functions in group 2.

Table 79: Function Groups

Group 1 Coast stop, reset and coast stop, quick stop, DC braking, stop, and [OFF].

Group 2 Start, latched start, start reversing, jog, freeze output, and [Hand On].

12.2.3 Motor
Motor running

Torque generated on the output shaft and speed from 0 RPM to maximum speed on the motor.

fJOG

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Motor frequency when the jog function is activated (via digital terminals or bus).

fM

Motor frequency.

fMAX

Maximum motor frequency.

fMIN

Minimum motor frequency.

fM, N

Rated motor frequency (nameplate data).

IM

Motor current (actual).

IM, N

Nominal motor current (nameplate data).

nM, N

Nominal motor speed (nameplate data).

ns

Synchronous motor speed.

nslip

Motor slip.

PM, N

Rated motor power (nameplate data in kW or hp).

TM, N

Rated torque (motor).

UM

Instantaneous motor voltage.

UM, N

Rated motor voltage (nameplate data).

Break-away torque

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e75za078.10
Torque

Pull-out

RPM

Figure 70: Break-away Torque

ηVLT

The efficiency of the drive is defined as the ratio between the power output and the power input.

Start-disable command

A start-disable command belonging to the control commands in group 1. See the table in the chapter Input for more details.

Stop command

A stop command belonging to the control commands in group 1. See the table in the chapter Input for more details.

12.2.4 References
Analog reference

A signal transmitted to the analog inputs 53 or 54 can be voltage or current.

Binary reference

A signal transmitted via the serial communication port.

Preset reference

A defined preset reference to be set from -100% to +100% of the reference range. Selection of 8 preset references via the digital
terminals. Selection of 4 preset references via the bus.

Pulse reference

A pulse frequency signal transmitted to the digital inputs (terminal 29 or 33).

RefMAX

Determines the relationship between the reference input at 100% full-scale value (typically 10 V, 20 mA) and the resulting reference. The
maximum reference value is set in parameter 3-03 Maximum Reference.

RefMIN

Determines the relationship between the reference input at 0% value (typically 0 V, 0 mA, 4 mA) and the resulting reference. The
minimum reference value is set in parameter 3-02 Minimum Reference.

12.2.5 Miscellaneous
Analog inputs

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The analog inputs are used for controlling various functions of the drive.

There are 2 types of analog inputs:

l Current input: 0–20 mA and 4–20 mA.

l Voltage input: 0–10 V DC.

Analog outputs

The analog outputs can supply a signal of 0–20 mA or 4–20 mA.

Automatic motor adaptation, AMA

The AMA algorithm determines the electrical parameters for the connected motor at standstill.

Brake resistor

The brake resistor is a module capable of absorbing the brake power generated in regenerative braking. This regenerative brake power
increases the DC-link voltage and a brake chopper ensures that the power is transmitted to the brake resistor.

CT characteristics

Constant torque characteristics used for all applications such as conveyor belts, displacement pumps, and cranes.

Digital inputs

The digital inputs can be used for controlling various functions of the drive.

Digital outputs

The drive features 2 solid-state outputs that can supply a 24 V DC (maximum 40 mA) signal.

ETR

Electronic thermal relay is a thermal load calculation based on present load and time. Its purpose is to estimate the motor temperature.

FC standard bus

Includes RS485 bus with FC protocol or MC protocol. See parameter 8-30 Protocol.

Initializing

If initializing is carried out (parameter 14-22 Operation Mode), the drive returns to the default setting.

Intermittent duty cycle

An intermittent duty rating refers to a sequence of duty cycles. Each cycle consists of an on-load and an off-load period. The operation
can be either periodic duty or non-periodic duty.

LCP

The local control panel makes up a complete interface for control and programming of the drive. The LCP is detachable. With the
installation kit option, the LCP can be installed up to 3 m (9.8 ft) from the drive in a front panel.

GLCP

The graphic local control panel interface for control and programming of the drive. The display is graphic and the panel is used to show
process values. The GLCP has storing and copy functions.

NLCP

The numerical local control panel interface for control and programming of the drive. The display is numerical and the panel is used to
show process values. The NLCP has storing and copy functions.

lsb

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Least significant bit.

msb

Most significant bit.

MCM

Short for mille circular mil, an American measuring unit for cable cross-section. 1 MCM = 0.5067 mm2.

On-line/off-line parameters

Changes to on-line parameters are activated immediately after the data value is changed. To activate changes to offline parameters,
press [OK].

Process PID

The PID control maintains speed, pressure, and temperature by adjusting the output frequency to match the varying load.

PCD

Process control data.

Power cycle

Switch off the mains until the display (LCP) is dark, then turn power on again.

Power factor

The power factor is the relation between I1 and IRMS.

For this drive, , therefore:

The power factor indicates to which extent the drive imposes a load on the mains supply.

The lower the power factor, the higher the IRMS for the same kW performance.

In addition, a high power factor indicates that the different harmonic currents are low.

The built-in DC coils produce a high power factor, minimizing the imposed load on the mains supply.

Pulse input/incremental encoder

An external, digital pulse transmitter used for feeding back information on motor speed. The encoder is used in applications where great
accuracy in speed control is required.

RCD

Residual current device.

Setup

Save parameter settings in 2 setups. Change between the 2 parameter setups and edit 1 setup while the other setup is active.

SFAVM

Acronym describing the switching pattern stator flux-oriented asynchronous vector modulation.

Slip compensation

The drive compensates for the motor slip by giving the frequency a supplement that follows the measured motor load, keeping the
motor speed almost constant.

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Smart logic control (SLC)

The SLC is a sequence of user-defined actions executed when the associated user-defined events are evaluated as true by the SLC.
(Parameter group 13-** Smart Logic).

STW

Status word.

THD

Total harmonic distortion states the total contribution of harmonic distortion.

Thermistor

A temperature-dependent resistor placed where the temperature is to be monitored (drive or motor).

Trip

A state entered in fault situations, for example if the drive is subject to overvoltage or when it is protecting the motor, process, or
mechanism. Restart is prevented until the cause of the fault has disappeared, and the trip state is canceled by activating reset or,
sometimes, by being programmed to reset automatically. Do not use trip for personal safety.

Trip lock

Trip lock is a state entered in fault situations when the drive is protecting itself and requiring physical intervention. An example causing a
trip lock is the drive being subject to a short circuit on the output. A locked trip can only be canceled by cutting off mains, removing the
cause of the fault, and reconnecting the drive. Restart is prevented until the trip state is canceled by activating reset or, sometimes, by
being programmed to reset automatically. Do not use trip lock for personal safety.

VT characteristics

Variable torque characteristics for pumps and fans.

VVC+

If compared with standard voltage/frequency ratio control, Voltage Vector Control (VVC+) improves the dynamics and stability, both
when the speed reference is changed and in relation to the load torque.

60° AVM

Refers to the switching pattern 60° asynchronous vector modulation.

12.3 Conventions
l Numbered lists indicate procedures and description of illustrations.
l Bullet lists indicate other information.
l Italicized text indicates:
¢ Cross-reference.
¢ Link.
¢ Parameter name.
¢ Parameter group name.
¢ Parameter option.
¢ Footnote.
l All dimensions in drawings are in [mm] (in).
l An asterisk (*) indicates a default setting of a parameter.

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Danfoss A/S
Ulsnaes 1
DK-6300 Graasten
[Link]

Any information, including, but not limited to information on selection of product, its application or use, product design, weight, dimensions, capacity or any other technical
data in product manuals, catalog descriptions, advertisements, etc. and whether made available in writing, orally, electronically, online or via download, shall be considered
informative, and is only binding if and to the extent, explicit reference is made in a quotation or order confirmation. Danfoss cannot accept any responsibility for possible
errors in catalogs, brochures, videos and other material. Danfoss reserves the right to alter its products without notice. This also applies to products ordered but not delivered
provided that such alterations can be made without changes to form, fit or function of the product. All trademarks in this material are property of Danfoss A/S or Danfoss
group companies. Danfoss and the Danfoss logo are trademarks of Danfoss A/S. All rights reserved.

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