Aim : To analyse the cation and anion from given salt
BaCl2
Experiment Observation inference
Colour White Crystalline Cu2+, Ni2+, Mn2+,
salt Co2+ and Fe3+
absent
Odour No characteristic NH4+, CH3COO and
smell S2- may be absent
Solubility Soluble in water Absence of heavy
metal carbonates
Absence of Pb2+
Soluble in dilute
HCl
Dry heating test Droplets of water Hydrated salt.
near the mouth of
the test tube
Flame test Apple green flame Ba2+, may be
present
Test for anion
Salt + Dilute No gas evolved CO32-, SO32-, S2- ,
H2SO4 NO2- absent
Salt + pungent smell(HCl), Cl-may be present
concentrated gives dense white
H2SO4 fumes when a glass
rod dipped in
Ammonia is
introduced to the
mouth of the test
tube.
Confirmatory Curdy white Cl- confirmed
precipitate of AgCl
Chloride ( Cl-)
soluble in excess
Salt solution+ ammonium
dilute HNO3+ hydroxide
AgNO3 solution
Chromyl
Reddish brown
chloride Test
vapours of CrO2Cl2
Salt + solid are given out Cl- confirmed
K2Cr2O7 + few
The solution turns
drops of conc.
yellow.
H2SO4 Heat
Yellow precipitate
Pass the
of lead chromate is
vapours
given.
through NaOH
solution and
then add 1 ml
of lead acetate
solution
Cation test
Salt + NaOH No smell of NH4+ absent
solution and Ammonia
heat
O S + Dilute HCl No characteristic Pb2+ absent
precipitate
O S + Dilute HCl No characteristic Cu2+, Hg2+, Cd2- and
and pass H2S precipitate As3+ absent
gas
OS + NH4Cl(s) No characteristic Al3+, Fe 2+ absent
+excess of precipitate
NH4OH
O S + NH4Cl(s)+ No characteristic Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+
NH4OH and precipitate and Zn2+ absent
then pass H2S
O S + NH4Cl(s)+ White precipitate Ba2+ or Sr2+ or Ca2+
NH4OH +conc. indicated
(NH4)2CO3(aq)
Dissolve the
white
precipitate in
minimum
quantity of
acetic acid and
divide the
solution into
three parts.
Part I + K2CrO4 Yellow precipitate Ba2+ confirmed
Make a paste Apple green Ba2+ confirmed
of the white coloured flame
precipitate with
few drops of
concentrated
HCl and
introduce this
into a flame
using a glass
rod
Result : Cation Ba2+
Anion Cl-
Equation Cl- + H2SO4 HSO4 - + HCl
NH3 + HCl NH4Cl
Cl- + AgNO3 NO3 -+ Ag Cl
Silver chloride (White precipitate)
AgCl + 2NH4OH [Ag(NH3 )2 ]Cl + 2H2O
Diammine silver (I) chloride
Confirmatory test
BaCO3 + 2CH3COOH (CH3COO)2 Ba + H2O + CO2
(CH3COO)2Ba + K2CrO4 BaCrO4 + 2CH3COOK
Barium chromate (yellow precipitate )
