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ICS 91.100.15; 91.100.20

SABS
ISBN 0-626-13623-7
1083*
*This standard references other standards
Edition 2.1
2002

SOUTH AFRICAN STANDARD

Specification

Aggregates from natural sources —

SABS 1083

Aggregates for concrete

Consolidated edition incorporating amendment No. 1 : 8 May 2002

Published by
THE SOUTH AFRICAN BUREAU OF STANDARDS Gr 9
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SABS 1083
Ed. 2.1

Amendments incorporated since the publication of SABS 1083:1994

Amdt No. Date Scope
1 2002-05-08 Has been amended to correct a reference in the note to clause 4 and to
update referenced standards.
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ICS 91.100.15; 91.100.20 SABS 1083

Ed. 2.1

SOUTH AFRICAN BUREAU OF STANDARDS

SPECIFICATION

AGGREGATES FROM NATURAL SOURCES —

AGGREGATES FOR CONCRETE

Obtainable from the

South African Bureau of Standards

Private Bag X191
Pretoria
Republic of South Africa
0001

Telephone : (012) 428-7911

Fax : (012) 344-1568
E-mail : sales@[Link]
Website : [Link]

COPYRIGHT RESERVED

Printed in the Republic of South Africa by the

South African Bureau of Standards
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SABS 1083
Ed. 2.1

Notice

This standard was approved in accordance with SABS procedures on 3 October 1994.
Amendment No. 1 was approved in accordance with SABS procedures on 8 May 2002.

NOTES

1 In terms of the Standards Act, 1993 (Act 29 of 1993), no person shall claim or declare that he or any other person
complied with an SABS standard unless

a) such claim or declaration is true and accurate in all material respects, and

b) the identity of the person on whose authority such claim or declaration is made, is clear.

2 It is recommended that authorities who wish to incorporate any part of this standard into any legislation in the manner
intended by section 31 of the Act consult the SABS regarding the implications.

This standard will be revised when necessary in order to keep abreast of progress. Comment will be
welcome and will be considered when the standard is revised.

Foreword

Edition 2.1 cancels and replaces all previous editions.

A vertical line in the margin shows where the text has been modified by amendment No. 1.

Annex A forms an integral part of this standard. Annexes B, C and D are for information only.

Introduction

This standard contains requirements for aggregates derived from sources that yield material of suitable
characteristics and which, after normal processing (if necessary), can be safely used for most concrete
work. However, it does not cover requirements for all the properties of an aggregate. Some of these
properties could be important and, if not established to be satisfactory, could result in the production
of concrete of inferior quality, especially with regard to long-term performance.

Authoritative technical literature should be consulted for guidance on the further investigation of an
aggregate to verify its suitability for use in concrete for any particular application. Such further inves-
tigation could indicate that an aggregate that does not comply with the requirements of this standard
might nevertheless be suitable for use in any type of concrete or in concrete for specific uses only. It
must be emphasized, however, that an aggregate that has been found satisfactory either through past
performance or by other means, but that does not comply with the requirements of this standard,
cannot be claimed to comply with it.

Aggregates that do not comply with the requirements of this standard should only be used after all the
consequences have been considered, and provided that the user possesses the necessary expertise
in the use of such materials.

Attention is drawn to the normative references given

in clause 2 of this standard. These references are
indispensable for the application of this standard.

ISBN 0-626-13623-7

ii
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SABS 1083
Ed. 2.1

Contents
Page

Notice .............................................................. ii

Foreword .............................................................. ii

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii

Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv

1 Scope .............................................................. 1

2 Normative references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

3 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

4 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

5 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

6 Inspection and methods of test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

6.1 Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6.2 Test for grading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6.3 Test for dust content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6.4 Test for methylene blue adsorption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6.5 Test for clay content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6.6 Test for fineness modulus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6.7 Test for chloride content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6.8 Test for organic impurities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6.9 Test for presence of sugar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6.10 Test for soluble deleterious impurities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6.11 Test for aggregate crushing value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6.12 Test for 10 % FACT value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6.13 Test for flakiness index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Annexes

A Notes to purchasers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

B Quality verification of aggregates for concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

C Notes on tests and guidance on the use of aggregate for concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

D Bibliography .......................................................... 12

iii
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SABS 1083
Ed. 2.1

Committee*)
SABS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VJ Woodlock
(Chairman)
WB Westra
(Standards writer)
HH Cronje
(Committee clerk)

Aggregate and Sand Producers' Association of South Africa ................... R Bromley

Anglo-Alpha Limited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IM Scott

City of Durban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P Wallis

City of Johannesburg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CA Hoehler

Committee for State Road Authorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EM de Villiers

CSIR
Boutek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J van Dijk

Department of Public Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DC Kunz

Department of Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EC Knottenbelt

JP Nothnagel

Hippo Quarries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WA Coull

K Robinson

Institute of Concrete Technology UK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J Kellermann

IM Scott

Institute of Quarrying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T Nemeth

RW Weber

Murray & Roberts Construction Limited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T Nemeth

Natal Provincial Administration

Roads Branch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RE Love

Portland Cement Institute .............................................. NP Doulgeris

GRH Grieve

Provincial Administration of the Cape of Good Hope

Roads and Traffic Administration Branch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NB Dumas

Provincial Administration of the Orange Free State

Roads Central Laboratory Branch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J van Jaarsveld

Ready-Mix Materials (Pty) Limited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WR Barker

PM Clark
GW Dobson
JRN Phillipson

SABS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FW van Zyl

The South African Association of Consulting Engineers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GN Rosenthal

The South African Institution of Civil Engineers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GRH Grieve

Transvaal Provincial Administration

Civil Engineering Services Department . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LJ Buckle

*) This committee was responsible for the 1994 edition of the standard.

iv
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SPECIFICATION SABS 1083

Edition 2.1

Aggregates from natural sources — Aggregates for concrete

1 Scope

This standard specifies requirements for fine and coarse aggregates from natural sources for use in
concrete.

2 Normative references

The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions
of this standard. All standards are subject to revision and, since any reference to a standard is deemed
to be a reference to the latest edition of that standard, parties to agreements based on this standard
are encouraged to take steps to ensure the use of the most recent editions of the standards indicated
below. Information on currently valid national and international standards may be obtained from the
South African Bureau of Standards.

SABS ISO 3310-1, Test sieves – Technical requirements and testing – Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire |
cloth. Amdt 1, May 2002 |
SABS ISO 3310-2, Test sieves – Technical requirements and testing – Part 2: Test sieves of perforated |
metal plate. Amdt 1, May 2002 |
SABS SM 829, Sieve analysis, fines content and dust content of aggregates.

SABS SM 830, Chloride content of aggregates.

SABS SM 832, Organic impurities in fine aggregates (limit test).

SABS SM 833, Detection of sugar in fine aggregates.

SABS SM 834, Soluble deleterious impurities in fine aggregates (limit test).

SABS SM 841, Aggregate crushing value of coarse aggregates.

SABS SM 842, FACT value (10 % fines aggregate crushing value) of coarse aggregates.

SABS SM 847, Flakiness index of coarse aggregates.

SABS SM 1243, Deleterious clay content of the fines in aggregate (methylene blue adsorption indicator
test).

SABS SM 1244, Particles of diameter not exceeding 20 µm and not exceeding 5 µm and smaller,
respectively, in fine aggregate (pipette method).

1
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SABS 1083
Ed. 2.1

3 Definitions

For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply:

3.1 aggregate: Material formed by the natural disintegration of rock, or produced by the mechanical
crushing or milling of rock.

3.2 coarse aggregate: Aggregate of particle size such (to the extent specified in the standard) that
it is retained on a sieve that has square apertures of nominal size 4 750 µm.

3.3 fine aggregate: Aggregate of particle size such (to the extent specified in the standard) that at
least 90 % of its mass passes a sieve that has square apertures of nominal size 4 750 µm and is
retained on a sieve that has square apertures of nominal size 75 µm.

3.4 type (of aggregate): Denotes the intended use of the aggregate.

4 Requirements
NOTE – This clause contains the basic requirements for aggregates that are known not to contain deleterious
contaminants other than those for which limits have been laid down in this standard and that can be complied with by
normal processing, including washing with water. Aggregates derived from sources that yield material of unknown or
| suspect mineralogical and performance characteristics need to be subjected to further testing. Consult annex C for
guidance on the interpretation of results so obtained. (See also the introduction to this standard.) Amdt 1, May 2002

4.1 Class of aggregate

Aggregate shall be of one of the following classes:

a) aggregate formed by the natural disintegration of rock;

b) aggregate produced by the mechanical crushing or milling of rock; and

c) aggregate derived from a mixture (blend) of (a) and (b) above.

4.2 Fine aggregate

4.2.1 General

Fine aggregate for use in concrete shall be of one of the classes given in 4.1, as required (see
annex A). Fine aggregate shall, subject to the requirements of 4.2.2 to 4.2.4, comply with the
requirements given in table 1, appropriate to the class.

4.2.2 Grading

If a specific grading for a specific purpose is required, the grading limits for the fine aggregate in
respect of sieves of aperture sizes 2 360 µm, 1 180 µm, 600 µm and 300 µm shall be as required (see
annex A), subject to adherence to the requirement for fineness modulus (see 4.2.4).

2
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SABS 1083
Ed. 2.1

4.2.3 Dust content

[Link] Increase in limit for mixtures

The limit of dust content given in column 2 of table 1, in respect of a mixture (blend) of fine aggregate
(see 4.1(c)) is applicable to any mixture of which the proportional representation of the classes in the
mixture is not known. If these proportions are known, the relevant requirement given in columns 2
and 3 of table 1 may be increased (see [Link]), using the values given in columns 2 and 3 of table 1,
as follows:
x . a + yb
D =
100
where

D is the maximum permissible dust content of a mixture, as a mass percentage;

x is the percentage representation of material derived from the natural disintegration of rock;

a is the limit given in column 2 of table 1;

y is the percentage representation of material derived from the mechanical crushing or milling
of rock; and

b is the limit given in column 3 of table 1.

[Link] Maximum limits

The limits for dust content given in columns 2 and 3 of table 1 may be increased to 10 % and 20 %
respectively, provided that

a) the fine aggregate complies with the requirement for the methylene blue adsorption value (see
table 1), or

b) the fine aggregate complies with the requirement for clay content (see table 1).

NOTE – The following sequential procedure for the evaluation of a sample of fine aggregate in respect of dust and clay
content is recommended:

a) Determine the dust content and, if the value does not exceed the limits given in column 2 or 3 of table 1, as
appropriate, accept the sample.

b) If the dust content exceeds the limits given in column 2 or 3 of table 1, as appropriate, but does not exceed the
increased values provided for in 4.2.3, conduct the methylene blue adsorption test. If the sample complies with the
requirement given in table 1 for this property, accept the sample.

c) If the sample does not comply with the requirement for the methylene blue adsorption test, determine the clay content.
If the clay content does not exceed the limit given in table 1, accept the sample.

d) If the clay content exceeds the limit given in table 1, reject the sample.

4.2.4 Fineness modulus

The fineness modulus of a fine aggregate shall not deviate by more than 0,2 from the value as stated
in respect of a delivery of fine aggregate during a contract (see 5(b)). When relevant, the range within
which the fineness modulus falls shall be as required (see annex A). However, the fineness modulus
shall in all cases fall within the limits given in table 1.

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SABS 1083
Ed. 2.1

4.3 Coarse aggregate

4.3.1 Coarse aggregate for use in concrete shall comply with the requirements given in table 2,
appropriate to the type and nominal size required (see annex A).

4.3.2 If the grading of any nominal size of aggregate as given in table 2 (except for aggregate of
nominal size 6,7 mm) is required to be uniform in respect of any delivery during a contract, the supplier
shall state the coefficient of uniformity (Ua) that can be maintained for the duration of such contract from
a specific source (see 5(c)). The stated coefficient of uniformity shall be subject to a deviation as
agreed upon (see annex A).

The coefficient of uniformity (Ua) is calculated as follows:

D60
Ua =
D30

where

Ua is the adjusted uniformity coefficient;

D60 is the sieve aperture size (hypothetical) through which 60 % of the mass of the material
passes; and

D30 is the sieve aperture size (hypothetical) through which 30 % of the mass of the material
passes.

NOTE – The sieve aperture sizes of which 60 % and 30 % of the mass of the material passes can be determined
with the aid of a grading curve of the aggregate tested (using normal graph paper with enlarged scale), or can be
calculated from the results.

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SABS 1083
Ed. 2.1

Table 1 — Fine aggregate for concrete

1 2 3 4
Class
Fine aggregate
Fine aggregate derived from the natural disintegration
Property derived from the Test
of rock and any mixture (blend) of this class and fine
mechanical method
aggregate derived from the mechanical crushing or
crushing or subclause
milling of rock
milling of rock
Grading, mass percentage that passes 6.2
sieves1) that have square apertures of
nominal size 4 750 µm 90 – 100
150 µm 5 – 25
Dust content, material that passes a 75 µm 6.3
sieve1), mass percentage, max. 52) 102)
Methylene blue adsorption value3), max. 0,7 6.4
4)
Clay content , material of particle size 6.5
smaller than 5 µm, mass percentage, max. 2,0
Fineness modulus 1,2 – 3,5 6.6
5) -
Chloride content , expressed as Cl , mass Fine aggregate for 6.7
percentage, max. concrete for prestressing : 0,01
normal reinforced concrete : 0,03
non-reinforced concrete : 0,08
Organic impurities The colour of the liquid above the fine aggregate shall not 6.8
be darker than the colour of the reference solution, except
that this requirement shall not be applicable if the fine –
aggregate complies with the requirement for soluble
deleterious impurities.
Presence of sugar Free from sugar unless the fine aggregate complies with – 6.9
the requirement for soluble deleterious impurities.
Soluble deleterious impurities The strength of specimens made with the fine aggregate – 6.10
shall be at least 85 % of that of the specimens made with
the same fine aggregate after it has been washed, except
that this requirement shall not be applicable if the fine
aggregate complies with the requirements both for
organic impurities and for the presence of sugar.
1) Complying with SABS ISO 3310-1 or SABS ISO 3310-2. |
2) These limits may be exceeded under certain circumstances (see 4.2.3).

3) Applicable only if dust content exceeds limit given in the table (see 4.2.3).

4) Applicable only if dust content and methylene blue adsorption values exceed the relevant limits given in the table (see 4.2.3). For the purpose
of this requirement, the clay content is defined as -5 µm material which might not all be clay minerals. The clay content of this -5 µm fraction
is likely to be appreciable if the methylene blue adsorption value exceeds the relevant limit given in the table.

5) Caution must be exercised on sites where fine aggregate is prepared (or delivered) for the making of prestressed and other concrete for which
the chloride content is specifically restricted (see the table). Stockpiles of such fine aggregate should be kept well apart from other fine aggregate
and should be properly marked. Suppliers of fine aggregate derived from the crushing or milling of rock are cautioned that, whereas the parent
rock could be relatively free from chlorides, washing of such aggregate with water that contains an excessive amount of chlorides could cause
the chloride content of the resulting fine aggregate to exceed the specified limits.

Amdt 1, May 2002

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SABS 1083
Ed. 2.1

Table 2 — Coarse aggregate for concrete

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Test method
Property Requirement
subclause
Nominal size of aggregate

mm
Grading1), mass percentage of material 75,0 53,0 37,5 26,5 19,0 13,2 9,5 6,7 6.2
that passes sieves2) of nominal
aperture size, mm
75,0 100 100
53,0 0-50 85-100 100
37,5 0-25 0-50 85-100 100
26,5 0-5 0-25 0-50 85-100 100
19,0 0-5 0-25 0-50 85-100 100
13,2 0-5 0-25 0-50 85-100 100
9,5 0-5 0-25 0-55 85-100 100
6,7 0-5 0-25 0-55 85-100
4,75 0-5 0-25 0-55
2,36 0-5 0-25
1,18 0-5
Dust content, material that passes a 6.3
75 µm sieve2), mass percentage, max. 2
Aggregate crushing value (ACV)3), of 6.11
less than 13,2 mm and more than
9,5 mm fraction (dry), mass
percentage, max. 29
10 % FACT value, of the less than Coarse aggregate for use in concrete subject to surface abrasion, structural elements 6.12
13,2 mm and more than 9,5 mm of reinforced or prestressed concrete (or both): 110
fraction (dry), kN, min. Coarse aggregate for use in concrete not subject to surface abrasion: 70
Flakiness index, max. 35 6.13
1) Other gradings are permitted if so required (see annex A). Such a grading shall be specified in terms of the appropriate nominal sizes specified
in the table.

| 2) Complying with SABS ISO 3310-1 or SABS ISO 3310-2.

3) Optional alternative to the 10 % FACT value.

Amdt 1, May 2002

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SABS 1083
Ed. 2.1

5 Documentation

The following information shall appear on the documents that accompany each delivery of aggregate
or that pertain to each bin or stockpile of aggregate:

a) the class (see 4.1);

b) in the case of fine aggregate, the nominal value for fineness modulus and the maximum chloride
(Cl-) content, as relevant; and

c) in the case of coarse aggregate, the nominal size, the coefficient of uniformity (when relevant), the
proportional blend of nominal sizes (when relevant), and whether the coarse aggregate is suitable
for use in concrete subject to surface abrasion.

6 Inspection and methods of test

6.1 Inspection

Visually examine each delivery of aggregate to ensure that the description of the aggregate complies
with the requirements given in the order or contract and that the aggregate has not been contaminated
with foreign matter.

6.2 Test for grading

Use SABS SM 829.

6.3 Test for dust content

Use SABS SM 829.

6.4 Test for methylene blue adsorption

Use SABS SM 1243.

6.5 Test for clay content

Use SABS SM 1244.

6.6 Test for fineness modulus

Use SABS SM 829.

6.7 Test for chloride content

Use SABS SM 830.

6.8 Test for organic impurities

Use SABS SM 832.

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SABS 1083
Ed. 2.1

6.9 Test for presence of sugar

Use SABS SM 833.

6.10 Test for soluble deleterious impurities

Use SABS SM 834.

6.11 Test for aggregate crushing value

Use SABS SM 841.

6.12 Test for 10 % FACT value

Use SABS SM 842.

6.13 Test for flakiness index

Use SABS SM 847.

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SABS 1083
Ed. 2.1

Annex A
(normative)

Notes to purchasers

A.1 The following requirements shall be specified in tender invitations and in each order or contract:

a) the class of fine aggregate (see 4.2.1);

b) the grading limits in respect of aperture sizes 2 360 µm, 1 180 µm, 600 µm and 300 µm, if a specific
grading is needed for a specific purpose (see 4.2.2);

c) when relevant, the range within which the fineness modulus shall fall (see 4.2.4);

d) the type and nominal size of coarse aggregate (see 4.3.1);

e) the grading of coarse aggregate, if other than that given in table 2.

A.2 The following requirements shall be agreed upon between the supplier and the purchaser:

a) the permissible variation of the stated coefficient of uniformity (see 4.3.2 and 5(c);

b) the history of the aggregate regarding alkali-silica reactivity and, if available, the latest test results
(see C.2.2(k)).

Annex B
(informative)

Quality verification of aggregates for concrete

B.1 When a purchaser requires ongoing verification of the quality of aggregates for concrete, it is
suggested that, instead of concentrating solely on evaluation of the final product, he also direct his
attention to the manufacturer's quality system. In this connection it should be noted that
SABS ISO 9001 covers the provisions of an integrated quality system. Amdt 1, May 2002 |

B.2 If no information about the implementation of quality control or testing during manufacture is
available to help in the assessing of the quality of a consignment, and a purchaser wishes to establish
by inspection and testing of samples of the final product whether a consignment of the aggregates
complies with this standard, a sampling plan based on applicable statistical principles should be agreed
upon between the supplier and the purchaser.

It must be noted that

a) such a sampling plan applies only to ready-for-use aggregates sampled in accordance with an
agreed procedure, and

b) if, in terms of the sampling plan, the procedures given in SABS SM 827 are to be used, a clear
statement should be made as to the objective of the sampling as described in the method.

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SABS 1083
Ed. 2.1

Annex C
(informative)

Notes on tests and guidance on the use of aggregate for concrete

C.1 General

The notes in this annex are of a very general nature, since specific details can best be given in publi-
cations by authorities who possess expert knowledge of the various aspects related to concrete and
its constituents. Information about titles of relevant publications can be obtained from the above
institutions direct or from the South African Bureau of Standards, Pretoria.

Any information given in the aforementioned publications should not be construed as being alternative
or optional requirements to those given in this standard but as additional information to assist in the
assessment of aggregate for its suitability for use in concrete, especially for special applications. The
determination of properties additional to those covered in this standard should, wherever possible, be
conducted in accordance with SABS standard methods.

C.2 Notes on tests

C.2.1 Tests specified in this standard

Although in the introduction to this standard it is implied that aggregates that comply with the
requirements of the standard can be safely used for most concrete work, it must be realized that the
limits for some requirements, e.g. those for grading, are fairly wide, and that for specific applications,
the requirements may need to be confined to finer limits appropriate to the intended use of the
aggregates, but that these limits should always lie within the limits set in this standard. It is not possible
to cover all the possibilities in a standard and therefore recourse must be taken to authoritative
literature as referred to in clause C.1.

C.2.2 Tests for properties not covered in this standard

When nothing is known about the mineralogical and performance characteristics of aggregate from a
particular source, it is wise to subject the material to a thorough petrographic examination before use.
Such an examination can be carried out on the parent rock, or on an aggregate produced by the
crushing of the rock, or on aggregate formed by the natural disintegration of rock. In all cases, it is
recommended that a thorough geological survey of the deposit be undertaken in order that samples
taken for examination are representative of the source that is subject to exploration and potential
utilization. The interpretation of a petrographic examination by a competent petrologist or specialist
geologist will indicate to what extent tests, in addition to those specified in this standard, will need to
be carried out to verify the suitability of the aggregate for use in concrete.

Examples of additional properties that could be considered for determination, and for which
interpretation of the results will be required, are listed below:

a) the presence of sulfates or sulfides (or both);

b) the presence of shell;

c) water absorption;

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SABS 1083
Ed. 2.1

d) shrinkage;

e) soundness and durability;

f) shape, surface texture and water requirement;

g) presence of material of low density;

h) friability;

i) abrasion resistance;

j) solubility in acid;

k) alkali-silica reactivity;

l) polished-stone value; and

m) sand equivalent.

C.3 The use of aggregate for concrete

C.3.1 General

Modern concepts in the field of concrete technology require careful consideration during the pro-
portioning of concrete mixes to achieve all the desired properties of both fresh and hardened concrete.
Whether concrete is made of aggregate that complies with this standard, or, where such aggregates
are not available, with aggregate that does not comply with this standard, all the necessary factors that
affect the end results should be considered.

C.3.2 Aggregate that complies with the requirements of this standard

As inferred from C.2.1, the actual properties of aggregate that complies with the requirements of this
standard should be considered, to ensure that concrete made with the aggregate is so proportioned
that the characteristics required for a particular application are obtained.

C.3.3 Aggregate that does not comply with the requirements of this standard

If the use of aggregate that does not comply with the requirements of this standard is unavoidable,
utmost care must be taken in the assessment of all the properties of the aggregate, to ensure that the
characteristics of concrete made with the aggregates are not impaired. The long-term durability of the
concrete should be considered in particular.

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SABS 1083
Ed. 2.1

Annex D
(informative)

Bibliography

SABS SM 827, Sampling of aggregates.

| SABS ISO 9001, Quality management systems – Requirements. Amdt 1, May 2002

sabs pta
(pdf)

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