Simple Past

Tense
Warm-up:
• Share with a partner what you did last weekend.

o I went to the park and had a picnic.

Positive Form
• Structure: Subject + Verb (past form)
o Examples:
▪ “I walked to school.”

▪ “He watched a movie.”

▪ I left the class earlier.

• Activity
• Complete the sentences with the correct past form of the verb:
o “She ______ (visit) her friend.”
o “They ______ (play) basketball.”
Negative Form
• Structure: Subject + Did Not (Didn’t) + Base Verb
o Examples:
▪ “I did not (didn’t) walk to school.”
▪ “He did not (didn’t) watch a movie.”
• Activity
• Rewrite the sentences in the negative form:
o “She visited her friend.”
o “They played basketball.”
Question Form
• Structure: Did + Subject + Base Verb?
o Examples:
▪ “Did you walk to school?”
▪ “Did he watch a movie?”
• Activity
• Form questions from the following statements:
o “You walked to school.”
o “He watched a movie.”
Yes/No Questions and Short Answers
• Examples:
o “Did you walk to school?” - “Yes, I did.” / “No, I didn’t.”
o “Did he watch a movie?” - “Yes, he did.” / “No, he didn’t.”
• Activity
• Answer the following questions with short answers:
o “Did you visit your friend?”
o “Did they play basketball?”
WH Questions
• Structure: WH-word + Did + Subject + Base Verb?
o Examples:
▪ “What did you do?”
▪ “Where did she go?”
• Activity
• Form WH questions for the following answers:
o “I visited my friend.” (What)
o “She went to the park.” (Where)
Regular and Irregular Verbs
• Regular Verbs: Add -ed to the base form.
o Example: “walk” becomes “walked.”
• Irregular Verbs: Change form completely.
o Example: “go” becomes “went.”

• Activity
• Identify whether the following verbs are regular or irregular:
o “played”
o “went”
o “visited”
o “saw”
Forming the Past and Past
Participle of Regular Verbs
• Rule: Add -ed to the base form.
o Example: “talk” becomes “talked.”
• Activity
• Write the past and past participle
forms of the following verbs:
o “jump”
o “clean”
o “watch”
 Rules for Adding (-d) or (-ed)
• General Rule:
• Add -ed to the base form.
• Wanted helped cleaned reviewed
• Verbs Ending in -e: Add -d.
• Loved hoped hated cared
• Verbs Ending in Consonant + y: Change y to i and add -ed.
• Cried studied hurried buried
Rules for Adding (-d) or (-ed)
• One-syllable verbs with one vowel (vowel + consonant):
double the last consonant before adding –ed.
• Robbed planned stopped
• One-syllable verbs with two vowels:
• Seated moaned cooked
• One-syllable verbs with one vowel ending in W or Y:
add –ed only.
• Played showed
Activity:
• Convert the following verbs to their past forms:

o Smile
o Try
o Dance
o Carry
o Hug
o Use
o Wash
o Work
 Simple Past Tense: Uses
• Use – A Finished Action in the Past
• Describes actions that were completed in the past.

o Examples:
o She finished her homework an hour ago.
o I went to Boston last week.
o John left two minutes ago.
o I met my wife in 2017.
Simple Past Tense: Uses
• Use – A Past Habit/situation
• Describes habits or routines in the past.

o Examples:
o When I was a child, I lived in a small house
with my family. Every day I walked to school.
o I always went camping with my friends when
I lived in my village.
Simple Past Tense: Uses
• Use – Actions That Follow Each Other in a Story
• Describes a sequence of actions in the past.

o Examples:
o She woke up, brushed her teeth, and had breakfast.
o Mary walked into the room and stopped. She listened carefully.
She heard a noise coming from behind the curtain. She threw the
curtain open, and she saw…
Time Expressions with Simple Past Tense
• Common Expressions:
• Yesterday, last week, two days ago, in 1990.
o Examples:
▪ “I visited my friend yesterday.”

▪ “They moved here two years ago.”

• Activity
• Complete the sentences with the correct time expressions:
o “She called me ___.”
o “They traveled to Paris ___.”
Past
Continuous
Tense
Warm-up:
• Share with a partner what you were doing
at 8 PM last night.

o Example:
o I was watching TV.
Positive Form
• Structure: Subject + Was/Were + Verb + -ing
o Examples:
▪ “I was studying.”

▪ “They were running.”

Activity
• Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb:
o “She ______ (watch) TV.”
o “We ______ (play) basketball.”
Negative Form
• Structure: Subject + Was/Were + Not + Verb + -ing
o Examples:
▪ “I was not (wasn’t) studying.”

▪ “They were not (weren’t) running.”

Activity
• Rewrite the sentences in the negative form:
o “She was reading a book.”
o “They were playing soccer.”
Question Form
• Structure: Was/Were + Subject + Verb + -ing?
o Examples:
▪ “Was she reading?”

▪ “Were they running?”

Activity
• Form questions from the following statements:
o “You were listening to music.”
o “She was cooking dinner.”
Yes/No Questions and Short Answers
• Examples:
o “Was she reading?” - “Yes, she was.” / “No, she wasn’t.”
o “Were they playing?” - “Yes, they were.” / “No, they weren’t.”

Activity
• Answer the following questions with short answers:
o “Were you reading a book?”
o “Was he playing soccer?”
WH Questions
• Structure: WH-word + Was/Were + Subject + Verb + -ing?
o Examples:
▪ “What were you doing?”

▪ “Where was she going?”

Activity
• Form WH questions for the following answers:
o “I was studying.” (What)
o “She was going to the store.” (Where)
Past Continuous Tenses: Uses
• Use – An Action That Was in Progress in the Past
• Definition: Describes actions that were ongoing at a
specific time in the past.

o Examples:
o She was reading at 8 PM.
o They were listening to music yesterday morning.
Past Continuous Tenses: Uses
• Use – An Activity in Progress Before, and
Probably After, a Particular Time in the Past
• Definition: Describes actions that were ongoing
before and after a specific time.

o Examples:
o At 7 PM, she was still working.
o I was eating my lunch at 7 o’clock last night.
Past Continuous Tenses: Uses
• Use – An Interrupted Past Activity
• Definition: Describes actions that were interrupted
by another action.

o Examples:
o She was reading when the phone rang.
o I was taking a shower when the doorbell rang.
o We were playing soccer when it started to rain.
• Connecting word: When, while, as
Past Continuous Tenses: Uses
• An Action with Duration in the Past

• Examples:
o He was studying all night.
o I was working on this project for three hours.

• Time Expression: For + time period

Past Continuous Tenses: Uses
• Use – For Descriptions

o Examples:
o It was a beautiful moment. The sun was setting, and the
birds were singing.
o Jan looked beautiful. She was wearing a green cotton
dress. Her eyes were shining.
Past Continuous Tenses: Uses
• Use – an incomplete action

Example:
• I was reading a book during the flight.
• She was playing on her phone during
our drive to the neighboring town.
Comparing Past Simple Tense
and Past Continuous Tense
Examples:
o I watched a movie during the flight.
o I was watching TV during the flight..
o I read a book.
o I was reading a book.

o A. What did you do when the accident happened?

o B. I called the police

o A. What were you doing when the accident happened?

o B. I was shopping.
Used to – Expressing Habit in the Past
• Used to expresses a habit in the past the is finished now.

Examples:
oI used to play soccer every weekend.
oI used to read comic books when I was a kid.
oDid you use to read comic books when you were a kid?
oMy dad and I used to play basketball together.
oThis town didn’t use to be a nice place to live, but then it
changed.
Past
Perfect
Tense
Warm-up:
• What had you done before you came to class today?
Positive Form
• Structure: Subject + had + past participle

o Examples:
o They had left before the meeting started.
o By the time I got to the station, the train
had already left.
Negative Form
• Structure: Subject + had + not + past participle
o Examples:
o She had not (hadn’t) finished her work when the boss arrived.
o I had not (hadn’t) seem him before.

• Activity
• Convert positive sentences to negative form.
o He had eaten breakfast before he left.
o She had finished her homework when the electricity went off.
Question Form
• Structure: Had + subject + past participle?
o Examples:
o Had you finished your homework before you went out?
o Had you seen that man before?

• Activity
• Form questions using the Past Perfect Tense.
o You had finished your homework before you went out.
o She had finished her homework when the electricity went off.
Yes/No Questions and Short Answers
o Had they left before the meeting started? → Yes, they had. /
No, they hadn’t.
o Had you seen that man before? → Yes, I had. / No, I hadn’t.

• Activity
• Practice forming yes/no questions and providing short answers.
o Had she completed the project?
o Had you already taken your seat when the teacher came to the
class?
o Had he already left?
WH Questions
• Structure: WH-word + had + subject + past participle?
o Examples:
o What had you done before you came to class?
o Where had you been before?

• Activity
• Form WH questions using the Past Perfect Tense.
o She had finished her homework before she went out. (What)
o I had reached home by the time the rain started. (Where)
Use of Past Perfect Tense
• The Past Perfect Tense is used to show that one action in the past
happened before another action in the past.
o Examples:
o After he had eaten, he went to bed.
o She had finished her homework before she went out to play.
Activity:
• Identify the two actions in the sentence and determine which
happened first.
o By the time we arrived, the movie had started.
o When we arrived, the concert had already started.
Use of Before, After, When, By the
time, …
• These words are often used with the Past
Perfect Tense to show the sequence of actions.

o Examples:
o She had left before I arrived.
o After he had finished his homework, he went
out to play.
o I reached the concert by the time it started.
Sequence of Actions in Past Perfect Tense
• In sentences using the Past Perfect Tense, the action
described by the Past Perfect Tense happens before
the action described by the Simple Past Tense.

o Example: She had finished her homework before she

went out to play.
▪ Past Perfect Action: “had finished” (happened
first)
▪ Simple Past Action: “went out” (happened second)
Activity:
• Identify the sequence of actions in the following
sentences. Determine which action happened first.

1. By the time we arrived, the movie had started.

[Link] he had eaten, he went to bed.
[Link] had left before I called her.
[Link] I got to the station, the train had already
departed.
Simple Past Tense Passive
o Structure: Subject + was/were + past participle
o Examples:
▪ “The book was read by many students.”
▪ “The cake was baked by my grandmother.”
• Activity:
• Convert the following active sentences into passive sentences.
1.“The teacher explained the lesson.”
2.“They built the house in 1990.”
Past Continuous Tense Passive
o Structure: Subject + was/were + being + past participle
o Examples:
▪ “The project was being completed by the team.”
▪ “The song was being sung by the choir.”
• Activity:
• Convert the following active sentences into passive sentences.
1.“My mother was making lunch.”
2.“They were painting the house.”
Past Perfect Tense Passive
o Structure: Subject + had been + past participle
o Examples:
▪ “The letter had been sent before the deadline.”
▪ “The movie had been watched by everyone.”
• Activity:
• Convert the following active sentences into passive sentences.
1.“They had finished the project.”
2.“She had written the report.”