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A Study on IoT based Smart Street Light Systems

Dr.P.Arjun1, [Link] 2, Mr. [Link] Kumar 2, Mr. [Link] Kumar 2
1
Assistant Professor, Department of CSE,
2
UG Student, Department of CSE,
University College of Engineering Villupuram,
Villupuram–605103, TamilNadu.

Abstract--Today’s modern world people preferred to live the IoT is usually characterized by actual world minor things,
sophisticated life with all facilities. The science and technological extensively distributed, with restricted storage and processing
developments are growing rapidly to meet the above capacity, which comprise apprehensions regarding consistency,
presentation, safety and confidentiality [17].IoT can link pervasive
[Link] advanced innovations, Internet of Things
devices and conveniences with several networks to deliver effectual
(IoT) plays a major role to automate different areas like health and protected facilities for complete applications anytime and
monitoring, traffic management, agricultural irrigation, street anyplace [18]. The IoT is used in various applications like
lights, class rooms, etc., Currently we use manual system to surveillance systems that analyze abnormalities in security, RFID
operate the street lights, this leads to the enormous energy waste tags in luggage, sensors in chemical industries, smart homes,
in all over the world and it should be changed. In this survey we military applications, healthcare, industrial management and diverse
studied about, how IoT is used to develop the street lights in the environments. The Fig. 2 shows comparative analysis of projected
number of people and devices connected to IoT. The x-axis shows
smart way for our modern era. It is an important fact to solve
year and y-axis shows count in billions.
the energy crises and also to develop the street lights to the
entire world. In addition,with the study on smart street lighting
8
systems we analyzed and described different sensors and
components which are used inIoT environment. All the 6
components of this survey are frequently used and very modest
but effective to make the unswerving intelligence systems. 4

Keywords--Smart street light systems, Internet of Things, 2

Temperature sensor, Weather sensor, Raspberry Pi, Arduino
0
UNO.
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
I. INTRODUCTION World population

Internet of Things plays a most important role in our Number of device per person
everyday life. It connects enormous devices to the internet and
Connected device
involves the use of various data points, all of which need to be
secured. It has developed as a new paradigm for the upcoming of the
Internet, making way for devices that can communicate together Fig. [Link] number of people and devices connected to IoT.
[22]. The five phases of evolution of the Internet is shown in Fig. 1.
IoT is not only about collecting data generated from sensors, but Predominantly, street lights play’s the vital role in the
also about analyzing it [6]. IoT infrastructure must be an open
urban areas where the main purpose is to improve the streets
source, without ownership, meaning that anyone can develop,
deploy and use it [16]. throughout shady periods of the daytime. Beforehand, the quantity
of streets in the city’s ad towns were very fewer but by the growth
of urban areas, the quantity of streets growths quickly with high
traffic concentration. This paper gives the finest resolution for
electrical energy consumption. Here the labor-intensive operation of
the illumination system is entirely abolished. The scenario of an IoT
based smart street light system is shown in Fig. 3.

Fig. [Link] of the Internet shown in five phases.

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illumination has mounted. This description plans overall references

about street lighting, in addition tomethodological provisions for
spare LED equipped on present dignitary ends. It offers traditions to
exploit on the furtherassistances of LED technology, such as the
custom of control systems for lowering, changing color, alternative
events, and the usage of decorative hue lights for use in
techniqueoutcome, residence making and occurrencescheduling in
occupational boroughs. It also proposescustoms in which
metropolises can go outside street lighting to reflect all public and
private open-air lighting in a wide-ranging method.

Fig. 3. Scenario of an IoT based smart street light system(Reprinted

from [16]). 50000

The energy consumption in entire world is increasing at 40000

the fastest rates owed to populationand financial development and
the availability of energy sources remains woefully constrained [1]. 30000
The recent manual streetlight system has numerous problems like
conservationproblems, connectivity problems and control
20000
problem[6]. These difficulties can be determined by IoT technology.
In order to project a better lighting system on street we need focus
on some features such as dark-period safety for communalaffiliates 10000
and those we use the roads.
0
II. MOTIVATION AND BACKGROUND
Smart StreetLightSystemisa manageable andstrong
Life time of HPS Lamp(hrs) Life time of LED Lamp(hrs)
idea,which isutilized to switchON/OFF of the
[Link]
[Link] thesunlight is decreased lights were Fig. 4. Lifespan of HPS and LED lamps.
[Link] lights are switchedOFF by monitoring
the luminous level of sunlight in the self- regulating III. SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF RELATED WORKS
[Link] isperformedbyan LDR
sensorwhichmonitorsthelightabsolutely To study about the smart street light system, we have to
[Link] take an analysis on different aspects anticipated by other
.Whenthe progress of darkness isincreasestoadestinedlevel researchers. This is a description which is related to the work done
thenstreetlights were automaticallyswitched ON, otherwise it on Smart Street Light with various components and by using
getsOFF. Themaincompensationsofthissystemare cost different algorithms. This was developed and implemented by
reductionwhich is connected different aspects in several platforms.
topowerconservationandmanagingbyintegratinganautomobile
recognition [Link] automated regular report enables the Saifuzzanman et [Link] about the Energy crises is the
major problem in our modern environment [1]. On developing the
nursing of the more traffic areas and embodies the tackles to
improve traffic overcrowding. The lifespan of HPS and LED lamp rural area, electricity is the major need. This paper proposes that
are shown in Fig. 4. smart system which can make decision for the bright control. LDR
sensor is used to identify the power of the light and the street lights
Thecommunity street lights can be planned to encounter are controlled by IR sensor. Here solar cell is used as a battery. The
the desires of persons of entire ages, along with folks age-relevant notable part of this project is to sustain the traffic and also watchr
hallucination losses, the studycomprisesfinest supervision performs the entire system over the internet using surveillance camera is fixed
and lessons cultured from metropoliseswherever LED street on the street light [Link] et al. proposeda smart and

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weather adaptive lighting in the street light based on the reduction of sensor and photoelectric electric sensor are used as a sensing device.
the light street lights are controlled with the smart embedded system Here this system uses piezo electric sensor to detect the movement
[2]. The ON/OFF of the street lights are accessed through internet. on the road.
The actions performed on the roads are tracked by a camera which Sharath Patil et al. proposes in the paper, automatic street
placed on top of the street lights and footages are saved in the light control system that the automatic switch in this system is relay,
server. In-case of any emergency or danger the panic button is it releases the manual work at-most 100% [9]. The Light dependent
placed on the pole, when any person caught danger can press this sensor works as our eye does. To illuminate the status of human use,
panic button which raises an alarm to the nearby police station. The light intensity sensors like Zigbee, PIR sensor, LDR sensor are used.
manual operation is completely eliminated to ensure the safety and To avoid the wastage of energy by glowing street lights in the
to prevent the energy wastage the system. unwanted area, ON/OFF status of the street lights are intimated to
nearby EB section. Artificial energy source called solar and with the
Smart street light using IoT by Lakshmana et al. proposed battery backup the whole system is operated. By the wireless
in his project that the solar energy is used for a smart street light to communication turn ON/OFF of the street light controlled by data
save the electricity in the urban areas in the easy way [3]. Energy is received from the Zigbee.
gained by photovoltaic and given to the LEDs of the street lights.
The energy source from the photovoltaic is stored in the Yao-Chung Chang and D Ying-Hsun Lai explains campus
rechargeable battery and whenever the sun light is not received by edge computing network using IoT. They speak that a campus
the detector, the LEDs will automatically turn ON. PIR sensor is affords many advanced tenders in smarter way, such as abundant
placed is used to the light [Link] street lighting system by education, smart energy, and safekeeping facilities to campus
M. Kokilavani et al. presented in this paper is focuses on light employers through many IoT devices [10]. The landscape of
intensity and also controls moving object nearby the light. Photo platform integrates with campus courses service, controlling the
electric sensor and light sensor are used in this system [4]. Using connection between two resources, mobile wireless networks, and
artificial energy source, the entire smart system designed can other computing services. To examine the network, neural network
operated. Human being and light intensity of a particular area are learning processes are hired and an entire network resource sharing
sensed by PIR sensor and LDR sensors. The data transmitted to the service is used to operate the network node. Furthermore, the
EB section through the wireless connection. learning processes will be customized as the bidirectional IoT
communication to avoid insufficient reservoir with various IoTs
Designing of Street lighting system based on IoT for smart service and data streams in the general campus network service
city by Parkash et al. The proposed system of this paper provides the superiority. The tentative results illustrate that the future mechanism
solution for energy saving [5]. For recognizing a vehicle, the that the edge computing diminishes the cloud loading and forecasts
combination of IR receiver and IR transmitter are used. The and alters the delivers of the all network can capably reservoir and
microcontroller receives the data from the sensor to switch ON and preserves load stability.
any vehicle or object moves away then the light come to be
switched OFF and accessed through the internet. Development of a Awireless street light system with GUI was designed and
smart street light system by Fathima et al. is to control the street developed by B.K. Subramanyam et al., it converted a vital for the
light [6]. This paper proposes that using the IoT the energy folks to work throughout night and returning homes to the night-
conservation and man power is reduced and the saved energy can time and also rising the amount of corruptions occurred during
utilize efficiency for other purpose. The traditional HID lamps are thenight times [11]. This is established by proper execution of the
replaced by LED to save more amount of energy. the calibrated solar based lighting system on the streets. The charges are reduced
digital signal output of the temperature and humidity are sensed by by using the solar panel. By using LDR and IR sensors time could
DHT11 sensor. Programmed Arduino board is used to provide the be saved and also can reduce the huge individual power. By plotting
required intensity of the light at various time. a specificGUIin the PC, the street lights are governed. Zigbee is
thetechnology is used control street lights.
Development of Urban IoT system byAndrea et al. mainly
focused to sustenance the smart vision of city, it aims at abusing the [Link] et [Link] and implementing the advanced
furthermostinnovative technology to support the added values for evolution in IoT for energy conservation of street light, the best
the management of city and for the citizens [7]. It provides wide- resolution for saving the electrical power is automation on street
ranging survey of the enable technology protocol for an inner-city lights [12]. Here, the manual operation of the lighting system is
IoT. Designing of cost-effective Street Light System by Akshay completely abolished. By using sensor street light illumination can
Balachandran et al. shows the way of implementation with be modified at minimum electrical energy consumption. If any
embedded system focused on the necessity of the automated street object is detected on street, then street light’s luminous level will be
light system and [8]. Here IR sensor is replaced by the piezo electric increased, else they stay in the blurry mode. During night, real time
sensor to detect the object's motion on the [Link] brain to control updates of street processing and observe the changes occur in the
the process is microcontroller msp230. It gives the solution to street. This paper gives the advantages like reduction in heat
control the light intensity and also the movement on the road. Light

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discharges, influence consumption, conservation and replacement 4.1.2. PIC microcontroller

costs. Peripheral Interface Controller shown in Fig. 3b is a
firmed microcomputer developed to control the performance
of embedded system like peddling machines, robots, therapeutic
Snehal Bhosale et al. proposes that Street light play’s the
devices, portable radios, office machines, home-basedpurposes,
major role in road safety which is a vital feature for the motor vehicles and severaladditional devices. Microchip
contemporaryatmosphere [13]. A high quantity of power is spent by Technology assembled a specialized microcontroller (family of
street lights. It is essential to save the power as much as we can. The chips) in Chandler, Arizona.
electricity cost remains to increase as the wastage of energy 4.1.3. Arduino UNO
increases. It has become very crucial for conserving power. Street The Arduino UNO shown in Fig. 3cis Microchip
light monitoring and controlling is a mechanized system designed to ATmega328P based on an unsecured source microcontroller
expand the competence on switching of street lights. This board. The board is furnished with a bunch of analog and digital I/O
developmentstates a new technique for solving the problem for (input or output) pins that may be communicated to various shields
street light control method. By using wireless communication base (evolution boards) and further circuits. The original STK500
server controls the street lights by just sending a notification for it. It protocol is used to interface.
consists of a client-server application. The principal intention behind
this project is to conserve energy. 4.1.4. Wi-Fi Module ESP8266
A microcontroller can access to Wi-Fi network by giving
Deepak Kapgate et al. proposed a system which regulates an autonomous SOC (Wi-Fi Module ESP8266)shown in Fig.3d with
lights on street conferring to the procedure for Sun-up and Sundown coherent TCP/IP protocol stack. For providing an application or
and also for light concentration [14]. This system runs in controlled discharging every Wi-Fi networking operations from one to
method. In this method, PC monitor terminal is used to control the alternative application processor, the ESP8266 capable is used. With
streetlights. Additionally, this system is not only for monitoring and an AT instruction set microcode each ESP8266 modules were pre-
controlling the streetlights, it also observes the real-time data and assembled. The ESP8266 module is terrifically worthwhile board
mixes a humidity and temperature. This system broadly useful in all with an enormous, and ever flourishing, community.
the places and furnished with the high-power relay output which
want sensible controller such as electricity divisions, schools and
streets.

[Link] et [Link]
Zigbeetechnology whichcontrolsanddetects the b. PIC
streetlight’sstatuswhich mountedalong [Link] a. Raspberry microcontroller c. Arduino [Link]-
thissystem’scontrolcommandlightsareswitchedON/OFF[15].Itsinform Pi 3 UNO FiModule
ESP8266
ation on
localstatusisalsomonitoredbycontrolsystemviacommunicationchannel.
ON/OFFstatus,information about safety,etc., are detected Fig. 5. Various microcontrollers used in smart street light systems.
[Link]
communicationmediaandcommunicationprotocolsareused todeliver 4.2. Sensors
thecontrolinstructionandstatusinformation. WirelessorPowerlinesareg
enerally used as a communicationmedia. Thissystemsaves For a prolonged time, different kinds of sensors have been
amaintenancetimeandcosts with an improvement ofsafetylevel. used in various industries and organizations but the IoT (Internet of
Things) innovation of has taken the growth of sensors to the extreme
level [17]. Using different sensors, IoT provides various type of data
[Link] COMPONENTS USED IN IoT
and intelligence. They serve to collect data, push data and share data
with an entire network of combined devices.
4.1. Microcontroller
A microcontroller may be concerned as a free-standing 4.2.1. LDR Sensor
system with a memory, peripherals and processor. The peripherals, An LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) shown in Fig.4a
automobiles, appliances and telephones are mostly used is also called a photoresistor. These devices are light dependent. The
microcontrollers and also all the computer systems were embedded resistance will be decreases, when the light drops on the LDR, now
in other machineries, so it can be used as the embedded system. the resistance level is low. If LDR is placed in the dark region, then
the resistance increases here its resistance level is high.
4.1.1. Raspberry Pi
A Raspberry Pi shown in Fig. 3a can deliver all the 4.2.2. Temperature sensor
forecast potential that implicit, at a low-power expenditure level. It A quantity of heat energy is measured using a device
is an affinity(debit) card-sized computer modeled by the BBC Micro called Temperature Sensor shown in Fig.4b. It allows to diagnose a
for educational purposes. natural action in temperature from a specific source and transforms
the data for a device or user.

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4.2.3. Proximity sensor 4.3. Other Components

A proximity senor shown in Fig.4c senses occurrence of
an adjacent object, or properties of that object, and translates it into 4.3.1. CCTV
signal which can be simply read by user or an electronic device ClosedCircuitTelevision shown in Fig. 5a is a television
without getting in contact with them. system and its signals are not visibly distributed but are observed,
mainly for surveillance, investigation and security purposes.
4.2.4. Photoelectric sensor
Photoelectric sensor shown in Fig.4d is made by light-
4.3.2. LED
sensitive parts and uses a beam of light to sense the occurrence of an
object. It is an idyllic alternative of inductive sensors. A Light Emitting Diode shown in Fig. 5b is a light source
that releases light when current drifts through it. It recombines an
4.2.5. Ultrasonic sensor electron in the semiconductor with electron holes, liberating power
Ultrasonic sensors shown in Fig.4e are also used to sense in the mode of photons.
the occurrence or to compute the distance of targets similar to sonar
or radar. This makes a consistent resolution for harsh and 4.3.3. Solar panel
demanding conditions. A Solar panel shown in Fig. 5c intended to engage the
sun's emissions as a basis of dynamism for producing power.
4.2.6. Infrared sensor
An infrared sensor shown in Fig.4f is a sensor which the
4.3.4. Relay
convinced characteristics of its neighbors are sensed either
A relay shown in Fig. 5d is a gadget that is activated by
byreleasing or spotting infrared radiation. Accomplishment of
computing the heat which is discharged by an object. acurrent. Relays are used in numerous applications because of their
extended life, relative easiness,and the consistency level is proven.
4.2.7. PIR sensor
A motion detector shown in Fig.4g is a device which is 4.3.5. Rechargeable battery
used to sense the physical movement(motion) in an assumed area A rechargeable battery shown in Fig. 5e is a
and it converts motion into a signal. Motion detective sensor kind of electrical battery and recharged several times, as divergent
theatres a major role in the refuge industry. to a throwaway or primary battery, which is provided entirely
charged and discarded later use.
4.2.8. Optical sensor
A sensor which senses the number of light rays and
translate it into electrical motion which can be effortlessly readable
by user or an electronic instrument/device is called optical sensor
shown in Fig.4h.
a. b. c. d. e.
4.2.9. Pressure sensor CCTV LED Solar Relay Battery
A pressure sensor shown in Fig.4i is used to senses a Camera Panel
pressure and translates it into an electronic signal. Here, the quantity
depends upon the level of pressure applied. Fig. 7. Various components used in smart street light systems
4.2.10. Humidity sensor
A humidity senor in Fig. 4j is used to sense both air
temperature and moisture. While viewing for relief, Relative V. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SMART STREET LIGHT
humidity becomes an imperative factor. SYSTEMS

In Table 1, it shows comparison and an analysis of various

smart street light systems. Using the power efficient lamp with the
progressive lighting method is one of the alternate approaches for
a. LDR b. c.
cost reduction. The progressive technologies such as light emitting
d. e. diode (LED), are described as the one of the reductions in energy
sensor Temperature Proximity
Photoelectric Ultrasonic ingestingcomparable to the furtheroutmoded, High Pressure Sodium
sensor sensor
Sensor Sensor lights (HPS). The system which uses LDR sensors to detect the
ambient light and also to detect the fault in the lights. Pedestrian
movement of vehicles are detected by motion sensors which is
installed in parallel [Link], it demonstrates to be ineffective
because sensor subsidize for rapid range exposure.

f. IR g. PIR h. Optical i. j.
sensor sensor sensor pressure Humidity
sensor sensor

Fig. 6. Various sensors used in smart street light systems.

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Table. 1 Comparative analysis of IoT based smart street light energies were used in other important purposes. This system is
systems entirelyadaptable to the requirements of users and creates safe
environment. This approach requires minimum hardware with
simple software. To control street light decisions where taken by the
Papers Component Merits Demerits
s system, it is possible to avoid negligence factors by human
operatives. It will also helpful in making our city as the Smart City.
F. Dheena LDR Reduce manual Initial cost
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