Feder

ali
sm

[Link]
sFeder
ali
sm?

Def
ini
ti
on:Feder
ali
sm i
sasy st
em ofgovernmentinwhichpoweri
sdi
vi
dedbet
weenacent
ral
aut
hori
tyandvari
ousconst
it
uentunit
s(states/
provi
nces)
.

Bot
hlev
elsofgov
ernment
:

Gov
ernt
hesameci
ti
zens.

Hav
ethei
rownpower
s,r
esponsi
bil
i
ties,
andsour
cesofr
evenue.

[Link]
uresofFeder
ali
sm

[Link]
elev
elsofgov
ernment–e.
g.,
Uni
on&St
atei
nIndi
a.

[Link]
vi
sionofpower
s–cl
ear
lyment
ionedi
ntheconst
it
uti
on.

[Link]
emacyoft
heConst
it
uti
on–Const
it
uti
oni
sthef
inal
aut
hor
it
y.

4.I
ndependentj
udi
ciar
y–t
oset
tl
edi
sput
es.

[Link]
camer
all
egi
slat
ure(
insomef
eder
ati
ons)–secondhouser
epr
esent
sst
ates.
ses3.
Di
ff
erentRout
est
oFeder
ali
sm

Comi
ngToget
herFeder
ati
ons:

I
ndependentst
atescomet
oget
hert
ofor
m abi
ggeruni
t.

Exampl
es:
USA,
Swi
tzer
land,
Aust
ral
i
a.

Hol
dingToget
herFeder
ati
ons:

Al
argecount
rydi
vi
desi
tspowerbet
weencent
ral
andst
ategov
ernment
s.

Exampl
es:
Indi
a,Spai
n,Bel
gium.

[Link]
ali
sm i
nIndi
a

I
ndi
aisaf
eder
ati
onwi
thast
rongcent
re.

Const
it
uti
onal
prov
isi
ons:

Uni
onLi
st(
97subj
ect
s):
Mat
ter
sofnat
ional
impor
tance–e.
g.,
def
ence,
for
eignaf
fai
rs,
banki
ng.

St
ateLi
st(
66subj
ect
s):
Mat
ter
sofst
atei
mpor
tance–e.
g.,
pol
i
ce,
trade,
agr
icul
tur
e.

Concur
rentLi
st(
47subj
ect
s):
Bot
hCent
re&St
ate–e.
g.,
educat
ion,
for
est
s,mar
ri
age.
Resi
duar
ypower
s:Gi
vent
oUni
ongov
ernment
.

Emer
gencypr
ovi
sionsst
rengt
henCent
re’
saut
hor
it
y.

[Link]
sFeder
ali
sm Pr
act
isedi
nIndi
a?

[Link]
ngui
sti
cReor
gani
sat
ionofSt
ates(
1950sonwar
ds)
:

St
atesr
eor
gani
sedonl
i
ngui
sti
candcul
tur
albasi
s.

[Link]
i
cy:

Hi
ndi
isof
fi
cial
languagebutnoti
mposed;
stat
eshav
ethei
rownof
fi
cial
languages.

Engl
i
shcont
inuesasanassoci
ateof
fi
cial
language.

[Link]
re-
Stat
eRel
ati
ons:

Bal
anceofpowerdependsont
her
uli
ngpar
tyatt
heCent
reandi
nst
ates.

Ri
seofr
egi
onal
par
ti
essi
nce1990shasst
rengt
henedf
eder
ali
sm.

[Link]
i
tionGov
ernment
s:

Ledt
odecent
ral
i
sat
ionandmor
est
atepower
.

[Link]
ral
i
sat
ioni
nIndi
a

WhyDecent
ral
i
sat
ion?

Local
probl
emsar
ebestunder
stoodatt
hel
ocal
lev
el.

Peopl
edi
rect
lypar
ti
cipat
eindeci
sion-
maki
ng.

Const
it
uti
onal
Stat
us(
1992,
73r
d&74t
hAmendment
s):

Thr
ee-
ti
ersy
stem:

[Link]
onGov
ernment

[Link]
ateGov
ernment

[Link]
Gov
ernment(
Panchay
ati
Raj
&Muni
cipal
i
ties)
.

Panchay
ati
Raj
Syst
em (
Rur
alLocal
Gov
ernment
):

Gr
am Sabha–meet
ingofal
ladul
tsi
nav
il
lage.

Gram Panchay
at–el
ect
edcounci
latv
il
lagel
evel
.Panchay
atSami
ti/Bl
ockSami
ti–atbl
ock
l
evel
.
Zi
l
aPar
ishad–atdi
str
ictl
evel
.

Ur
banLocal
Gov
ernment
:

Muni
cipal
i
ties&Muni
cipal
Cor
por
ati
ons.

[Link]
gni
fi
canceofFeder
ali
sm

Pr
omot
esuni
tyi
ndi
ver
sit
y.

Ensur
esaccommodat
ionofr
egi
onal
dif
fer
ences.

St
rengt
hensdemocr
acybyshar
ingpower
.

Pr
event
sconcent
rat
ionofpoweri
noneaut
hor
it
y.

Summar
y:

I
ndi
aisaf
eder
alcount
rywi
thast
rongcent
re.

Feder
ali
sm i
snotjustaboutdi
v i
sionofpower
sbutal
soaboutpr
act
ice(
li
ngui
sti
cst
ates,
l
anguagepoli
cy,
coali
tionpol
it
ics).

Decent
ral
i
sat
ion(
Panchay
ati
Raj
)makesdemocr
acymor
eincl
usi
veandpar
ti
cipat
ory
.