Engineering Drawing
MEL 103
Introduction
Content
• Course Outline
• Introduction to Engineering Drawing
• Drawing Standards
• Drawing sheet
Scale
Lettering
Line types
Course Outline
• Introduction to BIS SP – 46 – 1988
• Explanation of various drawing instruments, symbols, RF, Dimensioning, etc. Practice of
scales, Representative Factor and dimensioning on some practical exemplary figure.
• Conversion of pictorial views to orthographic / profile views
• Projection of points and lines
• Projections of planes
• Projections of lines and planes using Auxiliary planes
• REVIEW – I of sheets
• Projections of solids
• Section and development of solids, Intersection of solids
• Isometric views
• REVIEW II of sheets
Reference books
• Bhatt N.D. and Panchal V.M., Elementary Engineering Drawing,
Charotar Publishing House, 43rd Edition.
• Jolhe Dhananjay, Engineering Drawing with an introduction to
AutoCAD, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd, 1st edition.
• BIS-SP-46-1988, Handbook BIS SP -46-1988, BIS.
Ancient Art
Early Modern Era
Introduction
• An engineering drawing is a type of technical drawing, used to fully and
clearly define requirement for engineered items and is usually created in
accordance with standardized convention for layout, nomenclature,
interpretation, appearance size, etc.
• Its purpose is to precisely and unambiguously capture all the geometric
features of a product or a component.
• The end goal of an engineering drawing is to convey all the required
information that will allow a manufacturer to produce that component.
Importance of Graphic Language
1. Write some description of this object.
2. Convey your description to someone
attempting to make a sketch or visualize your
description.
You will realize that,
The word language is insufficient in completely and precisely describing
the size, shape and features.
Application of Graphic Language in
Engineering Drawing
• Lines are used to represent the features of any object in “Engineering
Drawing” and “Blueprints”.
• Features of the object are surface (Plane) and edge (Line).
Methods to Create an Engineering Drawing
An engineering drawing can be made in three ways,
1. Freehand sketch
2. Using drawing tools/instruments
3. Using a computer
Freehand Sketch
• Lines are drawing using just a pencil and eraser on a blank or
grid paper.
Orthographic sketch Actual picture
Using Drawing Tools/Instruments
• Drawing tools used to draw
lines, curves and circles
concisely and precisely.
• Big drawings can be scaled
accurately using drawing
instruments
Using a Computer
• Computer aided drafting (CAD) software is used.
Elements of Drawing
A clear and precise engineering drawing requires both graphics and
word language.
Graphics language
• Describes mainly a shape.
Word language
• Describes size, location and
specification of the object.
Text on drawings
Knowledge and Skills Required
Drawing Sheet: Standard Sizes
Drawing Sheet: Orientation and Margin
How to Scale Drawing: Definition
Drawing Scales
Standard Scales
Text Style and Features
Basic Line Types
Application of Line Types: Example
Drawing Instruments
and their Use
Drawing Instruments
• Drawing board/table
• T-square
• Set-squares
• Rolling Ruler
• Compass
• Drawing pencil
Drawing board
• Made of well-seasoned soft wood
• Preferred on a table sloping downwards
towards student.
More common among students
T-Square
• Made up of hard wood.
• Stock and blade are joined by
screws.
• Working edge is beveled and
should be perfectly straight.
• Nowadays, it is available in plastic
or celluloid with engraved scale.
Use of T-Square Hold pencil slightly inclined
• It is mainly used to draw horizontal
lines.
• Horizontal parallel lines can also be
drawn.
• Working edge is also used as a base
for set-squares to draw vertical and
inclined lines.
Hold stock firmly with hand
Set-Squares 30°-60° set-square
• It is made up of Tin, wood, celluloid or
plastic.
• It is used for drawing of all types of
non-horizontal lines. 45° set-square
• Lines at 30°, 60° and 45° angles can be
drawn using 30°-60° and 45° set-
square.
• Parallel lines at any inclination,
perpendicular lines can be drawn.
Set-Squares
• A line perpendicular to given
horizontal line can be drawn, from
any point within it.
• A T-square or rolling scale or any
other base can be used below the
set-squares.
Set-Squares
• Using set-squares, a circle
can be divided into 8 or 12
equal parts
Protractor
• Made up of transparent celluloid,
mostly flat an semi-circular in shape.
• Minimum interval is on 1°.
• It is used to draw or measure the
angles that cannot be drawn using
set-squares.
Drawing Papers
• For pencil drawings, the selected
paper should be tough and strong.
• Fibers should not disintegrate after
using eraser.
Drawing Pencils
• Quality of pencil decides the
quality of shades and uniformity
of lines.
• HB pencils are preferred, which
are considered as medium grade.
• Use of clutch pencil is easier and
doesn’t need sharpening.
Drawing Pins, Clips and Tapes
• Pins and adhesive tapes often used
Tapes
Pins
Clips
Drafting Machine
Roll-N-Draw ruler
• Ideal for drawing vertical, horizontal and parallel lines, angles and
circles.
Homework
• Draw these figures on A4 sheet.
