Course Structure and Curriculum

B Tech Programme

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad
Prayagraj-211004

1
 DEGREE FORMAT AND NOMENCLATURE
Sl. Program Category Branch Nomenclature
No.
1 4 Year Undergraduate Program ECED B Tech (Electronics and Communication Engineering)
2 4 Year Undergraduate Program For Other B Tech (XXXX) and Minor in (VLSI Design)
with Minor Branches
3 4 Year Undergraduate Program For Other B Tech (XXXX) and Minor in (Signal Processing)
with Minor Branches
4 4 Year Undergraduate Program For Other B Tech (XXXX) and Minor in (Digital Systems)
with Minor Branches
5 4 Year Undergraduate Program For Other B Tech (XXXX) and Minor in (Communication Systems)
with Minor Branches
6 4 Year Undergraduate Program ECED B Tech Honours (Electronics and Communication Engineering)
with Honours
7 4 Year Undergraduate Program ECED B Tech (Electronics and Communication Engineering) with
with Research Research (in VLSI)
8 4 Year Undergraduate Program ECED B Tech (Electronics and Communication Engineering) with
with Research Research (in Signal Processing)
9 4 Year Undergraduate Program ECED B Tech (Electronics and Communication Engineering) with
with Research Research (in Communication Systems)

CREDIT MATRIX AT VARIOUS LEVELS

Sl. Program Category Credit Distribution
No. Base Credit Minor Honours Research Total
1 B Tech (Electronics and Communication 168 -- -- -- 168
Engineering)
2 B Tech (XXXX) Minor in (VLSI Design) 160-170 (From Other Branches) 17 -- -- 177-187
(Minor in VLSI Design will be offered in
3rd ,4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th semesters)
3 B Tech (XXXX) Minor in (Signal 160-170 (From Other Branches) 16 -- -- 176-186
Processing)
(Minor in Signal Processing will be
offered in 3rd, 5th, 6th, and 7th semesters)
4 B Tech (XXXX) Minor in (Digital 160-170 (From Other Branches) 16 -- -- 176-186
Systems)
(Minor in Digital Systems will be offered
in 3rd ,4th, 5th, and 7th semesters)
5 B Tech (XXXX) Minor in 160-170 (From Other Branches) 20 -- -- 180-190
(Communication Systems)
(Minor in Communication Systems will be
offered in 3rd ,4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th
semesters)
6 B Tech Honours (Electronics and 168 -- 20 -- 188
Communication Engineering)
(Honours Programme will be offered in
5th, 6th and 7th semesters)
7 B Tech (Electronics and Communication 168 -- -- 20 188
Engineering) with Research (in VLSI)
8 B Tech (Electronics and Communication 168 -- -- 20 188
Engineering) with Research (in Signal
Processing)
9 B Tech (Electronics and Communication 168 -- -- 20 188
Engineering) with Research (in
Communication Systems)

2
Credits of B Tech ECE Courses as per proposed requirement

Course Category Courses offered in First Year as Reference Credits 1st Balance Total Credits of B
Nomenclature per the recommendations of First Total Credits year Credits for Tech ECE for 4
Year Course Committee for 4 Years B remaining 3 Years
(Accepted)
May2022 (Accepted) Tech years

PCE (Professional Professional Communication, 14 (8.3%) 05 09 14(8.3%)

competence Extra Academic Activities-A,
(Balanced)
enhancing Courses Professional ethics and Social
Values

Introduction to Artificial 23 (13.7%) 07 NIL 23 (13.7%)

Intelligence and Machine
Learning, Engg. Graphics,
Workshop and Manufacturing
Processes

CEF (Core Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics- 16

Engineering I, Mathematics-II
Foundation courses)

CES Core Engineering Supporting 111 (66.1%) 03 99 111 (66.1%)

Courses
(Balanced)
CEE Core Engineering Essential 09
Courses, Electives

Extra Academic Extra Academic Activity (EAA)- 06 (3.6%) 02 04 06 (3.6%)

Activity Related Group B
(Balanced)
Courses (EAA)-
Group B

Industrial Training/ Group Project 14 (8.3%) -- 14 (Balanced) 14 (8.3%)

TOTAL 168 42 126 168 (100.00%)

3
1. PROGRAM: B Tech (Electronics and Communication Engineering)

COURSE STRUCTURE UG PROGRAM (B Tech ECE)

First Semester (Electronics and Communication Engineering)
Sl. No. Course name Cat L T P Credit Contact Remarks
Hours
1 Physics/Chemistry CEF 2 1 2 4 5 Branch Specific Physics and
Chemistry Courses (Alternatively
in each semester)
2 Mathematics-I CEF 3 1 0 4 4 Common Course for all Branches
3 Professional Communication/Introduction to Artificial PCE 2 0 2 3 4 Common Course for all Branches
Intelligence and Machine Learning As per the clause 23.13 of the NEP
2020
4 Core Engineering Essential Course I (Flexible L-T-P) CEE 2 0 2 3 4 Branch Specific Course of that
Basic Electronics branch only here ECE
5 Core Engineering Essential Course II (Flexible L-T-P) CEE 2 0 2 3 4 Branch Specific Course of that
Digital Electronics branch only here ECE
6 Electronics Workshop and Manufacturing PCE/ 1 0 2 2 3 Common Course (Alternatively in
Processes/CAD for Electronics CEE each semester) If any department
does not want to adopt this/these
course(s) for the specific branch,
the department may float branch
specific course(s) in that/those
places here ECE
7 Environment and Climate Change PCE 2 0 0 0 2 Common Course for all Branches
(This is an Audit Course)
8 Extra Academic Activity-A/ EAA 0 0 4 2 4** Common Course for all Branches
Extra Academic Activity-B (With different titles)
*Engagement beyond Academic
Activity Duration
*Evaluation of Grading system to
be worked on
Total 14 2 14 21 26+4**

Second Semester (Electronics and Communication Engineering)

Sl. No. Course name Cat L T P Credit Contact Remarks
Hours
1 Chemistry/Physics CEF 2 1 2 4 5 Branch Specific Physics and
Chemistry Courses (Alternatively
in each semester)
2 Mathematics-II CEF 3 1 0 4 4 Branch Specific Mathematics
Course
3 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and Machine PCE 2 0 2 3 4 Common Course for all Branches
Learning/ Professional Communication As per the clause 23.13 of the NEP
2020
4 Core Engineering Supporting Course (Flexible L-T-P) CES 2 0 2 3 4 Course to be floated by each
Principles of Electronics Engineering department (here ECE) only for
the students of other Branches
5 Core Engineering Essential Course III CEE 2 0 2 3 4 Branch Specific Course of that
(Flexible L-T-P) branch only here ECE
Principles of Communication Engineering

6 CAD for Electronics/ Electronics Workshop and CEE/P 1 0 2 2 3 Common Course (Alternatively in
Manufacturing Processes CE each semester) If any department
does not want to adopt this/these
course(s) for the specific branch,
the department may float branch
specific course(s) in that/those
places here ECE
7 Extra Academic Activity-A/ EAA 0 0 4 2 4** Common Course for all Branches
Extra Academic Activity-B (With different titles)
*Engagement beyond Academic
Activity Duration
*Evaluation of Grading system to
be worked on
Total 12 2 14 21 24+4**

N.B. Course Structure and Curriculum for B Tech First Year comprising of First and Second Semesters have already been
finalized and accepted at Institute level.

4
 Third Semester (Electronics and Communication Engineering)
Course Code Course name L T P Credit
ECN-13101 Electromagnetic Theory 3 0 0 3
ECN-13102 Signals and Systems 3 0 0 3
CS-13101 Data Structures and Operating Systems 3 0 2 4
EE-13111 Networks and Systems 3 0 0 3
ECN-13103 Microprocessor and Its Applications 3 0 2 4
ECN-13104 Solid State Devices and Circuits 3 0 2 4
HS-XXXXX Business Economics 3 0 0 3
Extra Academic Activity-B-II 0 0 4 2
Total 21 0 10 26

Fourth Semester (Electronics and Communication Engineering)

Course Code Course name L T P Credit
EC-14101 VLSI Technology 3 0 0 3
EC-14102 Digital Communication 3 0 2 4
EE-14111 Automatic Control Systems 3 0 2 4
EC-14103 Antenna and Wave Propagation 3 0 0 3
EC-14104 Microcontrollers and Embedded Systems 3 0 2 4
HS-XXXXX Management Concepts and Applications 3 0 0 3
Extra Academic Activity-B-II 0 0 4 2
Total 18 0 10 23

Fifth Semester (Electronics and Communication Engineering)

Course Code Course name L T P Credit
EC-15101 Digital Signal Processing 3 1 2 5
EC-15102 Computer Architecture 3 0 0 3
EC-15103 Data Communication Networks 3 0 0 3
EC-15104 Electronic Circuit Design 3 1 2 5
EC-15105 Optical Communication 3 0 0 3
EC-15106 VLSI Design 3 0 2 4
EC-15301,15302,15401,15402,15501, Elective-I 3 0 0 3
15502
Total 21 2 6 26

Sixth Semester (Electronics and Communication Engineering)

Course Code Course name L T P Credit

EC-16101 Digital Image Processing 3 0 2 4
EC-16102 RF and Microwave Engineering 3 0 2 4
EC-16103 Semiconductor Devices and Modeling 3 0 0 3
HS-XXXXX Soft Skills and Personality Development 3 0 0 3
EC-16301,16302,16401,16402,16501, Elective-II 3 0 0 3
16502
EC-16303,16304,16403,16404,16503, Elective-III 3 0 0 3
16504
Total 18 0 4 20

Seventh Semester (Electronics and Communication Engineering)

Course Code Course name L T P Credit

EC-17101 Mobile and Wireless Communication 3 0 2 4
EC-17102 Nano Electronics and Its Applications 3 0 0 3
EC-17301,17302,17401,17402,17403, Elective – IV 3 0 0 3
17501,17502
EC-17303,17304,17403,17405,17406, Elective-V 3 0 0 3
17503
EC-XXXXX Project 0 0 4 4
Total 12 0 6 17

5
 8th Semester (Electronics and Communication Engineering)

Course Code Course name L T P Credit

EC-18601 Major Project/Industrial Placements 0 0 14 14
Total 0 0 14 14

Total Credits=168

Professional Elective- I

Communication
1. EC15301 Modern Radar Systems
2. EC15302 Multimedia Communication
Signal Processing
1. EC15401 Advanced Computer Architecture
2. EC15402 Advanced Microcontrollers
VLSI
1. EC15501 Advanced Analog Design
2. EC15502 MEMS & Integrated Sensors

Professional Elective-II

Communication
1. EC16301 Advanced Digital transmission
2. EC16302 Satellite Communication
Signal Processing
1. EC16401 VLSI Signal Processing
2. EC16402 Adaptive Signal Processing
VLSI
1. EC16501 Testing & Verification of VLSI Circuits
2. EC16502 VLSI Interconnects

Professional Elective-III

Communication
1. EC16303 Advanced Wireless Networks
2. EC16304 Intelligent Communication Systems
Signal Processing
1. EC16403 Two-dimensional Signals and Systems
2. EC16404 Mathematics for Machine Learning
VLSI
1. EC16503 VLSI Physical Design & Automation
2. EC16504 Low Power VLSI Design

Professional Elective-IV

Communication
1. EC17301 WDM Optical Networks
2. EC17302 Advanced Wireless Communication
Signal Processing
1. EC17401 Digital Hardware Design
2. EC17402 Switching Circuits and Finite Automata Theory
3. EC17403 Advanced DSP Architecture
VLSI
1. EC17501 Mixed Mode VLSI Design
2. EC17502 RF IC Design

6
Professional Elective-V

Communication
1. EC17303 Adaptive and Smart Antenna
2. EC17304 Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility
Signal Processing
1. EC17404 DSP Processors
2. EC17405 Image Analysis and Pattern Recognition
3. EC17406 Signal Compression Techniques
VLSI
1. EC17503 VLSI for IOT

Lab Elective
1. EC17201 Advanced Wireless and Optical Communication Lab
2. EC17202 Advanced Microcontrollers Lab
3. EC17203 Advanced VLSI Lab
4. EC17204 FPGA Lab

7
 Courses offered by ECED in First Semester B Tech ECE

Course Code Course name L T P Credit

ECN-11101 Basic Electronics 2 0 2 3
ECN-11102 Digital Electronics 2 0 2 3
ECN-11103 Electronics Workshop and Manufacturing Process 1 0 2 2

BASIC ELECTRONICS (ECN-11101)

Course Outcomes:

On successful completion of the course students will be able:

 To understand the basics of PN junction diode and its applications in electronic circuit design.
 To introduce different special purpose diode devices.
 To introduce the basics of transistor devices, characteristics, and its applications.
 To understand the operation of BJTs at low frequency.
 To introduce the basics of Field Effect Transistors.
 To acquire basic knowledge of operational amplifier and its applications as arithmetic circuits

UNIT 1: Transport Phenomenon in Semiconductor: Crystal Properties and charge Carriers in

Semiconductors, Elemental and compound semiconductor materials, crystal lattice structure, Bonding
forces, band theory, energy bands in solids, Intrinsic and Extrinsic semiconductors, charge carriers in
semiconductors, carrier concentrations, drift of carriers in electric and magnetic fields.
5(L)
UNIT 2: Diodes- Introduction to pn diode and its applications as rectifier, rectifier as DC Power
Supply, Clamper, Clipper, Voltage multiplier etc., Zener diode and its applications as regulator,
Operation and characteristics of Varactor diode, Tunnel diode, LED, Photo diode, and Schottky diodes
etc. 5(L)

UNIT 3: Bipolar Junction Transistors- Junction Transistor, transistor current components,

Transistor as an amplifier, transistor construction, CB, CE, CC Configurations, analytical expressions
for transistor characteristics, maximum voltage rating, phototransistor, biasing of bipolar junction
transistors. Introduction to hybrid model. 5(L)

UNIT4: Field Effect Transistors-Basics of JFET and MOSFET, construction, working, concept of
p i n c h -off, characteristics of JFET, MOSFET (Enhancement and Depletion), CG, CS, CD
Configuration, JFET Biasing, FET as a voltage variable resistor. 5(L)

UNIT 5: Operational Amplifier-Ideal & non-ideal characteristics, concept of summing junction and
virtual ground. Application of operational amplifier as: Adder, Subtractor, Differentiator, Integrator,
Multiplier, Unity gain amplifier, Logarithmic amplifier, Square & Triangular wave generator, Schmitt
Trigger, Precision rectifier & Timing Circuits. 4(L)

Text/ Reference Books:

 Electronic devices and circuit theory by Robert Boylested and Louis Nashelsky
 Electronics Devices and Circuits by Millman & Halkias
 Electronic Devices and Circuits, An Introduction, EEE Publication by Allen Mottershed
 Electronic Devices and Circuits, Tata McGraw Hill by Y N Bapat
 Solid State Electronic Devices, Prentice Hall of India by B G Streetman.

8
 BASIC ELECTRONICS LAB

Experiment 1: Familiarization to basic test and measuring instruments like Cathode Ray
Oscilloscope(CRO), Function Generator, Power supply, Breadboard etc.
Experiment 2: To measure the frequency and amplitude of various waveforms using CRO.
Experiment 3: To verify the truth tables of different logic gates by using ICs and implement different
logic gates using IC 7400.
Experiment 4: To study the pn junction diode characteristics under forward and reverse bias conditions.
Experiment 5: To study the application of a Zener diode as voltage regulator.
Experiment 6: To determine the ripple factor of Half-Wave and Full-wave (Bridge) rectifiers.
Experiment 7: To observe the clipping wave forms in different clipping configurations.
Experiment 8: To observe the clamping wave forms in different clamping configurations.
Experiment 9: To determine the CE (Common Emitter) characteristics of a given BJT.
Experiment 10: To plot the drain and transfer characteristics of a given FET and to find drain resistance.
Experiment 11: To verify the addition and subtraction operation using op-amp 741.

DIGITAL ELECTRONICS (ECN-11102)

Course outcomes:
On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to:

 Have a basic understanding of the minimization techniques used in digital electronics.

 Have a thorough understanding of the concepts and design of different combinational logic
circuits.
 Understand, analyze and design various programmable logic devices.
 Understand and investigate the fundamental concepts of sequential logic circuits.
 Have a rigorous study of the various sequential logic circuits and to learn the design methods of
the same.
 Acquire knowledge and analyze the design of different counters and shift register circuits.
 Have a detailed understanding of design and working of multivibrators.
 Know about different characteristics of logic families and also analyze their design and working.

UNIT 1: COMBINATIONAL LOGIC: A brief review of minimization techniques, introduction to

combinational logic, design procedure, adders, subtractors, code converters, magnitude comparator,
BCD to Seven segment decoder, parity generator and checker, decoders, encoders, multiplexers,
demultiplexers, ROMs, design of the circuits using decoders, multiplexers and ROMs 6(L)

UNIT 2: PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC DEVICES: Programmable Logic Array (PLA),

Programmable Array Logic (PAL), design of the circuits using PLA and PAL, Field Programmable
Gate Array (FPGA). 3(L)

UNIT 3: SEQUENTIAL LOGIC: Introduction, flip-flops, flip-flop excitation tables, triggering of flip-
flops, analysis of clocked sequential circuits, state reduction and assignment, race around condition,
Master-slave flip-flops, Conversion of flip-flops, sequence detector. 4(L)

UNIT 4: COUNTERS AND REGISTERS: Design of synchronous and ripple counters, Mod-k or
Divide-by-k counters, decade counter, BCD counter, Up/Down counters, lock out problem, design
with state equations, shift register, serial to parallel converter, parallel to serial converter, ring
counters,twisted-ring counter, sequence Generator 6(L)

UNIT 5: TIMING CIRCUITS and LOGIC FAMILIES: Multivibrators, characteristics of digital ICs,
9
 DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS logic and CMOS logic calculation of noise margins and fan-out 5(L)

Text Book:
 M. Morris Mano, Digital Design, Third Edition, Prentice Hall.

Reference Books:
 Taub and Schilling, Digital Integrated Electronics, McGraw HILL
 R. P. Jain, Modern Digital Electronics, Third Edition, TMH.
 Richard S. Sandige, Digital concepts using standard ICs, J. Williams Book Co.
 R. J. Tocci, Digital Systems: Principles and Applications, Fourth Edition, Prentice Hall.

DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB

Course outcomes:
On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to:

 Understand the basics of digital logic design.

 Be familiar with the practical implementation of combinational/ sequential digital systems.
 Analyze and synthesize digital circuits using finite state machines.
 Implementation of combinational/ sequential logic using virtual system modelling/VHDL

Experiment 1: Verification of operation of Full Adder and Full Subtractor.

Experiment 2: Design & verification of 4-bit binary adder/subtractor using binary adder IC.
Experiment 3: Realization of operation of full adder and full subtractor using IC 74151/74153 MUX.
Experiment 4: Design & verification of full adder and full subtractor using an inverted output 3-to-8-line
decoder.
Experiment 5: Design and verification of operation of a BCD Adder using IC 7483.
Experiment 6: Realization of 4 X 1 Multiplexer using basic gates.
Experiment 7: Verification of operation of BCD to Seven segment code conversion using IC 7447.
Experiment 8: Verification of Truth Tables of SR Flip flop, D Flip flop, Master Slave JK Flip-Flop.
Experiment 9: Design of MOD-8 Up/Down synchronous counter, BCD ripple counter and Universal
Shift Register.
Experiment 10: Design of a sequential circuit from a given state diagram.
Experiment 11: Design and verification of Astable and Monostable Multivibrators using IC 555.
Experiment 12: Implementation of basic Combinational and sequential circuits
(a) Using VSM (Virtual System Modelling) (b) Using VHDL

10
 ELECTRONICS WORKSHOP AND MANUFACTURING PROCESS (ECN-11103)

Course outcomes:
On successful completion of the course in theory and practical approach students will be able to:
 Have a basic understanding of the electronic components, ICs.
 Have an understanding of the use of electronic devices
 Understand, the process of soldering and securing the components on PCB
 Familiarize with 3-D printer and its uses 
 Familiarize with the use spectrum analyzer and signal generator
 Familiarize with software tools used in circuit implementation
 Familiarize with semiconductor device manufacturing process 

THEORY:

UNIT 1: Basics of CRO, DSO, Function Generator, Multimeter, Bread Board, Power Supply. Active and Passive
Components, Types of ICs and Their uses [4]

UNIT 2: Introduction to soldering process, types of soldering. [1]

UNIT 3: Regulated DC power supply and its uses. [1]

UNIT 4: Introduction to advanced electronic devices like Spectrum Analyzer, Signal Generator. [2]

UNIT 5: Introduction to 3-D Printer and its uses [2]

UNIT 6: Introduction to semiconductor manufacturing process. [2]

LAB:

Experiment 1: Familiarization with Multimeter, Power Supply, Bread Board, Function Generator

Experiment 2: Use of DSO as measuring device and its functionalities

Experiment 3: Identification of Active and Passive components and their testing using Multimeter and
DSO
Experiment 4: Soldering of components on PCB and their functionality testing on DSO

Experiment 5: Design and Implementation of Full wave Rectifier on PCB

Experiment 6: Design and Implementation of Regulated DC Power Supply on PCB

Experiment 7: Familiarization with Spectrum Analyzer and Signal Generator

Experiment 8: Study and familiarization of electronic 3-D Printer

Experiment 9: Familiarization with Verilog software for circuit implementation.

Experiment 10: Familiarization with Semiconductor Device Manufacturing Processes

11
 Courses offered by ECED in Second Semester B Tech ECE

Course Code Course name L T P Credit

ECN-12401 Principles of Electronics Engineering 2 0 2 3
ECN-12101 Principles of Communication Engineering 2 0 2 3
ECN-12102 CAD for Electronics 1 0 2 2

PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING (ECN-12401)

Course Outcomes:

On successful completion of the course students will be able:

 To understand the basics of PN junction diode and its applications in electronic circuit design.
 To introduce different special purpose diode devices.
 To introduce the basics of transistor devices, characteristics, and its applications.
 To understand the operation of BJTs at low frequency.
 To have a thorough understanding of the concepts and design of different combinational
logiccircuits.
 To understand and investigate the fundamental concepts of sequential logic circuits.

UNIT 1: Transport Phenomenon in Semiconductor: Crystal Properties and charge Carriers in

Semiconductors, Elemental and compound semiconductor materials, crystal lattice structure, Bonding
forces, band theory, energy bands in solids, Intrinsic and Extrinsic semiconductors, charge carriers in
semiconductors, carrier concentrations, drift of carriers in electric and magnetic fields.
4(L)
UNIT 2: Diodes- Introduction to pn diode and its applications as rectifier, rectifier as DC Power
Supply, Clamper, Clipper, Voltage multiplier etc., Zener diode and its applications as regulator,
Operation and characteristics of Varactor diode, Tunnel diode, LED, Photo diode, and Schottky diodes
etc. 5(L)

UNIT 3: Transistors- Junction Transistor, transistor current components, Transistor as an amplifier,

transistor construction, CB, CE, CC Configurations, analytical expressions for transistor
characteristics, maximum voltage rating, phototransistor, biasing of bipolar junction transistors.
Introduction of JFET, MOSFET & its operation. Practical application circuits. 6(L)

UNIT 4: Combinational Logic: Introduction, Design Procedure, Adders, Subtractors, Code

Converters, Magnitude Comparator, BCD to Seven Segment decoder, Parity generator and Checker,
Decoders, Encoders, M u l t i p l e x e r s, Demultiplexers, ROMs, Design of the circuits using Decoders,
Multiplexers, ROMs. 5(L)

UNIT 5: Sequential Logic: Introduction, Flip-Flops, Flip-Flop Excitation Tables, Triggering of Flip-
Flops, Analysis of Clocked Sequential C ircuit s, State Reduction and Assignment, Race
Around Condition, Master-Slave f l i p-flops, Conversion design of flip-flops, sequence detector.
4(L)

Text/ Reference Books:

 Electronic devices and circuit theory by Robert Boylested and Louis Nashelsky
 Electronics Devices and Circuits by Millman & Halkias
 Digital design by Morris Mano
 Modern Digital Electronics by R. P. Jain
 Taub and Schilling: Digital Integrated Electronics, McGraw HILL
12
  Richard S. Sandige: Digital concept using standard ICs
 R. J. Tocci: Digital Systems: Principles and Applications, Fourth Edition, Prentice Hall

PRINCIPLE OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING LAB

Experiment 1: Familiarization to basic test and measuring instruments like Cathode Ray
Oscilloscope(CRO), Function Generator, Power supply, Breadboard etc.

Experiment 2: To measure the frequency and amplitude of various waveforms using CRO.

Experiment 3: To verify the truth tables of different logic gates by using ICs and implement different
logic gates using IC 7400.

Experiment 4: To study the pn junction diode characteristics under forward and reverse bias conditions.

Experiment 5: To study the application of a Zener diode as voltage regulator.

Experiment 6: To determine the ripple factor of Half-Wave and Full-wave (Bridge) rectifiers.

Experiment 7: To observe the clipping wave forms in different clipping configurations.

Experiment 8: To observe the clamping wave forms in different clamping configurations.

Experiment 9: To determine the CE (Common Emitter) characteristics of a given BJT.

Experiment 10: Verification of operation of Full Adder and Full Subtractor.

Experiment11: Design & verification of 4-bit binary adder/subtractor using binary adder IC.

Experiment 12: Realization of operation of full adder and full subtractor using IC 74151/74153 MUX.

PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING (ECN-12101)

Course Outcomes:
On successful completion of the course students will be able to:
• Understand the basic concepts of signals and random variables
• Understand the basic concepts of various AM modulators and demodulators.
• Understand the basic concepts of various FM and PM modulators and demodulators.
• Learn the working and application of Radio receivers.
• Understand the performance of Communication Systems in presence of Noise.
• Understand Sampling and various types of pulse modulation.

UNIT 1: Review of Signal Representations, Frequency domain analysis of signals using Fourier Transforms,
Random Variables, PSD, PDF, CDF, Different types of PDFs, Gaussian, Rayleigh PDF, Random Processes,
Auto-correlation function, Introduction to Communication systems, guided and unguided transmission
media, radio frequency spectrum, Concept of bandwidth, Mathematical models for communication channels,
Linear filter channel, Linear time-invariant channel 8(L)

UNIT 2: Amplitude modulation and demodulation: DSB- A M S S B - A M , V S B - A M , Quadrature Carrier

multiplexing, and FDM. 5(L)

UNIT 3: Modulation and demodulation of FM, NBFM, WBFM, and Phase lock loop. 3(L)
13
UNIT 4: Radio receivers: Super-heterodyne receiver Sensitivity and selectivity, selection of IF, Communication
Receiver. 2(L)

UNIT 5: Noise in Communication Systems: S/N ratio, noise Equivalent bandwidth, Noise performance of AM
and FM systems under AWGN 3(L)

UNIT 6: Sampling Theorem, Quantization Process, PCM, Applications of AM, FM, PAM, PWM 3(L)

Text/ Reference Books:

 Communication System Engineering – John G Proakis
 Communication Systems- Simon Haykin, Wiley Publication, 5th edition, 2009
 Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems- B.P. Lathi, 3rd edition, Oxford
UniversityPress, 1998.
 Contemporary Communication Systems using MATLAB- John G Proakis

PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING LAB

Experiment 1: To implement Amplitude Modulation (AM), Demodulation and calculate the modulation index.

Experiment 2: To implement Frequency Modulation (FM) uses IC 2206 and Demodulation using IC 565.

Experiment 3: To implement analog pulse Amplitude Modulation and Demodulation

Experiment 4: Pulse Position Modulation and Demodulation

Experiment 5: To implement Phase Locked Loop (PLL) and find out the lock range and capture range.

Experiment 6: To study and observe frequency response of Low-pass, High-pass, Band-pass and Notch filter
using Spectrum Analyzer.

Experiment 7: To Implement AM using MATLAB/ System View.

Experiment 8: To Implement FM using MATLAB/ System View.

Experiment 9: To Design transmitter (AM and FM) using MATLAB/ System View.

Experiment 10: To design receiver (AM and FM) using MATLAB/ System View.

CAD FOR ELECTRONICS (ECN-12102)

Theory Contents:

UNIT 1: PSpice overview, Symbols and Conventions, Basic Analyses, DC Sweep and other DC Calculations,
AC Sweep [3]

UNIT 2: Analyzing waveforms with PSpice, PSpice Stimulus Editor, PSpice Model Editor [2]

UNIT 3: Files needed for Simulations, Netlist File, Circuit File, Model Library, Stimulus File, Include File,
Wave Form Data File, PSpice Output File [3]

14
UNIT 4: Simulation Examples, Example Circuit Creations, Preparing Design for Simulations, Creating Parts
for Modeling, Creating and Editing Models [4]

CAD FOR ELECTRONICS LAB

1. (a)Transient Analysis of BJT inverter using step input. (b)DC Analysis (VTC) of BJT inverter

2. To verify the Characteristics of Low Pass and High Pass filters

3. Verification of Half Wave and Full Wave Rectifier

4. To verify the characteristics of Basic Logic Gates

5. Implementation of XOR gate using NOR gate

6. To verify the Characteristics of CE Amplifier

7. Synthesis and Simulation of Full Adder

8. Synthesis and Simulation of Full Subtractor

9. Synthesis and Simulation of 3 X 8 Decoder

10. Synthesis and Simulation of 8 X 1 Multiplexer

11. Synthesis and simulation of Comparator

12. Analysis OPAMP based low pass filter and High Pass Filter

15
 Courses offered by ECED in Third Semester B Tech ECE
Course Code Course name L T P Credit
ECN-13101 Electromagnetic Theory 3 0 0 3
ECN-13102 Signals and Systems 3 0 0 3
CS-13101 Data Structures and Operating Systems* 3 0 2 4
EE-13111 Networks and Systems 3 0 0 3
ECN-13103 Microprocessor and Its Applications* 3 0 2 4
ECN-13104 Solid State Devices and Circuits* 3 0 2 4
HS-XXXXX Business Economics 3 0 0 3
Extra Academic Activity-B-II 0 0 4 2
Total 21 0 10 26

* Theory and Lab Course

ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY (ECN-13101)

Course Outcomes:
On successful completion of the course students will be able to:

 Identify different coordinate systems and their applications in solving the problems of
electromagnetic field theory as well as explain the concept of static electric and
magneticfield
 Learn the fundamental laws governing time varying electromagnetic fields
 Learn Electromagnetic wave propagation in different media and wave polarization
 Understand the different parameter of transmission line, concept of impedance
matching,graphical approach to solve the problem of transmission line
 Learn the concept of waveguide, its classification and respective modes of propagation.

UNIT 1: Introduction- Review of Physical interpretation of gradient, divergence and curl, Divergence
and Stokes theorem, Different coordinate systems. Electrostatic fields and magneto static fields. 4(L)

UNIT 2: TIME VARYING ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS- Continuity equation, Displacement

current, Maxwell’s equations in point form and integral form, Retarded vector potential 4(L)

UNIT 3: PLANE WAVE PROPAGATION- Plain wave equation and its solution in conducting and
non-conducting mediums, Phase velocity, Group velocity, Plane waves in lossy dielectrics,
Propagation in good conductors: skin effect, impedance of conducting medium, Poynting Vector,
Poynting theorem and power considerations Polarization, Reflection and Refraction of plain waves at
plain boundaries. 8(L)

UNIT 4: TRANSMISSION LINES- Transmission line equations, parameters- primary and secondary
constants, Analogy of transmission lines, Determination of α, β, γ and vp, characteristics impedance,
Input impedance of a lossless line, open and short-circuited lines, distortion-less lines, reflection
coefficient and standing wave ratio, matched transmission line, Impedance matching, Smith-chart and
its applications. 8(L)

UNIT 5: WAVEGUIDES- Rectangular waveguide, Circular Waveguides. Solution of wave equation

in rectangular and cylindrical co-ordinates, Derivation of field equations for TE & TM modes,
degenerate and dominant mode, Power Transmission and Power loss, Excitation of waveguides,
Introduction to Cavity Resonator and Substrate Integrated Waveguide 8(L)
UNIT 6: COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS- Method of Moments, Finite element
method (FEM), Finite difference time domain method (FDTD) and Asymptotic Methods {Uniform
theory of Diffraction (UTD) and Geometric Theory of Diffraction (GTD)}, Hybrid Methods 4(L)

16
 Text/ Reference Books:
 Matthew N.O. Sadiku ‘Elements of Electromagnetics’ Oxford University Press, 6 th Edition, 2015
 Kraus J.D, “Electromagnetics” Tata Mc Graw Hill, 5th Edition, 2012
 Jordan E.C. and Balmain K.G., “Electromagnetic waves and Radiating Systems” PHI, 2nd Edition,
2015
 Samuel Y. Liao “Microwave Devices and Circuits” PHI, 3rd Edition, 2005
 X.Q. Sheng and W. Song “Essentials of Computational Electromagnetics” John Wiley & Sons,
First Edition, 2012

SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS (ECN-13102)

Course outcomes:
On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to:

 Understand the mathematical description and representation of various types of signals –

continuous-time and discrete-time. Classify systems based on their properties.
 Analyze the spectral characteristics of continuous-time/discrete-time periodic and aperiodic
signals using Fourier analysis.
 Analyze system properties based on impulse response and Fourier analysis.
 Apply the Laplace transform for the analysis of continuous-time signals. Understand the
concept of Z-transform for discrete-time signals.
 Convert a continuous-time signal into discrete-time signal and reconstruct the continuous-time
signal back from its samples.

UNIT 1: SIGNALS AND THEIR REPRESENTATION: Analogy between vectors and signals,
continuous-time and discrete-time signals: energy and power signals, periodic and aperiodic signals, even
and odd signals, exponential and sinusoidal signals etc., transformations of the independent variable,
concepts of unit impulse and unit sample signals, signum function.
SYSTEMS: Continuous-time and discrete-time systems, basic system properties. 6(L)

UNIT 2: LINEAR TIME-INVARIANT (LTI) SYSTEMS: Continuous and discrete-time LTI systems,
convolution sum, convolution Integral, properties of LTI systems, stability and causality, causal LTI
systems described by difference equations, singularity functions. 6(L)

UNIT 3: FOURIER SERIES REPRESENTATION OF PERIODIC SIGNALS: Continuous-time and

discrete- time signals and their Fourier series representation, properties of Fourier series, Dirichlet’s
conditions, complex Fourier spectrum. 6(L)

UNIT 4: REPRESENTATION OF APERIODIC SIGNALS BY FOURIER TRANSFORMS:

Continuous-time and discrete-time signals and their Fourier transforms, Fourier transforms of periodic
signals and standard signals, properties of Fourier Transforms, systems characterized by linear constant
coefficient differential equations and difference equations. 6(L)

UNIT 5: LAPLACE TRANSFORMS AND Z-TRANSFORMS: Introduction to Laplace transform and

Region of Convergence (ROC), Inverse Laplace transform, properties of Laplace transform. Analysis and
characterization of LTI systems using Laplace transform. Introduction to Z-transform, definition, ROC,
properties of ROC, relationship between Z-transform and Fourier transform, properties of Z-transform.
8(L)

UNIT 6: SAMPLING: Representation of continuous-time signals by its samples, Sampling theorem,

impulse train sampling, sampling with Zero Order Hold (ZOH), natural and flat top sampling,
reconstruction of signal from its samples using interpolation, effect of under sampling – aliasing, sampling
of band pass signals. 4(L)
17
 Text Books:
 A. V. Oppenheim, A. S Willsky and S. H. Nawab, Signals and Systems, Prentice-Hall,
Englewood Cliffs.
 Michel J. Robert, Fundamentals of Signals and Systems, MGH International Edition, 2008.

Reference Books:
 Simon Haykin and Van Veen, Signals and Systems, Wiley, 2nd Edition.
 M. Mandal and A. Asif, Continuous and Discrete Signals and Systems, Cambridge, 2007.

MICROPROCESSORS AND ITS APPLICATIONS (ECN-13103)

Course Outcomes:
On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to:

 To understand architectural features of microprocessors.

 To understand assembly language programming of microprocessors.
 To understand interfacing of I/O devices with microprocessors.
 To understand and design microprocessors-based system.

UNIT 1: ARCHITECTURE OF A 16-BIT MICROPROCESSOR: Programming model of 8086, BIU,

EU, segment-offset addressing, addressing modes, instructions and assembler directives, string
Operations. 8(L)

UNIT 2: CPU MO DULE: Pi n descript ion, bus organization and timing, buffered and non-buffered
operation, minimum & maximum mode of operation, 8288 bus controller, physical memory organization
and interfacing. 7(L)

UNIT 3: INTERR UPT HANDLING: Interrupt vector table, the IRET instruction, writing ISRs,
interrupts due to errors, interfacing priority interrupt controller 8259 and its programming. 7(L)

UNIT 4: INTERFACING EXTERNAL DEVICES: Memory interfacing, Programmable peripheral

interface (8255), Programmable Interval Timer (8253/8254) and operating modes, Interfacing A/D and
D/A converters and measurement of physical & electrical quantities, basic DMA operations and timings,
8237 programmable DMA controller and its interfacing. 9(L)

UNIT 5: INTRODUCTION TO PENTIUM: Introduction to Pentium and Pentium pro processors, cache
structure, superscalar architecture, introduction to Core 2 microprocessors. 5(L)

Text Books:
 Douglas V. Hal, Microprocessors and Interfacing, 3/e, McGraw hill.

Reference Books:
 Barry B. Brey, The Intel Microprocessors 8086/8088, 80186/80188, 80286, 80386, Pentium,
Pentium Pro Processor, Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium 4 and Core 2 with 64-bit Extensions,
8/e, Pearson Education.
 Liu and Gibson, Microcomputer Systems: The 8086/8088 family, 2/e, PHI.
 K Bhurchandi, A. K. Ray, Advanced Microprocessor and Peripherals, 3/e, McGraw hill.

18
 MICROPROCESSORS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LAB

Outcomes:
On successful completion of the experiments in this lab, the students will be able to:

 To understand the organization of microprocessor trainer kits.

 To execute assembly language programming on the trainer kit.
 To verify operation of I/O interfacing devices.

Experiment 1: Familiarization with kit:

Decoding, storing and executing programs in trainer kit: Register addition, Indirect subtraction and Immediate
Add with Carry.

Experiment 2: Write a program to Add/ Subtract two BCD numbers stored in memory.

Experiment 3: Write a program to find out smallest/largest data from a table.

Experiment 4: Write a program to find out

(a) Sort out a table in ascending/descending order.
(b) Search a data from a given table.

Experiment 5: By using a Lookup Table stored in memory, write a program to find out
(a) ASCII code of a hexadecimal integer from a look table.
(b) Hexadecimal integer corresponding to given ASCII code.

Experiment 6: Write a program to multiply and divide two 8-bit numbers; result may be 16-bits.

Experiment 7: Study and verification of interrupts.

Interfacing Experiments:

Experiment 8: Study and verification of Mode 0 operation and BSR mode operation of 8255.

Experiment 9: Study and verification of various operating modes of PIT 8253/8254.

Experiment 10: Study and verification of various operating modes of Priority Interrupt Controller 8259.

SOLID STATE DEVICES AND CIRCUITS (ECN-13104)

Course Outcomes:
On successful completion of the course students will be able:
 To understand the concept of band theory in solid crystals.
 To introduce basics of BJT biasing and thermal stability.
 To understand the operation of BJTs at high frequency.
 To understand the basics of Field Effect Transistors and their analysis at low and high
frequencies.
 To understand the concept of Feedback Amplifier.
 To introduce the concept of oscillators and its type.
 To acquire basic knowledge of power amplifier.

UNIT 1: Bipolar Junction Transistor: Transistor switching characteristics, small signal low frequency
transistor hybrid model, simplified hybrid model, breakdown in Transistors, Ebers- Moll transistor equations,
Analysis of transistor cutoff and saturation regions, Review of Biasing and Thermal Stability, effect of Ce and
Cc on low frequency and high frequency response, High frequency model of a transistor-hybrid pi model.10(L)
19
UNIT 2: MOSFET: Review of device structure operation and V-I characteristics. Introduction of MOSFET,
CMOS and BiCMOS. MOS CV Characteristic, MOSFET as an Amplifier and switch, Biasing of MOSFET
amplifier circuits, small -signal operation and models, single stage MOSFET amplifier, CS, CD and CG
amplifiers, MOSFET internal capacitances and high frequency model, frequency response of CS amplifier, large
signal analysis. 10(L)

UNIT 3: Feedback amplifiers: Classification of amplifiers, Concept of feedback, transfer gain with
feedback, General characteristics of negative feedback amplifiers, Effect of feedback on amplifier
characteristics, Method of analysis of a feedback amplifier using BJT/MOSFET, Voltage -Series feedback,
Current-Series feedback, Current-Shunt feedback, Voltage-Shunt feedback. 8(L)

UNIT 4: Oscillators: Basic principles of sinusoidal oscillators, Phase Shift oscillators, Resonant -Circuit
oscillators, General f o r m of an oscillator c i r c ui t (Hartley and Colpitts oscillators), Wien-bridge oscillator,
Crystal oscillators, Frequency Stability. 4(L)

UNIT 6: Power amplifiers: Classification of power amplifiers, class A, AB, B and C power amplifiers and
their efficiency, push-pull and complimentary Symmetry amplifiers. 4(L)

Text/ Reference Books:

 Electronic circuits: Discrete and Integrated by D. L. Schilling, Charles Belove.
 Microelectronic Circuits by A. S. Sedra and K. C. Smith.
 Integrated Electronics by J. Milliman and C. C. Halkias
 Microelectronics by J. Milliman and A. Grabel

SOLID STATE DEVICES AND CIRCUITS LAB

Experiment 1: To determine the quiescent operating conditions of fixed and self -biased BJT Configurations

Experiment 2: Measurement of h-parameters of a BJT in CB, CE and CC configurations

Experiment 3: To plot the drain and transfer characteristics of a given FET and find the drain resistance,
amplification factor and transconductance.

Experiment 4: To study the frequency response of an RC coupled amplifier and compute its bandwidth.

Experiment 5: To study the frequency response of a CC amplifier and compute its bandwidth

Experiment 6: To study the frequency response of a CS FET amplifier and compute its bandwidth

Experiment 7: To find the Gain and Bandwidth of a voltage series feedback amplifier.

Experiment 8: Design a current series feedback amplifier of given Gain and Bandwidth.

Experiment 9: Design RC-phase shift and Wien-Bridge oscillators of given frequency and amplitude.

Experiment 10: Study of Power amplifiers a) Class A power amplifier b) Class B complementary
symmetry power amplifier

20
 Courses offered by ECED in Fourth Semester ECE

Course Code Course name L T P Credit

ECN-14101 VLSI Technology 3 0 0 3
ECN-14102 Digital Communication* 3 0 2 4
EE-14111 Automatic Control Systems* 3 0 2 4
ECN-14103 Antenna and Wave Propagation 3 0 0 3
ECN-14104 Microcontrollers and Embedded Systems* 3 0 2 4
HS-XXXXX Management Concepts and Applications 3 0 0 3
Extra Academic Activity-B-II 0 0 4 2
Total 18 0 10 23

* Theory and Lab Course

VLSI TECHNOLOGY (ECN-14101)

Course Outcome:
On successful completion of the course students will be able to:
 Identify the various design limits material used for fabrication.
 Describe the Performance of technology scaling.
 Understand the complexities involved in the integrated circuits fabrication.
 Plan a sequence of processing steps to fabricate a solid-state device to meet geometric, electrical
and/or processing parameters.
 Understand and design solid state devices by keeping technological process constraints in mind.
 Understand the relevance of a process or device, either proposed, past or existing, to current
manufacturing practices.

UNIT 1: Introduction to VLSI Technology: Classification of ICs, features of ICs, monolithic and hybrid ICs.
Crystal Growth and Wafer Preparation: silicon crystal growth from the melt, GaAs crystal growth
techniques, crystal orientations, various defects in crystal, wafer preparation and wafer specifications. 6(L)

UNIT 2: Epitaxy: Epitaxy and its concepts, growth kinetics of epitaxy, vapor phase epitaxy, molecular beam
epitaxy, silicon on insulator epitaxy. Advanced epitaxial methods. 8(L)
Oxidation: Theory of growth of silicon dioxide layer, calculation of SiO2 thickness and oxidation kinetics, dry,
wet and high-pressure oxidation, plasma oxidation, properties of oxidation, defects induced due to oxidation.

UNIT 3: Lithography- Photolithography and pattern transfer, optical and electron photolithography, X-ray and
ion- beam lithography, photo-resist, types of photo-resists, Etching- dry & wet etching, basic regimes of plasma
etching, reactive ion etching and its damages, sputter etching, merits and demerits of etching. 8(L)

UNIT 4: Diffusion Process- Diffusion models of solid, ficks theory of diffusion, diffusivities, measurement
techniques, diffusion in polycrystalline silicon and silicon dioxide.
Ion implantation- Implantation equipment, high energy implantation, scattering phenomenon, range of
implanted ions, implantation damage, annealing.
Metallization- Metallization applications, metallization choices, physical vapor deposition, patterning &
problems in metallization. 9(L)

UNIT 5: Process Modelling &Simulation- Need and importance of semiconductor device simulators,
understanding of Poisson’s and continuity equation for semiconductor device simulation, key elements of
physical device simulation, second order effects, introduction to simulation tools. 5(L)

Text/Reference Books:
 VLSI Technology – S M Sze, McGraw Hill, 2nd Ed.
21
  VLSI Fabrication Principles – S.K Gandhi, Wiley, 2nd Ed.
 The Science & Engineering of Microelectronic Fabrication – Stephen A Campbell, 2nd Oxford
University Press.

DIGITAL COMMUNICATION (ECN-14102)

Course Outcomes:
On successful completion of the course students will be able to:

 Understand the concepts of digital communication systems.

 Learn the basic concepts of random processes that are involved in communication systems
 Understand the concepts of baseband data transmission
 Understand the representation of signals in vector spaces
 Understand the concepts of passband data transmission
 Understand the information theory, channel capacity
 Learn different types error control coding schemes and their implications

UNIT 1: Review of Random Processes, Introduction to digital communication systems, Principles of digital
data transmission. 3(L)

UNIT 2: Baseband data transmission systems, Matched Filter, Error probability due to noise, ISI, pulse shaping,
Correlative-Level coding, Baseband M-ary Transmission and Line codes, Equalization, Geometric
Representation of Signals, Gram-Schmitt orthogonalization Procedure, Conversion of the continuous AWGN
Channel into Vector channel, Correlation Receiver , Probability of Error, Union Bound on Probability of Error.
9(L)
UNIT 3: Digital modulation schemes, ASK, PSK, QPSK, DPSK, M-ary PSK, FSK, MSK, Phase Trellis to
represent Message Sequence in MSK, GMSK and QAM systems, Matched Filter and Correlator equivalence,
Signal-space representation of each Digital Modulation schemes, Probability of error in AWGN. 10(L)

UNIT 4: Information and channel capacity, Entropy, Discrete and Continuous channels, BSC, Source coding
theorem, Shannon Fano and Huffman’s coding, Lempel-Ziv Source coding, Rate Distortion Theory, Differential
Entropy, Rate distortion Function, Shannon’s Channel Capacity theorem, Trading bandwidth for S/N etc.
Shannon’s limit. Performance of digital communication system. 8(L)

UNIT 5: Error control coding, Linear block codes, Cyclic codes, Convolution codes, Code generation and
detection methods 4(L)

UNIT 6: Digital Link Design, Modern applications of Digital Communications 2(L)

Text/Reference Books:
 Communication Systems, 5th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2009– Simon Haykin
 Digital Communications, 5th Edition, McGraw Hill Publication,2008 – John G. Proakis, Masoud
Salehi
 Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems”, 3rd edition, Oxford University Press,
1998- B.P. Lathi
 B. Sklar, Digital Communications: Fundamentals & Applications, 2nd ed., Prentice Hall, 2001.

22
DIGITAL COMMUNICATION LAB

Experiments to be implemented on Bread Board:

Experiment 1: To implement Binary Amplitude Shift Keying (BASK) modulation and demodulation

Experiment 2: To implement Binary Frequency Shift Keying (BFSK) modulation and demodulation

Experiment 3: To implement Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) modulation and demodulation

Experiment 4: To study and implement Digital Phase Detector and to detect the phase difference between two
sinusoidal waves.

Experiments to be implemented on MATLAB/ SYSTEMVIEW:

Experiment 5: BER Performance of BASK in AWGN

Experiment 6: BER Performance of BFSK in AWGN

Experiment 7: BER Performance of BPSK in AWGN

Experiment 8: DVB-S.2 Link including LDPC Coding in MATLAB Simulink

Experiment 9: To generate a bit error rate versus Eb/No curve for a link that uses 16-QAM modulation and a
rate 2/3 convolutional code in AWGN

Experiment 10: Transmit and receive standard and shortened RS-encoded, 64-QAM-modulated data through
an AWGN channel. Compare the performance of the standard and shortened codes.

ANTENNA AND WAVE PROPAGATION (ECN-14103)

Course Outcomes:
On successful completion of the course students will be able to:

• Learn the basic parameters of an antenna and its radiation mechanism

• Understand the design and analyze of various wire antenna, and antenna arrays
• Understand the design and analyze of various broadband and planar antennas
• Learn the concept of aperture as well as high gain reflector antennas
• Express the basic concepts of ground, space, sky wave propagation mechanism

UNIT 1: Electromagnetic Radiation and Antenna Fundamentals- Review of Maxwell’s equations: Retarded
vector potential, Solution of wave equation in retarded case, Concept of radiation, Antenna equivalent circuits,
Antenna characteristics: Radiation pattern, Beam solid angle, Radiation intensity, Directivity, Gain, Input
impedance, Polarization, Bandwidth, Effective aperture, Antenna effective height, Antenna temperature. 6(L)

UNIT 2: Wire Antenna and Antenna Arrays-Wire antennas: Hertzian dipole, short dipole, Radiation resistance
and Directivity, Half wave Dipole, Monopole, Small loop antennas. Antenna Arrays: Linear Array and Pattern
Multiplication, Two-element Array, Uniform Array, Array with non-uniform Excitation, Binomial Array. 6(L)

UNIT 3: Special and Broad band Antennas-Special Antennas: Long wire, V and Rhombic Antenna, Yagi-Uda
Antenna, Turnstile Antenna, Helical Antenna- Axial and Normal mode helix, Bi- conical Antenna, Frequency
Independent Antenna, Log periodic Dipole Array, Spiral Antenna, Microstrip. 6(L)

UNIT 4: Aperture Antennas- Aperture Antennas: Slot antenna, Horn Antenna, Pyramidal Horn Antenna,
Reflector Antenna- Flat reflector, Corner Reflector, Common curved reflector shapes, parabolic reflector, Lens
Antenna, Patch Antennas. 6(L)

23
UNIT 5: Radio Wave Propagation- Ground Wave Propagation, Free-space Propagation, Ground Reflection,
Surface waves, Diffraction, Wave propagation in complex Environments, Tropospheric Propagation, Space
waves, Ionosphere propagation: Structure of ionosphere, Skywaves, Skip distance, Virtual height, Critical
frequency, MUF, Electrical properties of ionosphere, Effects of earth’s magnetic fields, Faraday rotation. 6(L)

UNIT 6: Modern Antennas- Phase Array Antennas, Smart Antennas for Mobile Communication, MIMO
Antennas for 5G Communication System, Reconfigurable Antenna 6(L)

Text/Reference Books:
 John D. Kraus, “Antenna and Wave Propagation”, Tata McGraw-Hill, 5th Edition, 2017
 Balanis, C.A., “Antenna Theory and Design”, 4th Ed., John Wiley & Sons., 2021
 Stutzman, W.L. and Thiele, H.A., “Antenna Theory and Design”, 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons.,
2012
 E.C. Jordan and Balmain, “Electromagnetic waves and Radiating Systems”, Pearson Education,
2nd Edition, 2015

Microcontrollers and Embedded Systems (ECN-14104)

Course Outcomes:
On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to:

 Learn & understand required features and design parameters of Embedded Systems.
 Understand architectural features of AVR microcontrollers and development of application programs in C.
 Understand interfacing of I/O devices with microcontrollers.
 Understand and design small scale embedded system.

UNIT 1: Introduction, categorization of Embedded systems, exemplary systems, selection of processor and memory for
Embedded system. 4(L)

UNIT 2: Evolution of AVR family versions and features, AVR architecture, data types, stack, introduction to assembly
language, AVR programming in C. 8(L)

UNIT 3: AVR (ATmega32) I/O ports and their configuration, introduction to timer/counter operation, AVR timer
programming in C, interrupts in AVR, ATmega32 programming in C, AVR serial port, programming ATmega32 serial
port in C, interrupt driven data transfer through serial port of ATmega32. 8(L)

UNIT 4: ADC, DAC and sensor interfacing in AVR, PWM programming, DC motor control, stepper motor interfacing,
RTC interfacing. 8(L)

UNIT 5: Introduction to Arduino UNO R3 (ATmega328P), working with Arduino IDE, configuring digital and analog
pins, introduction to Raspberry Pi 4, uses of Raspberry Pi 4 in word processing, internet browsing etc. 8(L)

Text Books:
 Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Sarmad Naimi, Sepehr Naimi, The AVR Microcontroller and Embedded Systems
using Assembly and C, Pearson Education.

Reference Books:
 Raj Kamal, Embedded System Architecture, Programming and Design, 2nd Ed, Tata McGraw Hill.
 Myke Predko, Handbook of Microcontrollers –Tab Books/McGraw Hill.
 L. B. Das, Embedded Systems: An Integrated Approach, Pearson Education.

24
MICROCONTROLLER AND EMBEDDED SYSTEMS LAB

Outcomes:
On successful completion of the experiments in this Lab, the students will be able to:

 Learn and understand simulation with Verilog.

 Simulate a variety of digital devices.
 Understand Microcontrollers programming.
 Understand and design small scale applications using microcontroller kit.

Experiment 1: Verification of various addressing modes

Experiment 2: Manipulating register banks

Experiment 3: data transfer between internal RAM and code memory.

Experiment 4: Different basic application programs like sorting, code conversion etc.

Experiment 5: Interfacing key boards and displays.

Experiment 6: Interfacing ADC and DAC.

Experiment 7: Interrupt driven serial port communication.

Experiment 8: Mini Project using Arduino.

25