CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

VII SEMESTER BTech IT

LAB MANUAL

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 CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

OBJECTIVES:

The student should be made to:

• Be exposed to tool kits for grid and cloud environment.
• Be familiar with developing web services/Applications in grid framework
• Learn to run virtual machines of different configuration.
• Learn to use Hadoop

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

Course Objective:
• To develop web applications in cloud
• To learn the design and development process involved in creating a cloud based application
• To learn to implement and use parallel programming using Hadoop
Exercises:
1. Install Virtualbox/VMware Workstation with different flavours of linux or windows OS on top
of windows7 or 8.
2. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine created using virtual box and execute Simple
Programs
3. Install Google App Engine. Create hello world app and other simple web applications using
python/java.
4. Use GAE launcher to launch the web applications.
5. Simulate a cloud scenario using CloudSim and run a scheduling algorithm that is not present in
CloudSim.
6. Find a procedure to transfer the files from one virtual machine to another virtual machine.
7. Find a procedure to launch virtual machine using trystack (Online Openstack Demo Version)
8. Install Hadoop single node cluster and run simple applications like wordcount.
Course Outcome:

On completion of this course, the students will be able to:

• Configure various virtualization tools such as Virtual Box, VMware workstation.

• Design and deploy a web application in a PaaS environment.
• Learn how to simulate a cloud environment to implement new schedulers.
• Install and use a generic cloud environment that can be used as a private cloud.
• Manipulate large data sets in a parallel environment.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

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 CLOUD COMPUTING

EX.No:1 Install Virtualbox/VMware Workstation

Aim:
Find procedure to Install Virtualbox/VMware Workstation with different flavours of linux or
windows OS on top of windows7 or 8.

This experiment is to be performed through portal.

PROCEDURE TO INSTALL
Step 1- Download Link
Link for downloading the software is https://www.vmware.com/products/workstation-pro/workstation-
pro-evaluation.html. Download the software for windows. Good thing is that there is no signup process.
Click and download begins. Software is around 541 MB.

Step 2- Download the installer file

It should probably be in the download folder by default, if you have not changed the settings in your
browser. File name should be something like VMware-workstation-full-15.5.1-15018445.exe. This file
name can change depending on the version of the software currently available for download. But for
now, till the next version is available, they will all be VMware Workstation 15 Pro.

Step 3- Locate the downloaded installer file

For demonstration purpose, I have placed the downloaded installer on my desktop. Find the installer on
your system and double click to launch the application.

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 VMware workstation 15 pro for windows 10 installer file screenshot.
Step 4- User Access Control (UAC) Warning
Now you should see User Access Control (UAC) dialog box. Click yes to continue.

VMware Workstation 12 Pro installer windows 10 UAC screenshot

Initial Splash screen will appear. Wait for the process to complete.

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 VMware Workstation 15 Installation Splash Screen
Step 5- VMware Workstation Setup wizard
Now you will see VMware Workstation setup wizard dialog box. Click next to continue.

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 VMware Workstation 15 Installation – Setup Wizard
Step 6- End User Licence Agreement
This time you should see End User Licence Agreement dialog box. Check “I accept the terms in the
Licence Agreement” box and press next to continue.

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 VMware Workstation 15 Installation – End User Licence Agreement
Step 7- Custom Setup options
Select the folder in which you would like to install the application. There is no harm in leaving the
defaults as it is. Also select Enhanced Keyboard Driver check box.

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 VMware Workstation 15 Pro installation – select installation folder
Step 8- User Experience Settings
Next you are asked to select “Check for Updates” and “Help improve VMware Workstation Pro”. Do as
you wish. I normally leave it to defaults that is unchecked.

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 VMware Workstation 15 Installation – User Experience Settings
Step 9- Application Shortcuts preference
Next step is to select the place you want the shortcut icons to be placed on your system to launch the
application. Please select both the options, desktop and start menu and click next.

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 VMware workstation 15 pro installation shortcut selection checkbox screenshot.
Step 10- Installation begins
Now you see the begin installation dialog box. Click install to start the installation process.

Screenshot for VMware Workstation 15 pro installation begin confirmation dialog box on windows 10.
Below screenshot shows Installation in progress. Wait for this to complete.

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 Screenshot for VMware Workstation 15 pro installation process.
At the end you will see installation complete dialog box. Click finish and you are done with the
installation process. You may be asked to restart your computer. Click on Yes to restart.

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 VMware Workstation 15 Installation – Installation Complete
Step 11- Launch VMware Workstation
After the installation completes, you should see VMware Workstation icon on the desktop. Double click
on it to launch the application.

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 Screenshot for VMware Workstation 15 Pro icon on windows 10 desktop.
Step 12- Licence Key
If you see the dialog box asking for licence key, click on trial or enter the licence key. Then what you
have is the VMware Workstation 15 Pro running on your windows 10 desktop. If don’t have the licence
key, you will have 30 days trial.

VMware Workstation 15 Pro home screen

Step 13- At some point if you decide to buy
At some point of time if you decide to buy the Licence key, you can enter the Licence key by going
to Help->Enter a Licence Key
You can enter the 25 character licence key in the dialog box shown below and click OK. Now you have
the licence version of the software.

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 Setting up C Programming Environment

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 Before you start..

! Please note that this is ÒNOTÓ a required part of the

course and is not a homework.

! This manual is written for someone who has never

programmed / never used Linux before.
If you have background knowledge, you can ignore this.

! If you have any questions, please email

Yoonji Shin [email protected]

! DonÕt be scared, programming is fun! Enjoy :)

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 Install VirtualBox
1.Visit http://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/downloads
2. Download VirtualBox platform packages for your OS
3. Open the Installation Package by double clicking
MAC PC

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 Install VirtualBox
4. Click continue and Þnish installing VirtualBox
MAC PC

5. When Þnished installation, close the window.

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 Download Linux
1.Visit the page
http://www.ubuntu.com/download/ubuntu/download
2. Choose the Latest version of Ubuntu and 32-bit
and click ÒStart DownloadÓ

CLICK

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 Install Linux using Virtual Box
1. Run VirtualBox by double-clicking the icon
2. Click ÒNewÓ button on the top left corner
MAC PC

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 Install Linux using Virtual Box
3. Click ÒContinueÓ on the pop-up window
4. Type VM name, select ÒLinuxÓ for the OS and choose
ÒUbuntuÓ for the version.
MAC PC

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 Install Linux using Virtual Box
5. Choose the amount of memory to allocate (I suggest
choosing between 512 MB to 1024 MB)
6. Click Continue or Next
MAC PC

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 Install Linux using Virtual Box
7. Choose create a new virtual hard disk
8. Click Continue or Next

MAC PC

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 Install Linux using Virtual Box
9. Choose VDI (VirtualBox Disk Image)
10. Click Continue or Next

MAC PC

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 Install Linux using Virtual Box
11. Choose ÒDynamically AllocatedÓ click continue.
This way, the size of your Virtual Hard Disk will grow
as you use.
MAC PC

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 Install Linux using Virtual Box
12. Click the folder icon and choose the ubuntu iso
Þle you downloaded.
13. Select the size of the Virtual Disk (I recommend
choosing 8 GB) and click continue
MAC PC

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 Install Linux using Virtual Box
14. Click Create

MAC PC

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 Running Linux
1. Choose Ubuntu from left column and click Start
MAC & PC

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 Running Linux
2. Click continue on pop-up window

MAC PC

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 Running Linux
3. Click the folder icon and choose the ubuntu iso
Þle you downloaded and click continue and start

MAC PC

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 Running Linux
4. Click Install Ubuntu

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 Running Linux
4. Check ÒDownload updatesÓ and click Forward

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 Running Linux
5. Choose ÒErase disk and install UbuntuÓ and click
Forward (DonÕt worry, it wonÕt wipe your computer)

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 Running Linux
6. Click ÒInstall NowÓ and wait. Maybe grab a snack.
7. When Þnished, click Restart and press Enter.

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 C Programming on Linux
1. Open Terminal (Applications-Accessories-Terminal)

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 C Programming on Linux
2. Open gedit by typing Ògedit &Ó on terminal
(You can also use any other Text Editor application)

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 C Programming on Linux
3. Type the following on gedit
(or any other text editor)
#include<stdio.h>

main()
{
printf("Hello World\n");
}

4. Save this Þle as

Òhelloworld.cÓ

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 C Programming on Linux
5. Type ÒlsÓ on Terminal to see all Þles under current folder

6. ConÞrm that Òhelloworld.cÓ is in the current directory.

If not, type cd DIRECTORY_PATH to go to the
directory that has Òhelloworld.cÓ

7. Type Ògcc helloworld.cÓ to compile, and type ÒlsÓ to

conÞrm that a new executable Þle Òa.outÓ is created

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 C Programming on Linux
8. Type Ò./a.outÓ on Terminal to run the program
9. If you see ÒHello WorldÓ on the next line,
you just successfully ran your Þrst C program!
10. Try other codes from ÒA Shotgun Introduction to CÓ
on professor EdwardsÕs webpage.You can also Þnd many
C programing guides online. (just google it!) Enjoy :)

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 Installing  and  Running  the  Google  App  Engine  
On  Windows  
 
 
This  document  describes  the  installation  of  the  Google  App  Engine  Software  
Development  Kit  (SDK)  on  a  Microsoft  Windows  and  running  a  simple  “hello  world”  
application.  
 
The  App  Engine  SDK  allows  you  to  run  Google  App  Engine  Applications  on  your  local  
computer.    It  simulates  the  run-­‐time  environment  of  the  Google  App  Engine  
infrastructure.  
 
Pre-­Requisites:  Python  2.5.4  
 
If  you  don't  already  have  Python  2.5.4  installed  in  your  computer,  download  and  
Install  Python  2.5.4  from:  
 
http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.5.4/
 
Download  and  Install  
 
You  can  download  the  Google  App  Engine  SDK  by  going  to:  
 
http://code.google.com/appengine/downloads.html
 
and  download  the  appropriate  install  package.  
 

 
 
Download  the  Windows  installer  –  the  simplest  thing  is  to  download  it  to  your  
Desktop  or  another  folder  that  you  remember.  
 

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  1  
  
 
Double  Click  on  the  GoogleApplicationEngine  installer.  
 

 
 
Click  through  the  installation  wizard,  and  it  should  install  the  App  Engine.    If  you  do  
not  have  Python  2.5,  it  will  install  Python  2.5  as  well.  
 
Once  the  install  is  complete  you  can  discard  the  downloaded  installer  
 

 
 
 

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  2  
 Making  your  First  Application  
 
Now  you  need  to  create  a  simple  application.      We  could  use  the  “+”  option  to  have  
the  launcher  make  us  an  application  –  but  instead  we  will  do  it  by  hand  to  get  a  
better  sense  of  what  is  going  on.  
 
Make  a  folder  for  your  Google  App  Engine  applications.    I  am  going  to  make  the  
Folder  on  my  Desktop  called  “apps”  –  the  path  to  this  folder  is:  
 
      C:\Documents  and  Settings\csev\Desktop\apps  
 
And  then  make  a  sub-­‐folder  in  within  apps  called  “ae-­01-­trivial”  –  the  path  to  this  
folder  would  be:  
 
C:\  Documents  and  Settings  \csev\Desktop\apps\ae-­01-­trivial  
 
Using  a  text  editor  such  as  JEdit  (www.jedit.org),  create  a  file  called  app.yaml  in  the  
ae-­01-­trivial  folder  with  the  following  contents:  
 
application: ae-01-trivial
version: 1
runtime: python
api_version: 1

handlers:
- url: /.*
script: index.py
 
Note:  Please  do  not  copy  and  paste  these  lines  into  your  text  editor  –  you  might  end  
up  with  strange  characters  –  simply  type  them  into  your  editor.  
 
Then  create  a  file  in  the  ae-­01-­trivial  folder  called  index.py  with  three  lines  in  it:  
 
print 'Content-Type: text/plain'
print ' '
print 'Hello there Chuck'
 
Then  start  the  GoogleAppEngineLauncher  program  that  can  be  found  under  
Applications.      Use  the  File  -­>  Add  Existing  Application  command  and  navigate  
into  the  apps  directory  and  select  the  ae-­01-­trivial  folder.    Once  you  have  added  
the  application,  select  it  so  that  you  can  control  the  application  using  the  launcher.  
 

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  3  
  
 
Once  you  have  selected  your  application  and  press  Run.      After  a  few  moments  your  
application  will  start  and  the  launcher  will  show  a  little  green  icon  next  to  your  
application.    Then  press  Browse  to  open  a  browser  pointing  at  your  application  
which  is  running  at  http://localhost:8080/  
 
Paste  http://localhost:8080  into  your  browser  and  you  should  see  your  
application  as  follows:  
 

 
 
Just  for  fun,  edit  the  index.py  to  change  the  name  “Chuck”  to  your  own  name  and  
press  Refresh  in  the  browser  to  verify  your  updates.  
 
Watching  the  Log  
 
You  can  watch  the  internal  log  of  the  actions  that  the  web  server  is  performing  when  
you  are  interacting  with  your  application  in  the  browser.      Select  your  application  in  
the  Launcher  and  press  the  Logs  button  to  bring  up  a  log  window:  
 

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  4  
  
 
Each  time  you  press  Refresh  in  your  browser  –  you  can  see  it  retrieving  the  output  
with  a  GET  request.    
 
Dealing  With  Errors  
 
With  two  files  to  edit,  there  are  two  general  categories  of  errors  that  you  may  
encounter.    If  you  make  a  mistake  on  the  app.yaml  file,  the  App  Engine  will  not  start  
and  your  launcher  will  show  a  yellow  icon  near  your  application:  
 

 
 
To  get  more  detail  on  what  is  going  wrong,  take  a  look  at  the  log  for  the  application:  
 

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  5  
  
 
In  this  instance  –  the  mistake  is  mis-­‐indenting  the  last  line  in  the  app.yaml  (line  8).  
 
If  you  make  a  syntax  error  in  the  index.py  file,  a  Python  trace  back  error  will  appear  
in  your  browser.      
 

 
 
The  error  you  need  to  see  is  likely  to  be  the  last  few  lines  of  the  output  –  in  this  case  
I  made  a  Python  syntax  error  on  line  one  of  our  one-­‐line  application.  
 
Reference:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_trace  
 
When  you  make  a  mistake  in  the  app.yaml  file  –  you  must  the  fix  the  mistake  and  
attempt  to  start  the  application  again.        
 

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  6  
 If  you  make  a  mistake  in  a  file  like  index.py,  you  can  simply  fix  the  file  and  press  
refresh  in  your  browser  –  there  is  no  need  to  restart  the  server.  
 
Shutting  Down  the  Server  
 
To  shut  down  the  server,  use  the  Launcher,  select  your  application  and  press  the  
Stop  button.  
 
 
This  materials  is  Copyright  All  Rights  Reserved  –  Charles  Severance  
 
Comments  and  questions  to  [email protected]  www.dr-­‐chuck.com  
 

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  7  
 How to use CloudSim in Eclipse
CloudSim is written in Java. The knowledge you need to use CloudSim is basic Java
programming and some basics about cloud computing. Knowledge of programming IDEs such
as Eclipse or NetBeans is also helpful. It is a library and, hence, CloudSim does not have to be
installed. Normally, you can unpack the downloaded package in any directory, add it to the Java
classpath and it is ready to be used. Please verify whether Java is available on your system.
To use CloudSim in Eclipse:
1. Download CloudSim installable files
from https://code.google.com/p/cloudsim/downloads/list and unzip
2. Open Eclipse
3. Create a new Java Project: File -> New
4. Import an unpacked CloudSim project into the new Java Project
5. The first step is to initialise the CloudSim package by initialising the CloudSim library, as
follows:

CloudSim.init(num_user, calendar, trace_flag)

6. Data centres are the resource providers in CloudSim; hence, creation of data centres is a
second step. To create Datacenter, you need the DatacenterCharacteristics object that stores the
properties of a data centre such as architecture, OS, list of machines, allocation policy that covers
the time or spaceshared, the time zone and its price:

Datacenter datacenter9883 = new Datacenter(name, characteristics, new VmAllocationPolicySimple(hostList), st

7. The third step is to create a broker:

DatacenterBroker broker = createBroker();

8. The fourth step is to create one virtual machine unique ID of the VM, userId ID of the VM’s
owner, mips, number Of Pes amount of CPUs, amount of RAM, amount of bandwidth, amount
of storage, virtual machine monitor, and cloudletScheduler policy for cloudlets:

Vm vm = new Vm(vmid, brokerId, mips, pesNumber, ram, bw, size, vmm, new
CloudletSchedulerTimeShared())
9. Submit the VM list to the broker:

broker.submitVmList(vmlist)
10. Create a cloudlet with length, file size, output size, and utilisation model:

Cloudlet cloudlet = new Cloudlet(id, length, pesNumber, fileSize, outputSize, utilizationModel, utilizationModel
11. Submit the cloudlet list to the broker:

broker.submitCloudletList(cloudletList)
12. Start the simulation:

CloudSim.startSimulation()

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 Sample Output from the Existing Example:
Starting CloudSimExample1...
Initialising...
Starting CloudSim version 3.0
Datacenter_0 is starting...
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>null
Broker is starting...
Entities started.
0.0: Broker: Cloud Resource List received with 1 resource(s)
0.0: Broker: Trying to Create VM #0 in Datacenter_0
0.1: Broker: VM #0 has been created in Datacenter #2, Host #0
0.1: Broker: Sending cloudlet 0 to VM #0
400.1: Broker: Cloudlet 0 received
400.1: Broker: All Cloudlets executed. Finishing...
400.1: Broker: Destroying VM #0
Broker is shutting down...
Simulation: No more future events
CloudInformationService: Notify all CloudSim entities for shutting down.
Datacenter_0 is shutting down...
Broker is shutting down...
Simulation completed.
Simulation completed.
========== OUTPUT ==========
Cloudlet ID STATUS Data center ID VM ID Time Start Time Finish Time
0 SUCCESS 2 0 400 0.1 400.1
*****Datacenter: Datacenter_0*****
User id Debt
3 35.6

CloudSimExample1 finished!

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 1. You can copy few (or more) lines with copy & paste mechanism.
For this you need to share clipboard between host OS and guest OS, installing Guest
Addition on both the virtual machines (probably setting bidirectional and restarting them).
You copy from guest OS in the clipboard that is shared with the host OS.
Then you paste from the host OS to the second guest OS.
2. You can enable drag and drop too with the same method (Click on the machine, settings,
general, advanced, drag and drop: set to bidirectional )
3. You can have common Shared Folders on both virtual machines and use one of the
directory shared as buffer to copy.
Installing Guest Additions you have the possibility to set Shared Folders too. As you put a
file in a shared folder from host OS or from guest OS, is immediately visible to the other.
(Keep in mind that can arise some problems for date/time of the files when there are
different clock settings on the different virtual machines).
If you use the same folder shared on more machines you can exchange files directly copying
them in this folder.
4. You can use usual method to copy files between 2 different computer with client-server
application. (e.g. scp with sshd active for linux, winscp... you can get some info about SSH
servers e.g. here)
You need an active server (sshd) on the receiving machine and a client on the sending
machine. Of course you need to have the authorization setted (via password or, better, via
an automatic authentication method).
Note: many Linux/Ubuntu distribution install sshd by default: you can see if it is running
with pgrep sshd from a shell. You can install with sudo apt-get install openssh-server.
5. You can mount part of the file system of a virtual machine via NFS or SSHFS on the
other, or you can share file and directory with Samba.
You may find interesting the article Sharing files between guest and host without
VirtualBox shared folders with detailed step by step instructions.
You should remember that you are dialling with a little network of machines with different
operative systems, and in particular:

• Each virtual machine has its own operative system running on and acts as a physical
machine.
• Each virtual machine is an instance of a program owned by an user in the hosting operative
system and should undergo the restrictions of the user in the hosting OS.
E.g Let we say that Hastur and Meow are users of the hosting machine, but they did not
allow each other to see their directories (no read/write/execute authorization). When each of
them run a virtual machine, for the hosting OS those virtual machine are two normal
programs owned by Hastur and Meow and cannot see the private directory of the other user.
This is a restriction due to the hosting OS. It's easy to overcame it: it's enough to give
authorization to read/write/execute to a directory or to chose a different directory in which
both users can read/write/execute.
• Windows likes mouse and Linux fingers. :-)
I mean I suggest you to enable Drag & drop to be cosy with the Windows machines and
the Shared folders or to be cosy with Linux.
When you will need to be fast with Linux you will feel the need of ssh-keygen and

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 to Generate once SSH Keys to copy files on/from a remote machine without writing
password anymore. In this way it functions bash auto-completion remotely too!

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 OpenStack is an open-source software cloud computing platform. OpenStack is primarily used
for deploying an infrastructure as a service (IaaS) solution like Amazon Web Service (AWS). In
other words, you can make your own AWS by using OpenStack. If you want to try out
OpenStack, TryStack is the easiest and free way to do it.
In order to try OpenStack in TryStack, you must register yourself by joining TryStack Facebook
Group. The acceptance of group needs a couple days because it’s approved manually. After you
have been accepted in the TryStack Group, you can log in TryStack.

TryStack.org Homepage
I assume that you already join to the Facebook Group and login to the dashboard. After you log
in to the TryStack, you will see the Compute Dashboard like:

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 OpenStack Compute Dashboard

Overview: What we will do?

In this post, I will show you how to run an OpenStack instance. The instance will be accessible
through the internet (have a public IP address). The final topology will like:

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 Network topology
As you see from the image above, the instance will be connected to a local network and the local
network will be connected to internet.

Step 1: Create Network

Network? Yes, the network in here is our own local network. So, your instances will be not
mixed up with the others. You can imagine this as your own LAN (Local Area Network) in the
cloud.

1. Go to Network > Networks and then click Create Network.

2. In Network tab, fill Network Name for example internal and then click Next.
3. In Subnet tab,
1. Fill Network Address with appropriate CIDR, for example 192.168.1.0/24. Use private
network CIDR block as the best practice.
2. Select IP Version with appropriate IP version, in this case IPv4.
3. Click Next.
4. In Subnet Details tab, fill DNS Name Servers with 8.8.8.8 (Google DNS) and then
click Create.

Step 2: Create Instance

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 Now, we will create an instance. The instance is a virtual machine in the cloud, like AWS EC2.
You need the instance to connect to the network that we just created in the previous step.

1. Go to Compute > Instances and then click Launch Instance.

2. In Details tab,
1. Fill Instance Name, for example Ubuntu 1.
2. Select Flavor, for example m1.medium.
3. Fill Instance Count with 1.
4. Select Instance Boot Source with Boot from Image.
5. Select Image Name with Ubuntu 14.04 amd64 (243.7 MB) if you want install Ubuntu
14.04 in your virtual machine.
3. In Access & Security tab,
1. Click [+] button of Key Pair to import key pair. This key pair is a public and private key that
we will use to connect to the instance from our machine.
2. In Import Key Pair dialog,
1. Fill Key Pair Name with your machine name (for example Edward-Key).
2. Fill Public Key with your SSH public key (usually is in ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub). See
description in Import Key Pair dialog box for more information. If you are using
Windows, you can use Puttygen to generate key pair.
3. Click Import key pair.
3. In Security Groups, mark/check default.
4. In Networking tab,
1. In Selected Networks, select network that have been created in Step 1, for example internal.
5. Click Launch.
6. If you want to create multiple instances, you can repeat step 1-5. I created one more instance
with instance name Ubuntu 2.

Step 3: Create Router

I guess you already know what router is. In the step 1, we created our network, but it is isolated.
It doesn’t connect to the internet. To make our network has an internet connection, we need a
router that running as the gateway to the internet.

1. Go to Network > Routers and then click Create Router.

2. Fill Router Name for example router1 and then click Create router.
3. Click on your router name link, for example router1, Router Details page.
4. Click Set Gateway button in upper right:
1. Select External networks with external.
2. Then OK.
5. Click Add Interface button.
1. Select Subnet with the network that you have been created in Step 1.
2. Click Add interface.
6. Go to Network > Network Topology. You will see the network topology. In the example, there
are two network, i.e. external and internal, those are bridged by a router. There are
instances those are joined to internal network.

Step 4: Configure Floating IP Address

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 Floating IP address is public IP address. It makes your instance is accessible from the internet.
When you launch your instance, the instance will have a private network IP, but no public IP. In
OpenStack, the public IPs is collected in a pool and managed by admin (in our case is TryStack).
You need to request a public (floating) IP address to be assigned to your instance.
1. Go to Compute > Instance.
2. In one of your instances, click More > Associate Floating IP.
3. In IP Address, click Plus [+].
4. Select Pool to external and then click Allocate IP.
5. Click Associate.
6. Now you will get a public IP, e.g. 8.21.28.120, for your instance.

Step 5: Configure Access & Security

OpenStack has a feature like a firewall. It can whitelist/blacklist your in/out connection. It is
called Security Group.
1. Go to Compute > Access & Security and then open Security Groups tab.
2. In default row, click Manage Rules.
3. Click Add Rule, choose ALL ICMP rule to enable ping into your instance, and then click Add.
4. Click Add Rule, choose HTTP rule to open HTTP port (port 80), and then click Add.
5. Click Add Rule, choose SSH rule to open SSH port (port 22), and then click Add.
6. You can open other ports by creating new rules.

Step 6: SSH to Your Instance

Now, you can SSH your instances to the floating IP address that you got in the step 4. If you are
using Ubuntu image, the SSH user will be ubuntu.

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 Install Hadoop
Step 1: Click here to download the Java 8 Package. Save this file in your
home directory.

Step 2: Extract the Java Tar File.

Command: tar -xvf jdk-8u101-linux-i586.tar.gz

Fig: Hadoop Installation – Extracting Java Files

Step 3: Download the Hadoop 2.7.3 Package.

Command: wget https://archive.apache.org/dist/hadoop/core/hadoop-2.7.3/hadoop-

2.7.3.tar.gz

Fig: Hadoop Installation – Downloading Hadoop

Step 4: Extract the Hadoop tar File.

Command: tar -xvf hadoop-2.7.3.tar.gz

Fig: Hadoop Installation – Extracting Hadoop Files

Step 5: Add the Hadoop and Java paths in the bash file (.bashrc).

Open. bashrc file. Now, add Hadoop and Java Path as shown below.

Command: vi .bashrc

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 Fig: Hadoop Installation – Setting Environment Variable

Then, save the bash file and close it.

For applying all these changes to the current Terminal, execute the source command.

Command: source .bashrc

Fig: Hadoop Installation – Refreshing environment variables

To make sure that Java and Hadoop have been properly installed on your system
and can be accessed through the Terminal, execute the java -version and hadoop
version commands.

Command: java -version

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 Fig: Hadoop Installation – Checking Java Version

Command: hadoop version

Fig: Hadoop Installation – Checking Hadoop Version

Step 6: Edit the Hadoop Configuration files.

Command: cd hadoop-2.7.3/etc/hadoop/

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Command: ls

All the Hadoop configuration files are located in hadoop-2.7.3/etc/hadoop directory as

you can see in the snapshot below:

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 Fig: Hadoop Installation – Hadoop Configuration Files

Step 7: Open core-site.xml and edit the property mentioned below inside
configuration tag:

core-site.xml informs Hadoop daemon where NameNode runs in the cluster. It contains
configuration settings of Hadoop core such as I/O settings that are common to HDFS &
MapReduce.

Command: vi core-site.xml

Fig: Hadoop Installation – Configuring core-site.xml

1
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2 <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
3 <configuration>
4 <property>
5 <name>fs.default.name</name>
<value>hdfs://localhost:9000</value>
6
</property>
7 </configuration>
8
Step 8: Edit hdfs-site.xml and edit the property mentioned below inside
configuration tag:
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 hdfs-site.xml contains configuration settings of HDFS daemons (i.e. NameNode,
DataNode, Secondary NameNode). It also includes the replication factor and block size
of HDFS.

Command: vi hdfs-site.xml

Fig: Hadoop Installation – Configuring hdfs-site.xml

1
2 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
3 <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<configuration>
4 <property>
5 <name>dfs.replication</name>
6 <value>1</value>
7 </property>
<property>
8
<name>dfs.permission</name>
9 <value>false</value>
10 </property>
11 </configuration>
12
Step 9: Edit the mapred-site.xml file and edit the property mentioned below
inside configuration tag:

mapred-site.xml contains configuration settings of MapReduce application like number

of JVM that can run in parallel, the size of the mapper and the reducer process, CPU
cores available for a process, etc.

In some cases, mapred-site.xml file is not available. So, we have to create the mapred-
site.xml file using mapred-site.xml template.

Command: cp mapred-site.xml.template mapred-site.xml

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 Command: vi mapred-site.xml.

Fig: Hadoop Installation – Configuring mapred-site.xml

1
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2 <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
3 <configuration>
4 <property>
5 <name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
<value>yarn</value>
6
</property>
7 </configuration>
8

Step 10: Edit yarn-site.xml and edit the property mentioned below inside
configuration tag:

yarn-site.xml contains configuration settings of ResourceManager and NodeManager

like application memory management size, the operation needed on program &
algorithm, etc.

Command: vi yarn-site.xml

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 Fig: Hadoop Installation – Configuring yarn-site.xml

1
2 <?xml version="1.0">
3 <configuration>
4 <property>
5 <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
6 <value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
</property>
7 <property>
8 <name>yarn.nodemanager.auxservices.mapreduce.shuffle.class</
9 name>
1 <value>org.apache.hadoop.mapred.ShuffleHandler</value>
</property>
0 </configuration>
1
1
Step 11: Edit hadoop-env.sh and add the Java Path as mentioned below:

hadoop-env.sh contains the environment variables that are used in the script to run
Hadoop like Java home path, etc.

Command: vi hadoop–env.sh

Fig: Hadoop Installation – Configuring hadoop-env.sh

Step 12: Go to Hadoop home directory and format the NameNode.

Command: cd
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 Command: cd hadoop-2.7.3

Command: bin/hadoop namenode -format

Fig: Hadoop Installation – Formatting NameNode

This formats the HDFS via NameNode. This command is only executed for the first
time. Formatting the file system means initializing the directory specified by the
dfs.name.dir variable.

Never format, up and running Hadoop filesystem. You will lose all your data stored in
the HDFS.

Step 13: Once the NameNode is formatted, go to hadoop-2.7.3/sbin directory

and start all the daemons.

Command: cd hadoop-2.7.3/sbin

Either you can start all daemons with a single command or do it individually.

Command: ./start-all.sh

The above command is a combination of start-dfs.sh, start-yarn.sh & mr-jobhistory-

daemon.sh

Or you can run all the services individually as below:

Start NameNode:

The NameNode is the centerpiece of an HDFS file system. It keeps the directory tree of
all files stored in the HDFS and tracks all the file stored across the cluster.

Command: ./hadoop-daemon.sh start namenode

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 Fig: Hadoop Installation – Starting NameNode

Start DataNode:

On startup, a DataNode connects to the Namenode and it responds to the requests

from the Namenode for different operations.

Command: ./hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode

Fig: Hadoop Installation – Starting DataNode

Start ResourceManager:

ResourceManager is the master that arbitrates all the available cluster resources and
thus helps in managing the distributed applications running on the YARN system.
Its work is to manage each NodeManagers and the each application’s
ApplicationMaster.

Command: ./yarn-daemon.sh start resourcemanager

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 Fig: Hadoop Installation – Starting ResourceManager

Start NodeManager:

The NodeManager in each machine framework is the agent which is responsible for
managing containers, monitoring their resource usage and reporting the same to the
ResourceManager.

Command: ./yarn-daemon.sh start nodemanager

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Fig: Hadoop Installation – Starting NodeManager

Start JobHistoryServer:

JobHistoryServer is responsible for servicing all job history related requests from client.

Command: ./mr-jobhistory-daemon.sh start historyserver

Step 14: To check that all the Hadoop services are up and running, run the
below command.

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 Command: jps

Fig: Hadoop Installation – Checking Daemons

Step 15: Now open the Mozilla browser and go

to localhost:50070/dfshealth.html to check the NameNode interface.

Fig: Hadoop Installation – Starting WebUI

Congratulations, you have successfully installed a single node Hadoop cluster

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 CLOUD COMPUTING

CONTENT BEYOND SYLLABUS

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs

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 1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.

OBJECTIVE:
To develop a new Web service for Calculator applications.

PROCEDURE:
When you start Globus toolkit container, there will be number of services starts up. The service
for this task will be a simple Math service that can perform basic arithmetic for a client.

The Math service will access a resource with two properties:

1. An integer value that can be operated upon by the service
2. A string values that holds string describing the last operation
The service itself will have three remotely accessible operations that operate upon
value:
(a) add, that adds a to the resource property value.
(b) subtract that subtracts a from the resource property value.
(c) getValueRP that returns the current value of value.
Usually, the best way for any programming task is to begin with an overall description of what
you want the code to do, which in this case is the service interface. The service interface
describes how what the service provides in terms of names of operations, their arguments and
return values. A Java interface for our service is:

public interface Math {

public void add(int a);
public void subtract(int a);
public int getValueRP();
}

It is possible to start with this interface and create the necessary WSDL file using the standard
Web service tool called Java2WSDL. However, the WSDL file for GT 4 has to include details
of resource properties that are not given explicitly in the interface above. Hence, we will provide
the WSDL file.

Step 1 Getting the Files

All the required files are provided and comes directly from [1]. The MathService source code
files can be found from http://www.gt4book.com
(http://www.gt4book.com/downloads/gt4book-examples.tar.gz)
A Windows zip compressed version can be found at
http://www.cs.uncc.edu/~abw/ITCS4146S07/gt4book-examples.zip. Download and
uncompress the file into a directory called GT4services. Everything is included (the java source
WSDL and deployment files, etc.):

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 WSDL service interface description file -- The WSDL service interface description
file is provided within the GT4services folder at:
GT4Services\schema\examples\MathService_instance\Math.wsdl
This file, and discussion of its contents, can be found in Appendix A. Later on we will need to
modify this file, but first we will use the existing contents that describe the Math service above.
Service code in Java -- For this assignment, both the code for service operations and for the
resource properties are put in the same class for convenience. More complex services and
resources would be defined in separate classes. The Java code for the service and its resource
properties is located within the GT4services folder at:

GT4services\org\globus\examples\services\core\first\impl\MathService.java.
Deployment Descriptor -- The deployment descriptor gives several different important sets of
information about the service once it is deployed. It is located within the GT4services folder
at:
GT4services\org\globus\examples\services\core\first\deploy-server.wsdd.

Step 2 – Building the Math Service

It is now necessary to package all the required files into a GAR (Grid Archive) file. The build
tool ant from the Apache Software Foundation is used to achieve this as shown overleaf:
Generating a GAR file with Ant (from http://gdp.globus.org/gt4-
tutorial/multiplehtml/ch03s04.html)
Ant is similar in concept to the Unix make tool but a java tool and XML based.
Build scripts are provided by Globus 4 to use the ant build file. The windows version of the
build script for MathService is the Python file called globus-build-service.py, which held in
the GT4services directory. The build script takes one argument, the name of your service that
you want to deploy. To keep with the naming convention in [1], this service will be called first.
In the Client Window, run the build script from the GT4services directory with:
globus-build-service.py first
The output should look similar to the following:
Buildfile: build.xml
.
.
.
.
.
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 8 seconds
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process, new directory is created in your GT4Services directory that is
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All of your stubs and class files that were generated will be in that directory and
 its subdirectories. More importantly, there is a GAR (Grid Archive) file called
org_globus_examples_services_core_first.gar. The GAR file is the package that contains
every file that is needed to successfully deploy your Math Service into the Globus container.
The files contained in the GAR file are the Java class files, WSDL, compiled stubs, and the
deployment descriptor.

Step 3 – Deploying the Math Service

If the container is still running in the Container Window, then stop it using Control-C. To deploy
the Math Service, you will use a tool provided by the Globus Toolkit called globus-deploy-gar.
In the Container Window, issue the command:
globus-deploy-gar org_globus_examples_services_core_first.gar
Successful output of the command is :

The service has now been deployed.

Check service is deployed by starting container from the Container Window:
You should see the service called MathService.

Step 4 – Compiling the Client

A client has already been provided to test the Math Service and is located in the
GT4Services directory at:
GT4Services\org\globus\examples\clients\MathService_instance\Client.java
and contains

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You should see the service called MathService.
 Step 4 – Compiling the Client
A client has already been provided to test the Math Service and is located in the
GT4Services directory at:
GT4Services\org\globus\examples\clients\MathService_instance\Client.java

and contains the following code:

package org.globus.examples.clients.MathService_instance;
import org.apache.axis.message.addressing.Address;
import org.apache.axis.message.addressing.EndpointReferenceType;
import org.globus.examples.stubs.MathService_instance.MathPortType;
import org.globus.examples.stubs.MathService_instance.GetValueRP;
import
org.globus.examples.stubs.MathService_instance.service.MathServiceAddressingL
ocator;
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MathServiceAddressingLocator locator = new
MathServiceAddressingLocator()
try {
String serviceURI = args[0];
// Create endpoint reference to service
EndpointReferenceType endpoint = new
EndpointReferenceType();
endpoint.setAddress(new Address(serviceURI));
MathPortType math;
// Get PortType
math = locator.getMathPortTypePort(endpoint);
// Perform an addition
math.add(10);
// Perform another addition
math.add(5);
// Access value
System.out.println("Current value: "
+ math.getValueRP(new GetValueRP()));
// Perform a subtraction
math.subtract(5);
// Access value
System.out.println("Current value: "
+ math.getValueRP(new GetValueRP()));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

When the client is run from the command line, you pass it one argument. The argument is the
URL that specifies where the service resides. The client will create the end point rerference and
incorporate this URL as the address. The end point reference is then used with the
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getMathPortTypePort
Upgrade to PRO to remove watermark. method of a MathServiceAdressingLocator object to obtain a
reference to the Math interface (portType). Then, we can apply the methods available in the
 service as though they were local methods Notice that the call to the service (add and subtract
method calls) must be in a “try {} catch(){}” block because a “RemoteException” may be
thrown. The code for the “MathServiceAddressingLocator” is created during the build
process. (Thus you don’t have to write it!)

(a) Settting the Classpath

To compile the new client, you will need the JAR files from the Globus toolkit in your
CLASSPATH. Do this by executing the following command in the Client Window:
%GLOBUS_LOCATION%\etc\globus-devel-env.bat
You can verify that this sets your CLASSPATH, by executing the command:
echo %CLASSPATH%
You should see a long list of JAR files.
Running \gt4\etc\globus-devel-env.bat only needs to be done once for each Client Window that
you open. It does not need to be done each time you compile.
(b) Compiling Client
Once your CLASSPATH has been set, then you can compile the Client code by typing in the
following command:
javac -classpath
build\classes\org\globus\examples\services\core\first\impl\:%CLASSPATH%
org\globus\examples\clients\MathService_instance\Client.java

Step 5 – Start the Container for your Service

Restart the Globus container from the Container Window with:
globus-start-container -nosec
if the container is not running.

Step 6 – Run the Client

To start the client from your GT4Services directory, do the following in the Client Window,
which passes the GSH of the service as an argument:
java -classpath
build\classes\org\globus\examples\services\core\first\impl\:%CLASSPATH%
org.globus.examples.clients.MathService_instance.Client
http://localhost:8080/wsrf/services/examples/core/first/MathService
which should give the output:
Current value: 15
Current value: 10

Step 7 – Undeploy the Math Service and Kill a Container

Before we can add functionality to the Math Service (Section 5), we must undeploy the service.
In the Container Window, kill the container with a Control-C. Then to undeploy the service,
type in the following command:

globus-undeploy-gar org_globus_examples_services_core_first
which should result with the following output:
Undeploying gar...
Deleting /.
.
.
Undeploy successful
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6 Adding
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 In this final task, you are asked to modify the Math service and associated files so the srvice
supports the multiplication operation. To do this task, you will need to modify:
MathService.java)
Math.wsdl)
The exact changes that are necessary are not given. You are to work them out yourself. You
will need to fully understand the contents of service code and WSDL files and then modify them
accordingly. Appendix A gives an explanation of the important parts of these files. Keep all file
names the same and simply redeploy the service afterwards. You will also need to add a code
to the client code (Client.java) to test the modified service to include multiplication.

Result:
Thus the Develop a new Web Service for Calculator was executed successfully.

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 2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service

OBJECTIVE:

To develop a new OGSA-compliant web service.

PROCEDURE:

Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to
follow five simple steps

1. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL

2. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
3. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
4. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
5. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

To run this program, as a minimum you will be required to have installed the following
prerequisite software
a. Download the latest Axis2 runtime from the above link and extract it. Now we
point Eclipse WTP to downloaded Axis2 Runtime. Open Window -> Preferences
-> Web Services -> Axis2 Emitter

Select the Axis2 Runtime tab and point to the correct Axis2 runtime location.
Alternatively at the Axis2 Preference tab, you can set the default setting that will
come up on the Web Services Creation wizards. For the moment we will accept
the default settings.
b. Click OK.

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 c. Next we need to create a project with the support of Axis2 features. Open File ->
New -> Other... -> Web -> Dynamic Web Project

Click next
d. Select the name Axis2WSTest as the Dynamic Web project name (you can specify
any name you prefer), and select the configured Tomcat runtime as the target
runtime.

Click next.
e. Select the Axis2 Web service facet

Click Finish.

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 f. This will create a dynamic Web project in the workbench

g. Import the wtp/Converter.java class into Axis2WSTest/src (be sure to preserve the
package).

Build the Project, if its not auto build.

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 h. Select Converter.java, open File -> New -> Other... -> Web Services -> Web
Service

Click next.

i. The Web service wizard would be brought up with Web service type set to
Bottom up Java bean Web Service with the service implementation
automatically filled in. Move the service scale to Start service.

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 j. Click on the Web Service runtime link to select the Axis2 runtime.

Click OK.

k. Ensure that the correct server and service project are selected as displayed below.

Click next.

l. This page is the service.xml selection page. if you have a custom services.xml,
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 at the default.

Click next.

m. This page is the Start Server page. It will be displayed if the server has not been
started. Click on the Start Server button. This will start the server runtime.

Click next.

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 n. This page is the Web services publication page, accept the defaults.

Click Finish.

o. Now, select the Axis2WSTest dynamic Web project, right-click and select Run ->
Run As -> Run on Server to bring up the Axis2 servlet.

Click Next.

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 p. Make sure you have the Axis2WSTest dynamic Web project on the right-hand
side under the Configured project.

Click Finish.

q. This will deploy the Axis2 server webapp on the configured servlet container and
will display the Axis2 home page. Note that the servlet container will start up
according to the Server configuration files on your workspace.

r. Click on the Services link to view the available services. The newly created
converter Web service will be shown there.

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 s. Click on the Converter Service link to display the wsdl URL of the newly created
Web service. Copy the URL.

t. Now we'll generate the client for the newly created service by referring the ?wsdl
generated by the Axis2 Server. Open File -> New -> Other... -> Web Services ->
Web ServiceClient

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 u. Paste the URL that was copied earlier into the service definition field.

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 v. Click on the Client project hyperlink and enter Axis2WSTestClient as the name
of the client project. Click OK.

Back on the Web Services Client wizard, make sure the Web service runtime is set
to Axis2 and the server is set correctly. Click Next.

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 Next page is the Client Configuration Page. Accept the defaults and click Finish.

The Clients stubs will be generated to your Dynamic Web project Axis2WSTestClient.

Now we are going to write Java main program to invoke the client stub. Import the
ConverterClient.java file to the workspace into the wtp package in the src folder of
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 Then select the ConverterClient file, right-click and select Run As -> Java Application.
Here's what you get on the server console:

Another way to test and invoke the service is to select Generate test case to test the
service check box on the Axis2 Client Web Service Configuration Page when going

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 through the Web Service Client wizard.

If that option is selected, the Axis2 emitter will generate JUnit testcases matching the
WSDL we provide to the client. These JUnit testcases will be generated to a newly added
source directory to the Axis2WSTestClient project called test.

Next thing we need to do is to insert the test case with the valid inputs as the Web
service method arguments. In this case, let's test the
ConverterConverterSOAP11Port_httpTest.java by provide values for Celsius and
Farenheit for the temperature conversion. As an example, replace the generated
TODO statement in each test method to fill in the data with values as:
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testfarenheitToCelsius() -> farenheitToCelsius8.setFarenheit(212);
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 testStartfarenheitToCelsius() -
>farenheitToCelsius8.setFarenheit(212);
testcelsiusToFarenheit() -> celsiusToFarenheit10.setCelsius(100);
testStartcelsiusToFarenheit() ->
celsiusToFarenheit10.setCelsius(100);

Here the testcases were generated to test both the synchronous and asynchronous
clients.

w. After that, select the testcase, right-click, select Run As -> JUnit Test. You will be
able to run the unit test successfully invoking the Web service.

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 The Web Service wizard orchestrates the end-to-end generation, assembly, deployment,
installation and execution of the Web service and Web service client. Now that your Web
service is running, there are a few interesting things you can do with this WSDL file.
Examples:

 You can choose Web Services -> Test with Web Services Explorer to test the
service.
 You can choose Web Services -> Publish WSDL file to publish the service to a
public UDDI registry.

RESULT:

Thus the development of a new OGSA-compliant web service was executed successfully.

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 3.Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service

OBJECTIVE:

To develop a Grid Service using Apache Axis.

PROCEDURE:
You will need to download and install the following software:
1. Java 2 SDK v1.4.1, http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.1/download.html
2. Apache Tomcat v4.124
http://jakarta.apache.org/builds/jakarta-tomcat-4.0/release/v4.1.24/bin/jakarta
tomcat4.1.24.exe.
3. XML Security v1.0.4,
http://www.apache.org/dist/xml/security/java-library/xmlsecurity bin1.0.4.zip
4. Axis v1.1, http://ws.apache.org/axis/dist/1_1/axis-1_1.zip

1. Java 2 SDK
• Run the downloaded executable (j2sdk-1_4_1-windows-i586.exe) which will install
the
• SDK in C:\j2sdk1.4.1. Set the JAVA_HOME environment variable to point to this
directory as follows:
• Click on START->CONTROL PANEL->SYSTEM
• Click on the Advanced tab
• Click on the Environment Variables button
• Click on the New… button in the user variable section and enter the details
• Add the Java binaries to your PATH variable in the same way by setting a user
variable called PATH with the value “%PATH%;C:\j2sdk1.4.1\bin”

2. Apache Tomcat

• Run the downloaded executable (jakarta-tomcat-4.1.24.exe), and assume the

installation directory is C:\jakarta-tomcat-4.1.24.
• Edit C:\ jakarta-tomcat-4.1.24\conf\tomcat-users.xml and create an “admin” and
“manager” role as well as a user with both roles. The contents of the file should be
similar to:
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf8'?>
<tomcat-users>
<role rolename="manager"/>
<role rolename="admin"/>
<user username="myuser" password="mypass"
roles="admin,manager"/>
</tomcat-users>
• Start Tomcat by running C:\ jakarta-tomcat-4.1.24\bin\startup.bat and test it by
browsing http://localhost:8080/
• Stop Tomcat by running C:\ jakarta-tomcat-4.1.24\bin\shutdown.bat.

3. XML Security
• Download and unzip
http://www.apache.org/dist/xml/security/javalibrary/xmlsecurity-bin
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• Copy xml-sec.jar
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 • Set-up your CLASSPATH environment variable to including the following:
C:\axis1_1\lib\xml-sec.jar;

4. Apache Axis
• Unzip the downloaded Axis archive to C: (this will create a directory C:\axis-1_1).
• Extract the file xmlsec.jar from the downloaded security archive to
C:\axis1_1\webapps\axis\WEB-INF\lib.
• Set-up your CLASSPATH environment variable to including the following:
o The current working directory
o All the AXIS jar files as found in C:\axis-1_1\lib
C:\jakarta-tomcat-4.1.24\common\lib\servlet.jar
• Your CLASSPATH should therefore look something like:
C:\axis-1_1\lib\axis.jar;
C:\axis 1_1\lib\axis-ant.jar;
C:\axis-1_1\lib\commons-discovery.jar;
C:\axis-1_1\lib\commons-logging.jar;
C:\axis-1_1\lib\jaxrpc.jar;
C:\axis-1_1\lib\log4j-1.2.8.jar;
C:\axis-1_1\lib\saaj.jar;
C:\axis-1_1\lib\wsdl4j.jar;
C:\axis-1_1\lib\xercesImpl.jar
C:\axis-1_1\lib\xmlParserAPIs.jar;
C:\jakarta-tomcat-4.1.24\common\lib\servlet.jar
C:\axis-1_1\lib\xml-sec.jar;
• Now tell Tomcat about your Axis web application by creating the file
C:\jakarta- tomcat-4.1.24\webapps\axis.xml with the following content:
<Context path="/axis" docBase="C:\axis-1_1\webapps\axis" debug="0"
privileged="true">

<LoggerclassName="org.apache.catalina.logger.FileLogger"prefix="axis_log."
suffix=".txt" timestamp="false"/>

5. Deploy a Sample Web service packaged within Axis installations

Deploy one of the sample Web Services to test the system and to create the C:\axis-
1_1\webapps\axis\WEB-INF\server-config.wsdd file. From C:\axis-1_1 issue the
command (on one line):
java org.apache.axis.client.AdminClient
http://localhost:8080/axis/services/AdminService/samples/stock/deploy.wsdd
This should return the following:
.- Processing file samples/stock/deploy.wsdd
.- <Admin>Done processing</Admin>

RESULT:

Thus the development of a Grid Service using Apache Axis is executed successfully.
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 4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs

OBJECTIVE:
To develop an applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs.

SAMPLE CODE:
import AgentTeamwork.Ateam.*;
import MPJ.*;
public class UserProgAteam extends AteamProg {
private int phase;
public UserProgAteam( Ateam o )
{}
public UserProgAteam( )
{}
// real const
public UserProgAteam( String[] args ) {
phase = 0;
}
// phase recovery
private void userRecovery( ) {
phase = ateam.getSnapshotId( );
}
private void compute( ) {
for ( phase = 0; phase < 10; phase++ ) {
try {
Thread.currentThread( ).sleep( 1000 );
}
catch(InterruptedException e ) {
}
ateam.takeSnapshot( phase );
System.out.println( "UserProgAteam at rank " + MPJ.COMM_WORLD.Rank( ) + " : took a
snapshot " + phase );
}
}
public static void main( String[] args ) {
System.out.println( "UserProgAteam: got started" );
MPJ.Init( args, ateam);
UserProgAteam program = null;
// Timer timer = new Timer( );
if ( ateam.isResumed( ) ) {
program = ( UserProgAteam )
ateam.retrieveLocalVar( "program" );
program.userRecovery( );
}
else
{
program = new UserProgAteam( args );
ateam.registerLocalVar( "program", program );
}
program.compute( );
MPJ.Finalize(
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 public class UserProgAteam extends AteamProg {
// application body private void compute( ) {
for ( phase = 0; phase < 10; phase++ ) {
try {
Thread.currentThread( ).sleep( 1000 );
}
catch(InterruptedException e ) {
}
ateam.takeSnapshot( phase );
System.out.println ( "UserProgAteam at rank " + MPJ.COMM_WORLD.Rank( ) + " : took a snapshot
" + phase );
}}

Socket sample code – within some function body

import AgentTeamwork.Ateam.GridTcp.*;
private final int port = 2000;
private GridSocket socket; private
GridServerSocket server; private InputStream
input; private OutputStream output;
for ( int i = start; i < start + trans; i++ ) {
try {
output.write( i % 128 );
} catch ( IOException e ) {
}
System.out.println ( "Sockets with " + myRank + ": " + " output[" + i + "]=" + i % 128 );
}
for ( int i = start; i < start + trans; i++ ) {
try {
System.out.println ( "Sockets with " + myRank + ": " + " input[" + i + "]=" + input.read( ) ); }
catch ( IOException e ) {
}}

MPI sample code

import AgentTeamwork.Ateam.*;
import MPI.*;
public class UserProgAteam extends AteamProg {
// application body private void compute( ) {
}
public static void main( String[] args ) {
MPJ.Init( args, ateam );
program.compute( ); MPJ.Finalize( );
}
}

C/C++ compile.sh – Helloworld.cpp

#!/bin/sh
rm -f *.class
javac -classpath MPJ.jar:Ateam.jar:. *.java
# jar cvf GridJNI.jar *.class jar -cvf
GridJNI.jar
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JavaToCpp
g++ -rdynamic JavaToCpp.cpp
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 _libHelloWorld.so_ GridJNI_library.cpp
HelloWorld.cpp

C/C++ MPI sample code – Helloworld.cpp

#include <iostream.h>
using namespace std;
typedef int MPI_Request, MPI_Status, MPI_Comm;
extern void takeSnapshot(int argc);
extern int MPI_Init(int* argc, char*** argv);
extern void MPI_Finalize();
extern int MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_Comm comm, int *rank);
extern int MPI_Comm_size(MPI_Comm comm, int *size);
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
cerr << "main" << endl;
cerr << "argc = " << argc << endl;
cerr << "argv[0] = " << argv[0] << endl; cerr << "argv[1] = " <<
argv[1] << endl; MPI_Init(&argc, &argv);
cout << "MPI Init Successful!" << endl;
cout << "[HelloWorld.cpp]Calling Rank() and Size()" << endl;
int rank, size;
MPI_Comm_rank(0,&rank);
MPI_Comm_size(0,&size);
cout << "[HelloWorld.cpp]Rank = " << rank << endl;
cout << "[HelloWorld.cpp]Size = " << size << endl; cerr << "Calling
MPI_Finalize()" << endl; MPI_Finalize();
cerr << "finished" << endl;
}

RESULT:

Thus the development of applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs is executed successfully

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 CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

VIVA QUESTIONS

1) What are the advantages of using cloud computing?

2) Mention platforms which are used for large scale cloud computing?

3) Different models for deployment in cloud computing

4) What is the difference in cloud computing and computing for mobiles?

5) How user can gain from utility computing?

6) For a transport in cloud how you can secure your data?

7) What are the security aspects provided with cloud?

8) List out different layers which define cloud architecture?

9) What are system integrators in Cloud Computing?

10) What is “ EUCALYPTUS” stands for?

11) What is the use of “EUCALYPTUS” in cloud computing?

12) What is the requirement of virtualization platform in implementing cloud?

13) Before going for cloud computing platform what are the essential things to be taken in
concern by users?

14) Mention some open source cloud computing platform databases?

15) What are the security laws which are implemented to secure data in a cloud ?

16) Mention the name of some large cloud providers and databases?

17) The difference between cloud and traditional datacenters?

18) What are the different modes of software as a service (SaaS)?

19) What is the use of API’s in cloud services?

20) What are the different data centers deployed for cloud computing?

21) In cloud computing what are the different layers?

22) How important is the platform as a service?

23) What is a cloud service?

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24)
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remove is Grid Computing ?
 25) History of Grid , Cluster , grid , Distributed Computing

26) Why is ir given the name 'Grid'?

27) Which are the companies suporting, working, and doing researching on the Grid ?

28) Which are the Academic Institutions interested and doing research on Grid ?

29) What are the terminologies that different companies use for the same term "Grid" ?

30) What are the different types of computing on the Grid ? (HPC , HTC )

31)What is the use of Grid in general ?

32) Why do we need Grid ? What are the applications of the Grid that one can explain to a
naive person ?

33) What is a Virtual Organizaton ?

34) VO of a cluster , VO of Grid

35) What are the middlewares (Glues) used to build a Grid ?

36) Who are the commercial players in building a Grid ?

37) Who are the open source players in building a Grid ?

38) Which is the most used grid middleware ?

39) What are Grid Test beds ? Who started it ? Who made it ?

40) Which are the existing Grid Test Beds in the world ?

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