KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA
IIT CHENNAI-36
CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT
pH of Common Household
Substances
P Nithish
XI – B
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that P Nithish of
class XI-B has successfully
completed the investigatory
project on the topic " pH of
Common Household Liquids,
during the year 2024-25.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the accomplishment of this
project successfully I feel really
fortunate to thank many people.
At first, I would like to thank God
for being with me while
completing this vast project which
really matters. I would like to
thank my parents who blessed me
with their moral support and
valuable suggestions. On Second
phase, I would like to present my
hearty greetings for my principal
and subject teacher who guided
me in this journey.
INDEX
Introduction
Objective
Materials Required
Methodology
Results
Analysis
Conclusion
References
Appendices
INTRODUCTION
The pH scale measures how acidic
or basic a solution is, ranging
from 0 to 14. Values below 7
indicate acidity, while those
above 7 indicate alkalinity. This
project investigates the pH levels
of common household liquids—
like lemon juice, vinegar, soda,
and liquid soap—to understand
their chemical properties and
everyday uses. By comparing
these liquids, we aim to explore
how pH affects their behavior in
daily life.
OBJECTIVE
To test and compare the pH levels
of various household liquids such
as lemon juice, vinegar, soda, and
soap.
Materials Needed
pH paper or a digital pH
meter
Clean test tubes or small cups
Household liquids: lemon
juice, vinegar, soda, liquid
soap, and distilled water
Dropper or pipette
Marker and paper towels
PROCEDURE
Preparation: Gather all
materials and put on safety
goggles and gloves.
Labeling: Label the test tubes
or cups with the names of the
liquids you will be testing.
Testing:
Use the dropper to add a few
milliliters of each liquid into its
corresponding test tube or cup.
Dip a strip of pH paper into
each liquid for a few seconds,
or use a digital pH meter
according to the
manufacturer's instructions.
If using pH paper, compare the
color change to the provided
pH scale to determine the pH
level. Record the results.
Repeat: For accuracy, repeat
the testing process at least
twice for each liquid and take
the average pH value.
Cleanup: Dispose of the
liquids safely and clean your
workspace.
RESULTS
Record the pH values in a table
format:
Liqui pH Value pH Value Average
d (Trial 1) (Trial 2) pH
Lemon 2. 2. 2.05
Juice 0 1
2. 3.0 2.
Vine 9 95
gar
Soda 2. 2. 2.
(Cola) 5 6 55
Liquid 9. 9. 9.
Soap 5 6 55
Distilled 7.0 7. 7.
Water 0 0
ANALYSIS
Lemon Juice: With an average
pH around 2.05, lemon juice is
highly acidic, primarily due to
citric acid.
Vinegar: Averaging about
2.95, vinegar is also acidic,
containing acetic acid, making
it useful for cooking and
cleaning.
Soda: The pH of soda was
approximately 2.55, indicating
high acidity from carbonic and
phosphoric acids, which can
have dental and health
implications.
Liquid Soap: With an average
pH of 9.55, liquid soap is basic,
allowing it to effectively clean
by breaking down oils and fats.
Distilled Water: At a neutral
pH of 7.0, distilled water serves
as a control and benchmark for
comparison.
These findings highlight how the
pH levels of these liquids
influence their practical
applications, such as their use in
food preparation, cleaning, and
health considerations.
CONCLUSION
The investigation into the pH
levels of common household
liquids revealed significant
differences in acidity and
alkalinity. Lemon juice, vinegar,
and soda were all found to be
acidic, which is reflective of their
uses in cooking and cleaning. In
contrast, liquid soap was basic,
demonstrating its effectiveness as
a cleaning agent. Understanding
the pH of these substances helps
us appreciate their roles in daily
life and encourages informed
choices regarding their use.
