Analytic Trigonometry Notes
1. Fundamental Identities
Reciprocal Identities:
sin x = 1/csc x, cos x = 1/sec x, tan x = 1/cot x
csc x = 1/sin x, sec x = 1/cos x, cot x = 1/tan x
Quotient Identities:
tan x = sin x / cos x, cot x = cos x / sin x
Pythagorean Identities:
sin^2 x + cos^2 x = 1
1 + tan^2 x = sec^2 x
1 + cot^2 x = csc^2 x
2. Sum and Difference Formulas
sin(A +/- B) = sin A cos B +/- cos A sin B
cos(A +/- B) = cos A cos B -/+ sin A sin B
tan(A +/- B) = (tan A +/- tan B) / (1 -/+ tan A tan B)
3. Double-Angle Formulas
sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A
cos 2A = cos^2 A - sin^2 A = 2 cos^2 A - 1 = 1 - 2 sin^2 A
tan 2A = 2 tan A / (1 - tan^2 A)
4. Half-Angle Formulas
sin(A/2) = sqrt((1 - cos A) / 2)
cos(A/2) = sqrt((1 + cos A) / 2)
tan(A/2) = sqrt((1 - cos A) / (1 + cos A)) = sin A / (1 + cos A) = (1 - cos A) / sin A
5. Product-to-Sum and Sum-to-Product Formulas
sin A sin B = 1/2 [cos(A - B) - cos(A + B)]
cos A cos B = 1/2 [cos(A + B) + cos(A - B)]
sin A cos B = 1/2 [sin(A + B) + sin(A - B)]
sin A + sin B = 2 sin((A + B)/2) cos((A - B)/2)
sin A - sin B = 2 cos((A + B)/2) sin((A - B)/2)
cos A + cos B = 2 cos((A + B)/2) cos((A - B)/2)
cos A - cos B = -2 sin((A + B)/2) sin((A - B)/2)
6. Inverse Trigonometric Functions
sin^(-1) x + cos^(-1) x = pi/2
tan^(-1) x + cot^(-1) x = pi/2
sec^(-1) x + csc^(-1) x = pi/2
7. Law of Sines and Law of Cosines
Law of Sines:
a/sin A = b/sin B = c/sin C
Law of Cosines:
c^2 = a^2 + b^2 - 2ab cos C
b^2 = a^2 + c^2 - 2ac cos B
a^2 = b^2 + c^2 - 2bc cos A
8. Polar Form and De Moivre's Theorem
Polar Form of a Complex Number:
z = r (cos theta + i sin theta)
De Moivre's Theorem:
(r (cos theta + i sin theta))^n = r^n (cos(n theta) + i sin(n theta))
