STUDENT’S SUPPORT DOCUMENT
Subject: Chemistry Topic: Matter in our Surroundings (1.2) Std.: IX
Student’s Support Document (Answer Sheet)
2.
The particles in a solid are:
• close together
• arranged in a regular way
• can vibrate in a fixed position
• cannot move from place to place
• They cannot be compressed.
The particles in a liquid are:
• close together
• arranged in a random way
• They flow and take the shape of the container
• They can be compressed to a small extent only
The particles in a gas are:
• far apart
• arranged in a random way
• move quickly in all directions
• They flow and completely fill their container
• They can be compressed
3. Diffusion is the process of a substance spreading out to evenly fill its container or
environment.
5. Definitions:
Melting Point: The temperature at which the solid changes into liquid at the atmospheric
pressure is called melting point.
Boiling Point: The temperature at which the liquid boils and changes into gaseous state at
the atmospheric pressure is called boiling point.
Latent Heat of Vaporization: It is the amount of heat needed to convert 1kg of a liquid at
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STUDENT’S SUPPORT DOCUMENT
its boiling point to gas at the same temperature.
Latent heat of Fusion: The amount of energy needed for the conversion of 1kg of solid to
liquid at atmospheric pressure at its melting point is known as the latent heat of fusion.
Condensation: The phenomenon of changing gas to liquid is called as condensation.
Sublimation and Deposition: The phenomenon of change of solid directly to gas without
changing into liquid state is called sublimation. The phenomenon of change of gas directly
to solid without changing into liquid state is called Deposition.
6. During the melting of solid, the temperature remains the same. The heat gets used
up in overcoming the forces of attraction between the particles of matter. The heat
energy is being absorbed by solid ice without any rise in temperature. This heat is
regarded to be hidden in the contents of the container and is called latent heat. (The
same is for boiling of a liquid and the heat is known as Latent heat of vaporization).
7. Factors effecting Evaporation:
• Evaporation is a surface phenomenon. Therefore increasing the surface
area increases the rate of evaporation.
• Increasing temperature also increases the rate of evaporation because with
the rise in temperature more number of particles get enough kinetic
energy to convert into vapor state.
• Content of water vapor in the atmosphere is known as humidity. If the
amount of water in atmosphere is already high then rate of evaporation will
decrease. Therefore decreasing the humidity also increases the rate of
evaporation
• It is commonly observed that clothes dry at a fast rate during windy days.
This is because with the increase in wind speed the water particles move
away with the wind which in turn decreases the amount of water vapor
from the atmosphere. Therefore increasing the wind speed increases the
rate of evaporation.
8.
Comparison chart:
Characteristics Solids Liquids Gases
1 Mass Has mass Has mass Has mass
2 Shape Occupies space Occupies space Occupies space
3 Volume Has a definite Has a definite Has no definite
volume volume volume
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STUDENT’S SUPPORT DOCUMENT
4 Compressibility No Slight High
compressibility compressibility compressibility
5 Fluidity Not possible Can flow Can flow
6 Rigidity Highly rigid Less rigid Not rigid
7 Diffusion Slow Fast Very fast
8 Arrangement of Most closely Less closely Least closely
atoms Packed Packed Packed
9 Intermolecular Strongest Slightly weaker Negligible
forces than solids
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