NOTES
NOTES
Entrepreneurship is the ability and readiness to develop, organize and run a business enterprise,
along with any of its uncertainties in order to make a profit. The most prominent example of
entrepreneurship is the starting of new businesses.
In economics, entrepreneurship connected with land, labour, natural resources and capital can
generate a profit. The entrepreneurial vision is defined by discovery and risk-taking and is an
indispensable part of a nation’s capacity to succeed in an ever-changing and more competitive
global marketplace.
Meaning of Entrepreneur:
The entrepreneur is defined as someone who has the ability and desire to establish, administer and
succeed in a startup venture along with risk entitled to it, to make profits. The best example of
entrepreneurship is the starting of a new business venture. The entrepreneurs are often known as a
source of new ideas or innovators, and bring new ideas in the market by replacing old with a new
invention.
It can be classified into small or home business to multinational companies. In economics, the
profits that an entrepreneur makes are with a combination of land, natural resources, labour and
capital. In a nutshell, anyone who has the will and determination to start a new company and deals
with all the risks that go with it can become an entrepreneur.
Entrepreneurship is the art of starting a business, basically a startup company offering creative
product, process or service. We can say that it is an activity full of creativity. An entrepreneur
perceives everything as a chance and displays bias in taking decision to exploit the chance.
entrepreneurs through several classroom coaching and programs, and training. The main point
Entrepreneurship Development is defined as a process of enhancing the skill set and knowledge of
entrepreneurs regarding the development, management and organization of a business venture
while keeping in mind the risks associated with it. This is carried out through training programs
and sessions which are aimed at accentuating entrepreneurial acumen. Pursuing this field as a
career, you will be working towards facilitating skill development amongst budding entrepreneurs
and assisting them to tackle their struggles with building their businesses.
What are the 4 Types of Entrepreneurship?
These businesses are a hairdresser, grocery store, travel agent, consultant, carpenter, plumber,
electrician, etc. These people run or own their own business and hire family members or local
employee. For them, the profit would be able to feed their family and not making 100 million
business or taking over an industry. They fund their business by taking small business loans or
loans from friends and family.
Scalable Startup Entrepreneurship-
This start-up entrepreneur starts a business knowing that their vision can change the world. They
attract investors who think and encourage people who think out of the box. The research focuses
on a scalable business and experimental models, so, they hire the best and the brightest employees.
They require more venture capital to fuel and back their project or business.
These huge companies have defined life-cycle. Most of these companies grow and sustain by
offering new and innovative products that revolve around their main products. The change in
technology, customer preferences, new competition, etc., builds pressure for large companies to
create an innovative product and sell it to the new set of customers in the new market. To cope
with the rapid technological changes, the existing organizations either buy innovation enterprises
or attempt to construct the product internally.
Social Entrepreneurship-
This type of entrepreneurship focuses on producing product and services that resolve social needs
and problems. Their only motto and goal is to work for society and not make any profits.
Characteristics of Entrepreneurship:
Not all entrepreneurs are successful; there are definite characteristics that make entrepreneurship
1. Ability to take a risk- Starting any new venture involves a considerable amount of failure
risk. Therefore, an entrepreneur needs to be courageous and able to evaluate and take risks,
profits out of it. Change can be the launching of a new product that is new to the market or a
process that does the same thing but in a more efficient and economical way.
3. Visionary and Leadership quality- To be successful, the entrepreneur should have a clear
vision of his new venture. However, to turn the idea into reality, a lot of resources and
employees are required. Here, leadership quality is paramount because leaders impart and
4. Open-Minded- In a business, every circumstance can be an opportunity and used for the
benefit of a company. For example, Paytm recognised the gravity of demonetization and
acknowledged the need for online transactions would be more, so it utilized the situation and
5. Flexible- An entrepreneur should be flexible and open to change according to the situation.
6. Know your Product-A company owner should know the product offerings and also be aware
of the latest trend in the market. It is essential to know if the available product or service
meets the demands of the current market, or whether it is time to tweak it a little. Being able
Importance of Entrepreneurship:
1. Creation of Employment- Entrepreneurship generates employment. It provides an entry level
job, required for gaining experience and training for unskilled workers.
2. Innovation- It is the hub of innovation that provides new product ventures, market, technology
and quality of goods, etc., and increases the standard of living of people.
3. Impact on Society and Community Development- A society becomes greater if the employment
base is large and diversified. It brings about changes in society and promotes facilities like higher
expenditure on education, better sanitation, fewer slums, a higher level of homeownership.
Therefore, entrepreneurship assists the organization towards a more stable and high quality of
community life.
5. Supports research and development- New products and services need to be researched and
tested before launching in the market. Therefore, an entrepreneur also dispenses finance for
research and development with research institutions and universities. This promotes research,
Business author Clarence Danhof classified entrepreneurs on the basis of economic development
and risk-taking. He put them into four categories:
generates new business ideas based on the information and puts these ideas into practice. They
have a shrewd business sense and create new products and new markets. Steve Jobs and Mark
Zuckerberg are examples.
2. Adoptive Entrepreneur: Such an entrepreneur is skilled in enhancing already existing ideas and
3. Fabian Entrepreneur:
Such an entrepreneur has a more orthodox and traditional approach to business. They do not
believe in taking risks or innovating. Usually, they are the second-generation business owners of
an existing business.
4. Drone Entrepreneur:
Such entrepreneurs are laggards in their fields. They are not motivated by new and exciting
opportunities to grow their business. Instead, they are happy to struggle to make ends meet. Their
approach to business can push them out of competition, especially when the market becomes too
competitive.
Trading Entrepreneur: All manufacturers do not engage in marketing their products themselves.
They look for trading partners who can increase the reach of their products to businesses and
consumers. These trading entrepreneurs are the links between the manufacturer, the wholesaler,
the retailer and the consumer.
1. Technical Entrepreneurs: These entrepreneurs are intrigued by new technology and start
businesses in the field of science and technology. They offer products and services related to
technology.
1. Women Entrepreneurs:
While entrepreneurship has been on the rise, development of women entrepreneurship has gathered
steam only in recent years. This is especially true in India. With more women having access to
education and technology, they can explore their creative sides to actually create profitable
businesses. As per the Indian government, an enterprise that gives 51% stake to women, including
51% of the employment generated to women, is considered a women entrepreneurship enterprise.
The Government of India is giving a fillip to the development of women entrepreneurship by
providing vocational and skill-building courses at minimal or no cost and by providing loans and
help for women to set up their own businesses.
2. First-generation Entrepreneurs:
These are individuals who do not belong to business families and have started their businesses
ithout any family support or backing. Deregulation has helped many individuals set up their own
usinesses. Innovative entrepreneurs are often first-generation entrepreneurs.
Since all the above categories display distinct characteristics, the types of entrepreneurship
development programs for each of these categories must be focused and different.
6Cs that motivate entrepreneurs to establish their own business are as follows −
1. Change − Entrepreneurs frequently want change, not only change, they also want to be the
bearers of change. They are solution givers and want to interrupt the status quo. They have a vision
like "I want to assemble the world's information" or "I want to put an AC at every desk" and they
take an attempt to make this change. In this attempt, some succeed and some fail.
2. Challenge − some people love challenges and they opt for starting a new business as it is very
challenging to handle big problems. These people find typical job in a big corporate as boring and
not challenging enough.
3. Creativity − Running one’s own business is all about being more creative and having the
independence to make new discoveries. For example, testing a new website design, launching a
new marketing scheme, creating inventive items that solve a known issue in a different way,
creating new advertising campaigns, etc. One needs to have an infinite room to welcome and
introduce creativity in a small business.
4. Control − some people tend to start a business because they don't want to be pushed around and
work for a product/company in which they have no way to shape their destiny. They want to be
their own boss having their own time, own pace, location of their choice, employees of their choice
and have a progressive role in deciding the direction of the company.
5. Curiosity − Successful entrepreneurs are always anxious and ask − "what if we do X this way?”
They want to have more than one option to do a work and choose the best one from them. They
want to understand the customer's perceptions, point of views, markets and competitors. They are
frequently anxious to see how their particular theory like "people want to do A with B" works. In
this aspect, they can’t be differentiated from a scientist who is trying to prove his theorem.
6. Cash − the last but not the least part is the cash. Money says it all. Many no entrepreneurs have
a misconception that cash comes first for entrepreneurs but this is never really true. If this would
be the case, then there is no reason for an Ellison or Gates to keep expanding their business
aggressively after they have made more than billion dollars. However, money is not the primary
motivation.
Introduction to Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship is the art of starting a business, basically a startup company offering creative
product, process or service. We can say that it is an activity full of creativity. An entrepreneur
perceives everything as a chance and displays bias in taking decision to exploit the chance. An
entrepreneur is a creator or a designer who designs new ideas and business processes according to
the market requirements and his/her own passion. To be a successful entrepreneur, it is very
important to have managerial skill and strong team building abilities. Leadership attributes are a
sign of successful entrepreneurs. Some political economists regard leadership, management ability,
and team building skills to be the essential qualities of an entrepreneur.
n entrepreneur is an innovator or a creator who introduces something new to the firm or economy.
It can be a new method of production, a new product, a new source of material, a new market or
any other similar innovation. Thus, an entrepreneur is an innovator, creator, borrower, purchaser,
etc. Some famous entrepreneurs are Azim Premji, Lakshmi Mittal, and Ekta Kapoor.
Entrepreneurship is the ability and readiness to develop, organize and run a business enterprise,
along with any of its uncertainties in order to make a profit. The most prominent example of
entrepreneurship is the starting of new businesses.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SUCCESSFUL ENTREPRENEUR
4. Self-Motivation
8. Recruitment of men
QUALITIES OF ENTREPRENEUR
Being an entrepreneur is about more than just starting a business or two, it is about having attitude
and the drive to succeed in business. All successful Entrepreneurs have a similar way of thinking
and possess several key personal qualities that make them so successful in business. Successful
entrepreneurs like the ambitious Richard Branson have an inner drive to succeed and grow their
business, rather than having a Harvard Business degree or technical knowledge in a particular
field.
Successful entrepreneurs have a healthy opinion of themselves and often have a strong and
assertive personality. They are focused and determined to achieve their goals and believe
completely in their ability to achieve them. Their self-optimism can often been seen by others as
flamboyance or arrogance but entrepreneurs are just too focused to spend too much time thinking
about un-constructive criticism.
Search for New Ideas and Innovation
All entrepreneurs have a passionate desire to do things better and to improve their products or
service. They are constantly looking for ways to improve. They're creative, innovative and
resourceful.
Openness to Change
If something is not working for them they simply change. Entrepreneurs know the importance of
keeping on top of their industry and the only way to being number one is to evolve and change
with the times. They're up to date with the latest technology or service techniques and are always
ready to change if they see a new opportunity arise.
Competitive by Nature
Successful entrepreneurs thrive on competition. The only way to reach their goals and live up to
their self imposed high standards is to compete with other successful businesses.
Entrepreneurs are always on the move, full of energy and highly motivated. They are driven to
succeed and have an abundance of self-motivation. The high standards and ambition of many
entrepreneurs demand that they have to be motivated!
Innovative entrepreneurs are often at the forefront of their industry so they hear the words "it
can't be done" quite a bit. They readjust their path if the criticism is constructive and useful to their
overall plan, otherwise they will simply disregard the comments as pessimism. Also, the best
entrepreneurs know that rejection and obstacles are a part of any leading business and they deal
with them appropriately.
True entrepreneurs are resourceful, passionate and driven to succeed and improve. They're
pioneers and are comfortable fighting on the frontline The great ones are ready to be laughed at
and criticized in the beginning because they can see their path ahead and are too busy working
towards their dream.
ENTREPRENEURIAL PROCESS
Definition: The Entrepreneur is a change agent that acts as an industrialist and undertakes the risk
associated with forming the business for commercial use. An entrepreneur has an unusual foresight
to identify the potential demand for the goods and services. The entrepreneurship is a continuous
process that needs to be followed by an entrepreneur to plan and launch the new ventures more
efficiently.
Entrepreneurial Process
1. Discovery: An entrepreneurial process begins with the idea generation, wherein the entrepreneur
identifies and evaluates the business opportunities. The identification and the evaluation of
opportunities is a difficult task; an entrepreneur seeks inputs from all the persons including
employees, consumers, channel partners, technical people, etc. to reach to an optimum business
opportunity. Once the opportunity has been decided upon, the next step is to evaluate it.
2. Developing a Business Plan: Once the opportunity is identified, an entrepreneur needs to create
a comprehensive business plan. A business plan is critical to the success of any new venture since
it acts as a benchmark and the evaluation criteria to see if the organization is moving towards its
set goals.
An entrepreneur must dedicate his sufficient time towards its creation, the major components of a
business plan are mission and vision statement, goals and objectives, capital requirement, a
description of products and services, etc.
3. Resourcing: The third step in the entrepreneurial process is resourcing, wherein the entrepreneur
identifies the sources from where the finance and the human resource can be arranged. Here, the
entrepreneur finds the investors for its new venture and the personnel to carry out the business
activities.
4. Managing the company: Once the funds are raised and the employees are hired, the next step is
to initiate the business operations to achieve the set goals. First of all, an entrepreneur must decide
the management structure or the hierarchy that is required to solve the operational problems when
they arise.
5. Harvesting: The final step in the entrepreneurial process is harvesting wherein, an entrepreneur
decides on the future prospects of the business, i.e. its growth and development. Here, the actual
growth is compared against the planned growth and then the decision regarding the stability or the
expansion of business operations is undertaken accordingly, by an entrepreneur.
The entrepreneurial process is to be followed, again and again, whenever any new venture is taken
up by an entrepreneur, therefore, its an ever ending process.
Entrepreneurs are visionary, creative, confident, opportunity seeker, relation builder, and risktaker
individuals who decided to ditch the nine-to-five lifestyle to set up their own businesses, taking on
financial risks in the hope for profit. But what is the making of such individuals? What factors play
behind the scenes to produce them? Entrepreneurship, in fact, is a complex phenomenon
influenced by the interplay of many distinct factors.
Economic Factors
The economic environment exercises the most direct and immediate influence on
entrepreneurship. This is likely because people become entrepreneurs due to necessity when there
are no jobs. “In countries where the economy is poorer, or where unemployment rates are high,
citizens turn to starting their own small businesses where they see opportunity,” Trilby Rajna of
Approved Index said. Economic factors impacting entrepreneurship include:
1. Capital
Capital is one of the most important factors, yet one of the biggest barriers when launching a new
business. Entrepreneurs require capital to start risky ventures and also require instant capital to
scale up the business quickly if the idea is found to be successful. There are however numerous
ways to fund a new venture including bank loans, crowdfunding, and bootstrapping.
2. Labor
The availability of labor impacts entrepreneurship. Nevertheless, the quality rather than the
quantity of labor influences the emergence and growth of entrepreneurship.
3. Raw Materials
The necessity of raw materials consisting of natural resources hardly needs any emphasis for
establishing any industrial activity and the emergence of entrepreneurship. The absence of raw
materials adversely affects the entrepreneurial development.
Psychological Factors
They say entrepreneurship is not for the faint of heart. But then for whom is it! What does it take
for an individual to become an entrepreneur? While there isn’t a single “ideal” entrepreneurial
personality, one thing remains constant: an entrepreneurial spirit. This type of spirit entails many
traits and characters that make 400 million entrepreneurs out of 7 billion people worldwide.
1. Passion
Starting up a new business is not an easy task to pull off and a consistent and constant commitment
to the idea and the long hours it will require to turn it to a success is essential. Passion is the fuel
of this commitment that motivates entrepreneurs to rise early in the morning and put their blood,
sweat, and tears into their business.
Entrepreneurs are self-starters with a need to achieve. This achievement motivation isn’t
necessarily driven by the incentives of financial gain only but also by the satisfaction gain. To add,
entrepreneurs’ motivation extends to reach their employees and partners to keep them on the same
page and drive them to achieve as well.
3. Resilience
Resilience comes with the package of the entrepreneurial spirit to help entrepreneurs stay
determined in the face of any defeat they might encounter throughout the process. Failure is then
a mere lesson to learn from and continue instead of giving up.
Social Factors
Social factors can go a long way in boosting entrepreneurship. In fact, it was the highly helpful
society that made the industrial revolution a glorious success in Europe. Such factors strongly
affect the entrepreneurial behavior, which contributes to entrepreneurial growth. The main
components of the social environment
include:
1. Family Background
Family background including the size, type, and economic status can influence entrepreneurs and;
therefore, entrepreneurship. Nonetheless, the entrepreneurial spirit does not necessarily run in the
family. According to some sources, 51.9% of all entrepreneurs were the first to launch a business
in their family. Furthermore, less than 1% of all entrepreneurs come from extremely rich or
extremely poor families.
2. Education
Studies state that 95.1% of all entrepreneurs hold a bachelor degree, 47% of those have advanced
in their education and acquired masters, Ph.D. or the like. This is a well enough indicator of the
importance of education to the development of entrepreneurship.
3. Social Networks
Interacting with the surrounding society and forming a reliable network is essential. Social
networks facilitate access to information and influence the quality, quantity, and speed of
information reception thus help identify opportunities.
1. Dependency
b. Intrapreneur: But, an intrapreneur is dependent on the entrepreneur, i.e., the owner. He depends
on corporate owner. He works for corporation under defined rules and regulations.
2. Core objective
3. Capital/ Investment
a. Entrepreneur: He manages required capital himself. He raises fund for new business.
b. Intrapreneur: He does not need to manage required fund because corporation raises capital for
the business.
4. Risk Bearing
a. Entrepreneur: he bears the risk involved in the business. He bears 100% business risk. He risks
own money.
b. Intrapreneur: He does not fully bear the risk involved in the enterprise. He does not bear full
risk of the business, He risks others money.
5. Primary Motive
b. Intrapreneur: He has the motive of advancement and promotion with fixed salary.
6. Time Bound
a. Entrepreneur: He does not follow strict timetable. It may take several years for the growth of
the business.
7. Mind-set
a.Entrepreneur: He is guided by the principle of ‘Problems provide opportunities’.
b.Intrapreneur: He thinks that the problems are threats for him and his corporation.
1. Determination
The refusal to fear failure keeps entrepreneurs going. As setbacks happen, entrepreneurs seek
solutions instead of focusing on the negative.
2. Focus
Entrepreneurs rarely allow distractions to take their minds off matters at hand. It’s a quality that
many UAGC students develop in college. As busy students, most are required to balance school
with the responsibilities of work and family.
3. Drive
Entrepreneurs are driven to make their ideas work, so much so that they develop daily habits in
4. Decisiveness
When you’re the head of an entrepreneurial venture, everything falls on you. Time is money, so
the ability to make rational decisions quickly can help an entrepreneur avoid wasteful thoughts
and
actions.
5. Independence
Though networking plays a big part in sharing ideas and gaining perspective, entrepreneurs are
very comfortable taking matters into their own hands. The need for independence is one of the
reasons why a person who has already enjoyed a long career in business may break from their
company to strike out on their own.
6. Authenticity
There is a genuineness to entrepreneurs; they’re not phonies. Even if people don’t always believe
in their ideas, you cannot question their passion for what they are hoping to create.
7. Flexibility
9-to-5 is not really an option for entrepreneurs. They’re thinking about their ideas 24/7, and have
no qualms about getting down to work at any time of the day or night. It’s a trait they share with
UAGC students who are perfectly comfortable finishing a paper after the kids have gone to bed,
or reading the chapter of a book on their phones during their lunch breaks.
Entrepreneurs have a natural desire to learn, and this is what often drives them to earn their degrees.
They have ideas, but they recognize that much more information is needed to bring those ideas to
life.
9. Creativity
The ability to think outside the box and improvise when necessary is an essential element of the
entrepreneurial mindset. Entrepreneurs can see how something is done and imagine how it can be
done better.
.
Entrepreneurial personality:
1. Seeing opportunities
The first part is seeing opportunities. Everyone sees opportunities. For example, you walk past an
empty building, and you fantasize about what you could start there. However, you can also observe
an opportunity within an entrepreneurial venture or public organization. For example, a CEO or
receptionist envisions another approach that saves the company a lot of money. However, if you
don’t take action, it’s nothing more than dreaming and fantasizing.
2. Seizing opportunities
The second part follows the first part, which is really starting to do something with the opportunity.
Or at least investigate whether it makes sense to implement the perceived probability. Is it
financially feasible? Are you the right person to take that opportunity? Do you have the
entrepreneurial personality and personal qualities to realize the opportunity?
3. Creating value
The third and last part is the creation of value. Even if you exploit the opportunity, meaning the
approach that you have devised for the organization where you work actually saves money, the
question remains if it is sufficient. Can you make enough money with the business you started in
the vacant building? And value is of course, much more than just money.