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The document provides an overview of key mathematical concepts including polynomials, factoring, rational expressions, quadratic equations, coordinate geometry, and statistics & probability. It outlines definitions, operations, and formulas relevant to each topic, along with tips for Grade 9 math students. Essential formulas such as the distance formula, midpoint formula, and quadratic formula are highlighted for memorization and practice.

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75 views3 pages

Untitled Document

The document provides an overview of key mathematical concepts including polynomials, factoring, rational expressions, quadratic equations, coordinate geometry, and statistics & probability. It outlines definitions, operations, and formulas relevant to each topic, along with tips for Grade 9 math students. Essential formulas such as the distance formula, midpoint formula, and quadratic formula are highlighted for memorization and practice.

Uploaded by

escosarcjmogeljo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1.

Polynomials
●​ Polynomial – expression with variables and coefficients.​

○​ Example: 3x2+2x−53x^2 + 2x - 53x2+2x−5​

●​ Degree – highest exponent (ex: x3x^3x3 → degree 3).​

●​ Operations​

○​ Addition/Subtraction → combine like terms.​

○​ Multiplication → distributive property, special products.​

■​ Square of a binomial: (a+b)2=a2+2ab+b2(a+b)^2 = a^2 + 2ab +


b^2(a+b)2=a2+2ab+b2​

■​ Difference of squares: (a+b)(a−b)=a2−b2(a+b)(a-b) = a^2 -


b^2(a+b)(a−b)=a2−b2​

2. Factoring
●​ Common Factor: 6x2+9x=3x(2x+3)6x^2 + 9x = 3x(2x+3)6x2+9x=3x(2x+3)​

●​ Difference of Two Squares: a2−b2=(a+b)(a−b)a^2 - b^2 = (a+b)(a-b)a2−b2=(a+b)(a−b)​

●​ Perfect Square Trinomial: a2+2ab+b2=(a+b)2a^2 + 2ab + b^2 =


(a+b)^2a2+2ab+b2=(a+b)2​

●​ General Trinomials: ax2+bx+cax^2 + bx + cax2+bx+c → factor if possible.​

3. Rational Expressions
●​ Simplifying: divide numerator and denominator by common factor.​
●​ Operations​

○​ Addition/Subtraction → use LCD.​

○​ Multiplication → multiply straight across.​

○​ Division → multiply by reciprocal.​

4. Quadratic Equations
●​ Standard form: ax2+bx+c=0ax^2 + bx + c = 0ax2+bx+c=0​

●​ Methods of Solving​

○​ Factoring​

○​ Completing the square​

○​ Quadratic formula:​
x=−b±b2−4ac2ax = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a}x=2a−b±b2−4ac​​
●​ Discriminant (b2−4acb^2 - 4acb2−4ac)​

○​ 0 → 2 real roots​
​

○​ = 0 → 1 real root​

○​ < 0 → no real root​

5. Coordinate Geometry
●​ Distance Formula:​
d=(x2−x1)2+(y2−y1)2d = \sqrt{(x_2 - x_1)^2 + (y_2 - y_1)^2}d=(x2​−x1​)2+(y2​−y1​)2​
●​ Midpoint Formula:​
M=(x1+x22,y1+y22)M = \left(\frac{x_1+x_2}{2},
\frac{y_1+y_2}{2}\right)M=(2x1​+x2​​,2y1​+y2​​)
●​ Slope of a Line:​
m=y2−y1x2−x1m = \frac{y_2-y_1}{x_2-x_1}m=x2​−x1​y2​−y1​​
●​ Equation of a Line​

○​ Point-slope: y−y1=m(x−x1)y - y_1 = m(x-x_1)y−y1​=m(x−x1​)​

○​ Slope-intercept: y=mx+by = mx + by=mx+b​

6. Statistics & Probability


●​ Mean (average): sum of datanumber of data\frac{\text{sum of data}}{\text{number of
data}}number of datasum of data​​

●​ Median – middle value when arranged in order.​

●​ Mode – most frequent value.​

●​ Probability Formula:​
P(E)=number of favorable outcomestotal possible outcomesP(E) = \frac{\text{number of
favorable outcomes}}{\text{total possible outcomes}}P(E)=total possible
outcomesnumber of favorable outcomes​

📌 Tips for Grade 9 Math


●​ Memorize formulas (distance, midpoint, slope, quadratic formula).​

●​ Practice factoring and solving quadratics.​

●​ Solve word problems step by step (define what is asked, what is given, then solve).

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