My super

shapers! EeeBee is
here to explore the world of
lines, curves, and corners. Let's
discover the amazing shapes
and beautiful patterns that
are all around us!

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9 GEOMETRICAL SHAPES
Learning Outcomes
AND PATTERN
By the end of this chapter, you will
be able to:
 Identify flat (2D) and solid (3D)
shapes. What shape is your
sandwich? What about a
 Describe shapes by their sides,
ball? Have you ever
corners, and faces.
noticed the pattern on a
 Recognize and continue simple butterfly's wings or your
p a t te r n s i n s h a p e s a n d grandma’s saree?
numbers. Shapes and patterns
make our world beautiful.
Let’s learn their names
and secrets!

The Big Question

From Last Year’s Notebook

We see shapes in
buildings, car wheels, and
dice. We find patterns in
rangoli designs, floor tiles,
and even in music!
We are already experts at spotting basic Geometry helps us
shapes like circles and squares. Now, we will describe and create
learn more about them and discover how beautiful things.
they come together to create amazing
patterns! Real Math, Real Life
 Straight and Curved Lines

We can draw different types of shapes with the help of straight and curved lines. Take a piece of thread.
Stretch the thread tightly from the two opposite ends. You will get a straight line. Now let it loose, you
will get curved line.

Straight lines Straight lines Curved lines

Concrete Example:
1. Take a piece of string or dhaga.
2. Hold it from both ends and pull it tight. Look! You have made a straight line. The edge of your ruler
is a straight line.
3. Now, let the string become loose and floppy. It forms a curved line. A smile is a curved line!

Pictorial Representation:
Look at these pictures from a village.
A split panel image.
• Left Side: A straight, calm backwater
canal with a long boat. Label: “Straight
Path, Straight Line”.
• Right Side: A winding village road going
around coconut trees. Label: “Winding
Road, Curved Line”.
Abstract Representation:
• A line that does not bend is a straight
line.
• A line that bends is a curved line.

Example: A cricket bat has a straight edge for hitting the ball. The cricket ball itself has a curved surface.
Example: The path of a rocket going up is a straight line. The path of a ball thrown to a friend is a curved
line.

Fun Flash
The shortest way to get from one point to another is always a straight line! That’s why
crows often fly straight to their destination.
 Brain
Booster
Can you draw a shape using ONLY straight lines? Can you draw a shape using ONLY one
curved line?

For the Teacher

Give each child a piece of yarn or thick thread. Call out “straight” and “curved” and have them
create the lines. This kinesthetic activity reinforces the concept physically.

Exercise 9.1

1. Fill in the blank :

a) A __________ has two endpoints.
b) A __________ goes on forever in both directions.
c) A __________ starts at one point and goes on endlessly in one direction.
d) A __________ line bends and does not stay straight.
e) A closed shape made only of straight lines is called a __________.
2. Look at the letter S. Does it have straight lines or curved lines?
3. Look at the letter L. Does it have straight lines or curved lines?
4. Find two things in your classroom that have a straight edge.
5. What type of line does an electric wire hanging tightly between two poles show?
6. Which kind of line is seen in a river that curves through a forest?
7. When you shine a laser pointer, what kind of line does the beam make?
8. What type of lines are formed by the edges of a door or window?
9. When you look at a coiled spring, what type of line do you observe?

Flat Shapes: Our 2D Friends

When we draw on paper, we make flat shapes. These are also called 2D (2-Dimensional) shapes. Let’s
meet the most common ones.
Concrete Example:
Let’s go on a shape hunt in our kitchen!
• A round chapati or the top of a steel dabba has the shape of a Circle.
image
• A slice of bread or a biscuit can be a Square or a Rectangle. image
• A delicious, folded samosa or a paratha cut in half looks like a Triangle.
image
 Abstract Representation:
Let’s learn about their parts. Image correction
• Sides: The straight lines that make a shape.
• Vertices (or Corners): The point where two sides meet.

Common 2D Shapes and Their Properties:

Shape Sides Corners (Vertices) Special Features
Triangle 3 3 3 straight sides, 3 angles
Square 4 4 All sides equal, all angles right
Rectangle 4 4 Opposite sides equal, 4 right angles
Circle 0 0 Round, no sides or corners
Oval 0 0 Looks like a stretched circle
Pentagon 5 5 5 sides and 5 corners
Hexagon 6 6 6 sides and 6 corners
Example: A carom board is a square. It has 4 equal sides and 4 corners.
Example: A `100 note is a rectangle. Its opposite sides are equal in length.

Fun Flash
Stop signs on the road are often in the shape of an octagon, a shape with 8 sides!

Brain
Booster
If you join two squares side-by-side, what new shape do you get?
 For the Teacher
For the Teacher: Provide cut-outs of circles, squares, rectangles, and triangles. Ask students
to create pictures with them—a house, a train, a person. This encourages creativity while
reinforcing shape recognition.

Exercise 9.2

1. Fill in the blank :

a) A __________ has 3 sides and 3 corners.
b) A __________ has 4 equal sides and 4 corners.
c) A shape with no corners and no straight sides is a __________.
d) A __________ has 6 sides.
e) A __________ has 4 sides, but only opposite sides are equal.
2. How many corners does a samosa have?
3. Which shape has no straight sides and no corners?
4. Look at the Indian flag. What is the shape of the whole flag? What is the shape of the Ashoka
Chakra in the middle?
5. Look at your room and name two objects that are shaped like:
a) A rectangle — ________________
b) A circle — ________________
c) A triangle — ________________

Solid Shapes: Our 3D Friends

Shapes that you can hold and that take up space are called solid shapes or 3D (3-Dimensional) shapes.
They are not flat!
Concrete Example:
Let’s look at the objects from Kabir and Meera’s festival day.
• A sweet laddoo is a Sphere.
• A box of sweets or your pencil box is a Cuboid.
• A Rubik’s Cube or a dice is a Cube.
• A party hat or an ice cream cone is a Cone.
• A can of juice or a dholak is a Cylinder.
 Pictorial Representation:
Imagine a birthday party for your friend Aman!
A colourful birthday party scene.
• A boy, Aman, is wearing a conical party hat (Cone).
• On the table is a cylindrical cake (Cylinder).
• There are spherical balloons (Sphere).
• Presents are wrapped in boxes shaped like a
Cube and a Cuboid.
Abstract Representation:
• Solid shapes have faces, edges, and vertices.
• Face: The flat or curved surface of a solid.
• Edge: Where two faces meet. It’s a line.
• Vertex: The corner where edges meet. It’s a
point.

Faces, Edges and Corners

The outside of a solid is called its face and two faces meet to make an edge.

Vertex
Faces

Vertex
Edge
Edge
Different shapes have different types of faces and edges.

Solids

The outside of a solid is called its face and two faces meet to make an edge.

For the Teacher

reate a “Shape Museum” on a table with real-life objects (ball, box, can, funnel, dice). Let children
handle the objects, count their faces, edges, and vertices, and feel the difference between flat
and curved surfaces.
Example: A brick used to build a house is a cuboid. It has 6 flat faces.
Example: A sharpened pencil has a cone at its tip and the rest of its body is like a long cylinder.

Fun Flash
The Earth is a giant sphere!

Brain
Booster
Can you stack three spheres on top of each other? Why or why not? Can you stack three
cubes?
 Exercise 9.3

1. Fill in the blank :

a) A __________ has no edges or corners and looks like a ball.
b) A __________ has 6 flat faces, all shaped like rectangles.
c) A __________ has a circular base and a pointed top.
d) A __________ has 2 circular flat faces and 1 curved face.
e) A __________ has 6 equal square faces.
2. Tick () the correct option:

a) cylinder/cone b) cube/cuboid

c) cube/cuboid d) sphere/cylinder

e) cube/cone f) cone/cylinder

3. Which solid shape does a football look like?

4. What 3D shape is a dice an example of?
5. A cold drink can is shaped like which solid shape?
6. Which solid shape looks like an ice cream cone?
7. What is the shape of a brick used in building walls?

Point and Line Segment

• A point is a tiny dot that shows a position or place (like a dot on paper).
• A line segment is a straight path between two points (like the edge of a ruler).
• We measure line segments using a scale/ruler, usually in centimetres (cm) or millimetres (mm).
Point
We use a dot to represent a point.
A point has no size. We name it by a capital letter. A dot made with a sharp pencil
represents a point.
It is a triangle. It has 3 corners (vertices) and 3 sides. Each corner represents a point. A

B C
A line has no end or beginning. It can be extended to any length. A line is an infinite number of points
joined together. It is denoted by the symbol AB. A line segment means a part of a line. It has a fixed
length. It has two end points.
Measuring Line Segments
The distance between two points on a line is called a line segment. It is denoted by the symbol, AB. A
line segment has fixed length.
Let’s learn to measure a line segment. Now we use a scale to measure the line segment.
Centimetres and inches are marked along the two edges of the scale. The zero (0) mark on the scale is
the beginning point.
Let’s measure the length of a line segment PQ in centimetres.
Step 1 Place the edge of the scale showing centimetres along the line segment PQ.
Step 2 Adjust your scale in such a way that the zero (0) mark of the scale is at the point ‘P’.
Step 3 Read the scale at the point ‘Q’. Here the mark on the scale is at 6 cm. So, we say, line segment PQ
is 6 cm.

Drawing Line Segments

Now we will learn to draw a line segment of a given length.
How will you draw a line segment of 5 cm?
Step 1 Place and press the scale on the paper. Then mark two points A and B against the marks 0 and 5
of the scale.

Step 2 Keeping the scale evenly, move the pencil from A to B along the edge of the scale. The line
segment AB is of length 5 cm.
Example: Identifying a Line Segment
Question: What is the name of the line segment between points A and B?
Solution:
• It is called line segment AB. For the Teacher
• It starts at point A and ends at point B. Use rulers and paper strips in class
Example: Measuring a Line Segment to let children draw and measure
Question: Line segment CD is drawn on paper. When measured line segments. Encourage them to
with a scale, it is 6 cm long. name points, label segments, and
practice real measurement using
What is the length of line segment CD? cm and mm.
Solution:
• Length = 6 Fun Fact: The shortest distance between two points is always a straight line—that’s a
line segment
Brain
Booster
Use a ruler and draw a line segment that is 5 cm long. Now label the ends as P and Q.
What is the name and length of the line segment?
 Exercise 9.4

1. Read these line segments:

a) Q b) X c) N

M
P
Y
Ans = PQ or QP Ans = ____ or ____ Ans = ____ or ____
2. Count the number of line segments in each figure given below:
a) L b) A B c) U V P Q
d) S T
R
G H C D
Z W
U
V
M N F E
Y X
3. a) Find the length of the following line segments with the help of the scale:
i) M ii) iii)

R S
L

(b) Which of the above line segments is the shortest and longest?
(c) What is the difference in the lengths of the longest and shortest line segments?
4. Draw the line segments of the given length. Name them as directed:
(a) AB = 3 cm (b) PQ = 5 cm (c) CD = 8 cm (d) XY = 7 cm
5. Measure each side of the following figure: B
AB = ...........cm CD = ...........cm A
C
BC = ...........cm AD = ...........cm
D
6. You are measuring the length of your pencil using a ruler. What geometric concept are you using?
7. If you stretch a string tightly between two nails on a wall, what does it represent in geometry?
8. You mark two points, A and B, on a paper and join them with a ruler. What have you drawn?
 Open and Closed Figures

• An open figure is a shape that does not end where it started. It has gaps or is not fully joined.
(Like an incomplete circle or a curved line.)
• A closed figure is a shape where all the lines connect back to the starting point.
(Like squares, triangles, and circles.)
Examples:
• Open Figures: A curve, an angle with ends not joined, a broken line.
• Closed Figures: Square, triangle, rectangle, circle.

Look at the figures drawn above. All these shapes are made by lines in which a set of points change
their direction. They have the same starting and end point. Thus, these are closed figures.

Look at the figures above. All these figures have different end points. These figures do not end at the
starting point. Hence these are called open figures.
Example: Identify the Figure
Question: Is a triangle an open or closed figure?
Answer: A closed figure – all sides are joined.
Example: Drawing
Question: Draw one open figure and one closed figure.
Solution: Open: A curved line with ends not touching. Closed: A rectangle or a circle.

Fun Flash
All 2D shapes are closed figures—that’s what makes them real shapes!

Brain
Booster
Which of these is a closed figure? A) A wiggly line, B) A square, C) An open hook
 For the Teacher
Let children draw both open and closed figures using pencils and stencils. Use string loops or
paper cut-outs to help them feel and see the difference between open and closed shapes.

Exercise 9.5

1. Look at the following figures. Write open/closed below the figures:

a) b) c)

Ans = PQ or QP Ans = ____ or ____ Ans = ____ or ____

d) e) f)

2. Reflect the shape in the dotted line:

a) b)

3. Tick (ü) the figures that are symmetrical:

a) b) c) d) e)

4. A round clock on the wall has no gaps in its shape. Is it an open or closed figure?
5. A necklace chain lying open on the table doesn’t form a loop. What kind of figure does it show?
6. The shape of a bangles is a complete circle. What type of figure is this?
7. If you draw a square and forget to join one side, is it an open or closed figure?
8. The outline of a closed book forms a rectangle. Is this a closed figure? Why?
 Symmetry: Mirror Halves

Have you ever noticed how a butterfly’s wings are the same on both sides? That’s symmetry! Image of
butterfly’s wings Image of butterfly’s wings
Concrete Example:
1. Take a square piece of paper.
2. Fold it exactly in half.
3. Unfold it. The fold line you made is a line of symmetry. It divides the shape into two exact mirror
halves.
Abstract Representation:
• A shape is symmetrical if it can be folded along a line so that the two halves match perfectly.
• This fold line is called the line of symmetry or the mirror line.
Example:
Look at the pictures given below:
Observe that the dotted line divides each picture into two similar mirror halves.
i)

ii)

iii)

Making Patterns From Geometrical Shapes

Look at the following pattern.

1st2 nd 3rd4 th 5th

What do you observe?
For the Teacher
• 1st: It is a horizontal line.
• 2nd: A vertical line is joined from the right end. Give children small, handheld
mirrors. Let them place the mirror
• 3rd: A horizontal line is joined from the right end. on the line of symmetry of different
• 4th: A vertical line is joined from the right end. letters and shapes to see how the
• 5th: A horizontal line is joined from the right end. reflection completes the shape.
Fun Flash
A starfish is a great example of symmetry in nature. Many have 5 lines of symmetry!

Brain
Booster
A square has 4 lines of symmetry. Can you find them all? (Hint: Fold it in different ways!)

Exercise 9.6

1. Some pictures are given below.

Using the dotted line, divide those pictures which form into two similar halves.

2. Complete the following sequences:

 Exercise 9.6

3. When a butterfly closes its wings, both sides look the same. What does this tell us about its
symmetry?
4. You fold a leaf in half and both sides match. What kind of symmetry does the leaf show?
5. If you cut an apple exactly in the middle, both halves look alike. Is this an example of symmetry?
6. Look at a human face in a mirror. Which side looks like the other? What type of line is this called?
7. A rangoli design has equal patterns on both sides. Does it have symmetry? Why or why not?

Patterns: The Rhythm of Maths

Patterns are all around us, from the stripes on a tiger to the design on a saree border. They are things
that repeat in a logical way.
1. Shape Patterns
Concrete Example:
Let’s make a necklace for your mother! Take some beads. Arrange them like this:
Round bead, Square bead, Round bead, Square bead...
This is a simple pattern!

Pictorial Representation:
Look at the beautiful grill on this window in Jaipur. It has a repeating pattern of shapes.

Image : A close-up of a simple ‘Jaali’ (lattice) window. Show a repeating pattern, for example, a star
shape followed by a hexagon, repeating across the grill. Circle one unit of the repeating pattern.
Abstract Representation:
A shape pattern is a sequence of shapes that repeats. To find the
pattern, look for the part that repeats.
Example: ▲, ●, ▲, ●, ▲, ●, ... (The pattern is Triangle, Circle)

2. Number Patterns
Concrete Example:
Raju is saving money. He saves ₹5 every day.
Day 1: ₹5, Day 2: ₹10, Day 3: ₹15
This is a growing number pattern. He is adding 5 each time.
 Abstract Representation:
Number patterns can grow (increase) or shrink (decrease).
• Growing Pattern: 2, 4, 6, 8, ... (Rule: Add 2)
• Shrinking Pattern: 50, 40, 30, 20, ... (Rule: Subtract 10)

Now, let us study some more number patterns.

Multiples of 5
Look at the following sequence.

It can also be written as 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50.
What do you observe?
The numbers are arranged in an increasing order (ascending order).
Each number is 5 greater than its previous number.
If we place these numbers in the reverse order, we get:

In this sequence, each number is 5 less than its previous number. We can say that the numbers are
arranged in the decreasing order (descending order). Multiples of 8
Similarly, we get

Here, each number is 8 greater than its previous one.

Also, on arranging in reverse order, we get:

In this sequence, each number is 8 less than its previous one.

 Even and Odd Numbers

Even Numbers
We have read that 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, ....... are even numbers.
These numbers are in pairs.
For the Teacher
Also, 2 ÷ 2 = 1, 4 ÷ 2 = 2, 6 ÷ 2 = 3, and so on.
Use vegetable printing for a fun
Thus, these numbers can be divided by 2 also. pattern activity. Cut a potato in
Now, we can say the following : half and carve a simple shape (like a
star). Let children dip it in paint and
The numbers which can be divided by 2 are called even create repeating patterns on paper.
numbers.
Odd Numbers
We know that 3, 9, 11, 13, 15, ............... are odd numbers. These are not in pairs.
Can you divide these numbers by 2 ?
Of course, not . 3 ÷ 2 = ?, 9 ÷ 2 = ?
Now, we can say the following :
The numbers which cannot be divided by 2 are called odd numbers.

Fun Flash
The seasons of the year (Summer, Monsoon, Winter) follow a pattern that repeats every
year!

Brain
Booster
Create your own secret code pattern using shapes for letters. For example, ▲=A, ●=B,
■=C. How would you write your name?

Exercise 9.7

1. Some pictures are given below.

a) 100, 200, 300, _________, _________, _________,
b) 50, 100, 150, _________,_________,_________,
c) 726, 720, 714, _________,_________,_________,
d) 80, 90, 100, _________,_________,_________,
2. What comes next?
a) 553, 546, 539 .............. . b) 552, 560, 568.............. . c) 744, 738, 732 .............. .
d) 959, 952, 945 .............. . e) 845, 840, 835 .............. . f) 984, 992, 1000 .............. .
 Exercise 9.7

3. The border of your notebook has triangle, circle, triangle, circle... What shape should come next?
4. The elevator stops on floors in this pattern: 2, 4, 6, 8... What is the next floor number?
5. A boy skips counting by 5: 5, 10, 15, 20... What number will he say after 20?
6. There are 7 chairs in a row. One chair is left empty. Is 7 an even or an odd number?
7. A box has 12 pencils. If you divide them equally between 2 students, will each get an even
number?

Maths Lab Activity Collaboration

Shape Detectives
Objective: To identify and describe 3D shapes using the sense of touch.
You will need:
• A cloth bag or a jhola that you cannot see through.
• A collection of everyday Indian objects: a cricket ball or a lemon (sphere), a small rectangular box
like an agarbatti box (cuboid), a dice (cube), a small funnel or birthday cap (cone), a small steel
glass or can (cylinder).
Let’s Begin!:
1. Work with a partner. One person is the “Detective” and the other is the “Assistant”.
2. The Assistant secretly puts one object from the collection into the jhola.
3. The Detective puts their hand inside the bag (no peeking!).
4. The Detective must feel the object and describe it. Ask questions like:
• “Does it have flat faces or curved faces?”
• “Can I feel any sharp corners (vertices)?”
• “Can it roll?”
5. Based on the clues, the Detective guesses the name of the solid shape (e.g., “It’s a sphere!”).
6. Take the object out to see if the guess was right! Swap roles and play again.
Learning Outcome: This activity helps you understand the properties of 3D shapes (faces, edges,
vertices, curved/flat surfaces) in a fun, hands-on way.

Visual Summary: My Shape and Pattern Map

[Image Prompt for Illustrator] correction in image Create a colourful and simple mind map for a child.
Center Bubble: “Shapes & Patterns”
• Branch 1 (Lines): Shows a straight line and a curved line.
• Branch 2 (2D Shapes): Shows a Triangle (3 sides, 3 corners), a Square (4 equal sides), and a Circle (0
 corners).
• Branch 3 (3D Shapes): Shows a Cube (like a dice), a Sphere (like a ball), and a Cone (like a birthday
hat).
• Branch 4 (Symmetry): Shows a drawing of a butterfly with a dotted line down the middle.
• Branch 5 (Patterns): Shows a simple repeating pattern: Star, Moon, Star, Moon, __?

Let’s Revise

1. Look at your classroom duster.

• What is its shape? (Cube / Cuboid / Sphere)
• How many flat faces does it have?
2. Use your ruler to draw a straight line that is 8 cm long. Name it ‘AB’.
3. Which of these letters from the English alphabet is symmetrical?
THFG
4. Complete the number pattern that Deepa is chanting while skipping:
50, 55, 60, 65, ____, ____.
5. Ravi is looking at a traffic signal. What is the shape of the red light?
(a) Square
(b) Triangle
(c) Circle
Gap AnalyzerTM
Take a Exam

A. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Instructions: Read each question carefully and circle the correct option (A, B, C, or D).
1. Riya received a box of laddoos for Diwali. The box is shaped like a cuboid. How many faces,
edges, and vertices does the box have?
(A) 6 faces, 10 edges, 8 vertices (B) 6 faces, 12 edges, 8 vertices
(C) 8 faces, 12 edges, 6 vertices (D) 1 face, 0 edges, 0 vertices

2. Look at the beautiful rangoli patterns below. Which of these patterns is symmetrical (can be
divided into two mirror halves)?
(Visual Aid Description: Four simple rangoli designs are shown.)

(A) A random collection of dots and lines.

(B) A design shaped like the letter ‘P’.
(C) A design shaped like a simple butterfly with a line down the middle.
(D) A spiral design.
(A) Pattern A (B) Pattern B (C) Pattern C (D) Pattern D
3. Kabir is arranging his toy cars in a pattern. He arranges them in groups of 4. The pattern is 4, 8,
12, 16, ... What will be the next number in his pattern?
(A) 18 (B) 24 (C) 17 (D) 20
B. Match the Column
Instructions: Match the items in Column A with the correct description or example in Column B.
Column A Column B
1. Sphere a) A number that ends in 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9.
2. Line Segment b) The flat top of a carrom board.
3. Plane Surface c) A cricket ball or a ladoo.
4. Triangle d) A part of a line with two fixed endpoints.
5. Odd Number e) A closed shape with 3 sides and 3 corners.

Mathematical Puzzle Conceptual Learning

Shape Riddle Challenge!

Instructions: Read the clues for each riddle below. Can you guess the name of the shape and write
it in the box?
Riddle 1: I have only one curved face and no corners or edges. You love to play with me in the park.
What am I?
Answer: _______________
Riddle 2: I look like a dice you use to play Ludo. I have 6 flat faces that are all perfect squares.
What am I?
Answer: _______________
Riddle 3: I have 3 sides and 3 corners. You love to eat a slice of pizza or a samosa that looks like me.
What am I?
Answer: _______________
Riddle 4: I have one flat face and one curved face. I have one corner at the top. You wear me on your
head at a birthday party.
What am I?
Answer: _______________

Mental Math Critical Thinking

Instructions: Solve these problems in your head as quickly as you can!

1. Pattern Power: Sunita is skipping numbers by 10. She starts at 110. What are the next three
numbers she will say?
> 110, ____, ____, ____
> (Tip: Just keep adding 10 to the last number!)
2. Shape in Hand: Imagine you are holding a new, unsharpened pencil. It has the shape of a cylinder.
How many flat faces does it have?
> (Hint: Think about the top and the bottom of the pencil.)
3. Even or Odd?: Aman has 24 marbles. His friend Sameer has 19 marbles. Who has an even number
of marbles?
> (Tip: Even numbers can be put into pairs of two with none left over. They end in 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8.)

Real Life Maths Adventures:

1. You want to build a simple rocket picture using paper cutouts. You are given one large triangle,
one rectangle, and two small circles. Can you arrange these shapes to make a rocket? Describe
where each shape would go. If you wanted to add fire coming out of the bottom, what other
shapes could you use?
2. Your mother gives you a sandwich shaped like a rectangle. She tells you to cut it from one corner
to the opposite corner to share with your friend. Will this single straight cut give you two equal,
identical pieces? What would happen if the sandwich was shaped like a circle and you cut it
through the center?
3. A gardener is making a path using coloured tiles. The pattern is: 2 red tiles, then 1 blue tile,
and this pattern repeats. He has 14 red tiles and 6 blue tiles. Can he use all his tiles to make a
continuous path without breaking the pattern? Why or why not?

Thinking Based Activity Critical Thinking

My Symmetrical Rangoli
Objective: To use your knowledge of shapes and symmetry to create a beautiful rangoli design.
Your Task: Design a rangoli for the upcoming festival! Your design must be symmetrical. This means
if you draw a line down the middle (a line of symmetry), both sides should be mirror images of each
other.
Instructions:
1. Take a plain sheet of paper. You can fold it in half to help you find the middle line.
2. Your rangoli must use at least three different geometric shapes that you learned about (e.g.,
circles, squares, triangles, rectangles).
3. You can also create a repeating pattern within your rangoli.
4. Once you have drawn the design, colour it to make it look bright and beautiful!
Guiding Questions to Help Your Thinking:
• Which shapes will you choose for your design?
• How will you place the shapes so that the design is the same on both sides of the centre line?
• Will you repeat a small pattern (like a flower made of triangles) in your rangoli?
• What colours will you use to make your pattern stand out?
Maths Lab Activity Collaboration

Building 3D Shapes
Objective: To build models of a cube and a cuboid to understand their faces, edges, and vertices in
a hands-on way.
Materials Needed:
• Modeling clay or atta (dough)
• 12 toothpicks or straws of the same length
• 8 toothpicks or straws of a different length (4 long, 4
short)
• A flat surface or a mat to work on
• 12 toothpicks or straws of the same length
• 8 toothpicks or straws of a different length (4 long, 4
short)
• A flat surface or a mat to work on
Safety First: If using matchsticks, ask an adult to help remove the flammable heads first.
Step-by-Step Instructions:
Part 1: Building a Cube
1. Make the Vertices: Roll 8 small, equal-sized balls from the clay or dough. These are the vertices
(corners) of your cube.
2. Make the Edges: Take the 12 toothpicks that are all the same length. These are the edges.
3. Start Building:
• Take 4 clay balls and 4 toothpicks to make a square base.
• Place a toothpick upright into each of the 4 clay balls.
• Place the remaining 4 clay balls on top of the upright toothpicks.
• Use the last 4 toothpicks to connect the top clay balls and complete your cube!
Part 2: Building a Cuboid
1. Follow the same steps, but this time use the toothpicks of different lengths to form rectangles
instead of squares. For example, use 4 long toothpicks and 8 short ones.
Observation and Conclusion:
After building your shapes, answer these questions:
1. Count and Write:
• Cube: How many clay balls (vertices) did you use? ____
How many toothpicks (edges) did you use? ____
• Cuboid: How many vertices and edges did it have? ____
2. Look at the Faces: The empty space between the toothpicks forms a flat surface called a face.
What shape is each face of your cube? What shape is each face of your cuboid?
3. Think and Compare: How is the cube different from the cuboid you made?