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[Link]
What would happen if the humans started
doing photosynthesis?

Chapter No. 1

Nutrition in
Plants
 Thinkbook Nutrition in Plants

SOLUTIONS

(Designed for the teachers. Solutions are elaborate but should not be dictated to students in the same
form. Please allow for more interpretations and thinking!)

THINKSHEET 1

1. Water, Carbon-di-oxide, chlorophyll, sunlight

2. Carbohydrates have a chemical structure that gives energy on consumption, while CO2
doesn’t. That is why carbohydrates are considered to be food.
3. Humans use plants, plant parts, meat and other such substances for cooking in the kitchen.
Humans themselves do not themselves prepare the basic building blocks of food by
converting solar energy into carbohydrates. Humans are dependent on plants for their
food.
4. Sun is the ultimate source of energy as sun gives energy that converts into rice, potato and
sugarcane (sugar comes from sugarcane).
5. Sun is the ultimate source. Cows eat grass and synthesize milk.
6. All the natural light is scattered sunlight. Photosynthesis requires presence of light that can
be used by chlorophyll as an energy source. Indoor plants also don’t require much light
energy.
7. a) True
b) True
c) True
8. a) Farms will not be needed: Maybe, as energy requirement will be met by Sunlight. But
what about
protein requirement. That can be met by animals. But still few crops need to be grown for
protein.
b) Cooking will reduce but for protein, we must do cooking
c) Some industries will collapse: Yes, it will be mayhem.
d) The plant will die slowly: Some plants like rice may lose its demand and eventually may
not be an
important part of the ecosystem. And may become extinct eventually.
e) Sun will still shine.
f) Humans will work less. Our food requirement will be minimal. Therefore, we will work
less.
g) Atmospheric conditions will change as humans will release O2.
h) Waterbodies may dry out as humans will drink more water as it is required for
photosynthesis.
i) Food chain will be there, but new ones will be formed.
j) Rain will get affected due to change in climate but cannot say anything with surety.
k) Rain will get affected due to change in climate but cannot say anything with surety.

[Link] 16
 Thinkbook Nutrition in Plants

THINKSHEET 2

1. (a) If you apply jelly on leaves then stomata will get blocked and hence photosynthesis will
be affected.
(b) Photosynthesis requires water. Therefore, if roots stop working then water will not be
absorbed. This will affect photosynthesis.
(c) There will not be any photosynthesis if there is no sunlight.
2. Stomata resemble nose as both acts as inlet and outlet for gases.
3. Guard cells are present at the opening of stomata.
4. Carbohydrates have energy which humans and plants burn.
5. Carbohydrates produced after photosynthesis does not give the iodine test. The iodine test
is for starch.
6. The leaves which are not green has some pigments which mask the colour of Chlorophyll.
These leaves do have Chlorophyll. Hence, photosynthesis is possible.
7. Both eco systems can produce oxygen as forests have trees that do photosynthesis and
water has algae that also does photosynthesis.

THINKSHEET 3

1. Heterotrophic plants cannot survive in all the places. They require insects for their survival.
2. Pitcher plants complete their protein need by trapping insects. However, they still need to
do photosynthesis for carbohydrates.
3. No. Saprotrophic plants feed on only DEAD plants and animals.
4. Saprotrophs meet all their nutrient requirements from dead plants and animals. While
autotrophic plants depend heavily on photosynthesis.

5. Matching the table:

Condition Autotroph, Heterotroph or Saprotroph?

I will NOT die without Sunlight I am a saprotroph (Heterotroph also do

photosynthesis)

I need a lot of protein, but I need not I am a Heterotroph (their Nitrogen

depend on Rhizobium bacteria? requirement is met by insects)

I do not do photosynthesis. But I never feed I am a saprotroph

on living creatures.

I meet all my energy requirement through I am an autotroph

photosynthesis.

6.

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 Thinkbook Nutrition in Plants

Relation Symbiotic or Host-parasite

The relation between a monkey and guava Symbiotic, as monkey helps to spread guava
tree seeds. Also, the monkey gets to eat guava

The relation between you and a mango tree Symbiotic. You also spread mango seeds.
Also, you take care of mango plants so that it
remains healthy and gives you mangoes.

Lice present in hair and you Host-parasite

7. Yes, all mushrooms are a kind of fungus (saprotrophs) and they do not possess chlorophyll.
8. Yes, because in warm and moist places, fungus (saprotroph) can grow.
9. Vikram and Betaal have a symbiotic relationship. Vikram listens to betaal’s stories and
answers his questions and betaal lets him live.

THINKSHEET 4

1. Protein
2. Nitrogen available in the atmosphere is present in the form of pure nitrogen. Plants cannot
absorb pure nitrogen. Plants require nitrogen compounds. These compounds are made by
nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil.
3. No. Plant fulfil only energy requirements by photosynthesis. Their protein requirement is
met through the soil.
4. (a) Rajma: Protein-rich. Therefore, dependent on nitrogen fixation primarily.
(b) Potato: Rich in carbohydrate. Therefore, dependent on photosynthesis.

[Link] 18
What should a marathon runner eat before a
long run? Chapatis or Banana

Chapter No. 2

Nutrition in
Animals
 Thinkbook Nutrition in Animals

Solution

THINKSHEET 1

1. (b) Breaking down of food molecules into smaller molecules.

2. (a) Our body cannot absorb big molecules
3. (b)
4. No. breaking of molecules is a chemical process. It cannot be crushed mechanically.
5. Sportsperson drink glucose because glucose is simple molecule which do not require
digestion. Therefore, sports person can quickly get energy.
6. Chapati as it will give energy for longer.
7. a) Chewing
b) Swallowing
c) Siphoning
d) Sucking
8. a) Baby/milk teeth are lesser in number than the permanent teeth. Since children don’t have
big enough jaw for permanent teeth, they get the milk teeth first. Since there is more space
and less teeth, there’s a gap.
b) Teeth with spaces between them are milk teeth and behind them are the adult teeth.
c) First set of teeth ensure time and space for development of permanent teeth until they
can come out.
9. A) Canine; Molar
B) Incisor; Molar
C) Different set of teeth are required to perform different activities. Incisors and canines are
stronger in terms of biting or tearing hard food substances such as a sugarcane. While
molars are less strong and are responsible for chewing.
D) R

THINKSHEET 2

1. Liver and pancreas (they’re glands)

2. Rice. Rice is starch-rich. Starch digestion starts from saliva. Butter and dal are rich in fat and
protein.
3. Large intestine though smaller in length has a wide diameter as compared to the small
intestine.
4. Butter. The liver produces bile which helps in emulsification of fat.
5.

Big nutrient molecules Broken down simple molecules

Carbohydrates Glucose

Fats Fatty acids

Proteins Amino acids

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 Thinkbook Nutrition in Animals

6. Eating meat protein -> Digestion of protein -> Absorption of digested protein ->
Manufacturing of proteins in muscles
7. Amino acids and glucose. These are the simplest form of molecules which are produced
after digestion. Other molecules are complex and need to be digested before it is absorbed
by the blood.

THINKSHEET 3

1. Mark
2. Lungs are ahead of the oesophagus.
3. Stomach
4. Villi. Increase the surface area increasing the rate of absorption.
5. a) The person will often feel thirsty because large intestine absorbs water and salts from
undigested food material.

THINKSHEET 4

1. Mouth
2. Breaks starch into sugar
3. Rice as it has starch and chewing can help saliva act on it.
4. No
5. Yes, food goes down due to the motion of food pipe and not entirely by gravity.
6. Stomach
7. To protect stomach inner lining from hydrochloric acid
8. Stomach. Digestive juices secreted by stomach acts on proteins.
9. No. The gall bladder stores bile juice
10. Production of bile juice
11. Fats
12. Villi increase the surface area. Increase in surface area increases the rate of absorption.
13. Large intestine does not digest any nutrient.
14. Amino acids
15. It kills many bacteria; makes the stomach acidic and helps digestive juices to act.
16. 7.5 meters

THINKSHEET 5

1. Cud, because it has been partially digested inside the rumen.

2. Rumen because the food on it looks undigested.
3. Food from rumen to mouth.
4. No
5. Food vacuole. The food gets digested there.
6. The grass eating animals swallow the grass and store it in a separate part of the stomach
known as the RUMEN. The food gets partially digested here. This partially digested food is

[Link] 35
 Thinkbook Nutrition in Animals

called CUD. This partially digested food then returns to the mouth in small lumps and the
animal CHEWS it. This process is called RUMINATION and these animals are called
RUMINANTS.
7. The finger-like projections in an Amoeba are known as PSEUDOPODIA. Their main functions
include MOVEMENT and CAPTURE OF FOOD. When an Amoeba senses food, it engulfs the
food with the PSEUDOPODIA. The food becomes trapped in a FOOD VACUOLE. Digestive
juices released then breaks down the food into simpler substances. The digested food is
absorbed and is used for maintenance, GROWTH and REPAIR.
8. A) True
B) True
9. Cow, buffalow

[Link] 36
Do you know fancy silk sarees are made of
protein!

Chapter No. 3

Fibre to
Fabric
 Thinkbook Fibre to Fabric

SOLUTIONS

THINKSHEET 1

10. b) Better quality of soft wool.

11. Hills. Cold weather leads to more fur on the animals.
12. All these animals are furry, and their fur can be used to make fabric.

THINKSHEET 2

1. P-Q-R-S-T-U
2. It enables the sheep to survive the weather without its protective coat of hair.
3. Shearing
4.

Column 1: Process Name Column 2: Comparison with daily activities

SHEARING Getting hair cut

SCOURING Washing

SORTING Separating bad fibres from good fibres

DYING Colouring

ROLLING Converting into yarn

5. Dispersed hair like pieces are fibres. The round ball is yarn
6. The step shown in the picture is rolling. The thing in the hand is fibre while the thing on the
wooden shaft is yarn.
7. No, the sheep doesn’t undergo pain. The layer of skin removed with hair is dead skin and its
same as haircut in humans.

THINKSHEET 3

1. Caterpillar – pupa – butterfly

2. Silkworm
3. Covering itself is silk
4. Yes, caterpillar is inside the cocoon.
5. 1 st Step: Adult silkworm lays eggs
2 nd Step: Eggs turn into Caterpillar
3 rd Step: Caterpillar weaves a cocoon around it
4 th Step: Caterpillar grows into a pupa
6. Reeling
7. The white part adjoining the cocoon is the silk thread

[Link] 44
What if I say, you can feel ice, cold as well as
warm depending on your temperature!

Chapter No. 4

Heat
 Thinkbook Heat

SOLUTIONS

THINKSHEET 1

8. Feeling of hotness and coldness is relative. If your body temperature is more than the object
you are touching, then you will find it cold. If someone’s body temperature is less than the
same object, then the person will find it hot.
9. Yes, ice’s temperature is 0 o C. if your palm’s temperature is, say, - 5 o C, which is possible
for a short time, then ice will be relatively warmer than your hand. In this case, if you place
ice on your palm you will feel warm as heat transfer will happen from ice to your palm.
10. Yes. Let’s say hot chapati’s temperature is 70° C and boiling water temperature is 100° C. In
this case, Chapati is cold as compared with boiling water.
11. When you have a fever your body-temperature is more than that of the surrounding. In this
case, you lose your body heat to the surrounding. You feel cold when you lose heat.
12. Borewell water temperature remains the same both during summers and winters. During
summers outside environment temperature increases. This makes the borewell water feel
cold as compared to the surrounding. Also, during winters borewell water temperature
remains the same. Surrounding’s temperature decreases. This makes borewell water feel
warm.
13. c) Heat from finger flows into ice.
14. Rajiv and Shyam will feel cold as their body temperature are more than that of room. They
will lose heat to the room and will feel cold.
15. In this case, Rajiv is hotter than Ravi. Rajiv will feel Ravi’s palm as cold.

THINKSHEET 2

1. Difference 1: Clinical thermometer has a notch

Difference 2: Laboratory thermometer can measure a broad range of temperature while
clinical thermometers’ temperature has a narrow range.
2. Problem1: Since there is no notch present in laboratory thermometer, mercury level may
fall down while the thermometer is pulled out from the mouth. This will give an inaccurate
measurement
Problem 2: Markings in laboratory thermometer are spaced out more. This will also lead to
inaccuracy in measurement if we have a temperature variation of 0.5° C.
3. Problem 1: Clinical thermometer temperature range is very low. Therefore, you cannot
measure high temperatures as experienced in laboratory
Problem 2: Clinical thermometer might burst if put in a very hot liquid.
4. Problem 1: Water expands much slower than mercury. We will not be able to see much
expansion when there is a rise in temperature by 1° C.
Problem 2: Water droplets will stick to the inner walls of the thermometer.

THINKSHEET 3

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 Thinkbook Heat

1. The answer to flash card question: This is a very powerful question. This question
differentiates the idea of temperature and heat. In the given picture all the three objects
have heat energy. Even ice has heat energy. Ice’s normal temperature is 0 o C, which means
that ice can be cooled down further to a negative temperature. Ice will release heat when its
temperature is lowered down. The same explanation applies for chalk. This discussion
concludes that anything which is cold also has heat energy.
2. We can get heat energy from the ice by reducing its temperature further. Another way of
3. getting heat from ice is to lower down our palm’s temperature. In this case, when we touch
ice, we will feel warm.
4. This is a very powerful question. Iceberg must have more heat energy that a cup of tea. Heat
energy is nothing but the collective sum of molecular vibrations. In the iceberg molecules
are vibrating, but not as fast as that inside the hot cup of tea. Even though molecules are
vibrating slowly in an iceberg, the sum of all vibrations in the iceberg will be much more
than vibrations of molecules inside the cup of tea. Iceberg has billion times more molecules
than a cup of tea due to its size.
5. True; False

THINKSHEET 4

1. A) From your hand to the table, considering the table is colder.

B) From blown out air to the palm of hand.
C)The first process is conduction while the next process is convection.
2. Activity
3. (a) True, molecules must move for convection. Therefore, convection is not possible in
solids.
(b) True, this is a very important question. It addresses a general misconception. Heat
transfer by conduction is very much possible in liquids.
4. Sun rays heat up the top layer of water. The top layer of water CANNOT go down, as hot
fluid always moves up. As molecular movement cannot happen downwards, heat transfer
will happen only due to conduction.
5.

Situation Mode

Melting of ice when it is kept on your palm Conduction

Melting of ice when kept in front of the hot air blower Convection

Feeling cold when you sit under a fan Convection

Dipping hand inside hot water to feel its heat Conduction

Boiling of water kept on a stove Convection

6. A) Area P

[Link] 57
 Thinkbook Heat

B) Area Q to Area P (hot winds rise, cold winds take their place)
C) Area Q is land and Area P is sea.

THINKSHEET 5

1. Snake is a cold-blooded animal, meaning it has a lower body temperature and doesn’t
radiate body heat as humans do.
2. Deer too maintain a particular body temperature, being warm-blooded animals like
humans. In general, warm-blooded animals have a body temperature higher than the
surroundings. Thus, to maintain that temperature, they radiate body heat into the
surroundings.
3. All are true.
4. White car as it doesn’t absorb radiated heat from surroundings like the black car.
5. Anjali is correct because wool traps air and body heat to keep us warm.

[Link] 58
What is the use of putting lime in ‘Paan’, when it
is tasteless?

Chapter No. 5

Acids, Bases
and Salts
 Thinkbook Acids, Bases and Salts

Solutions

THINKSHEET 1

1.

Liquid Solution Litmus test Acidic, Basic or Neutral

Distilled Water No colour change Neutral

Magnesium Hydroxide Red to blue Basic

Grape Juice Blue to red Acidic

Lemon Juice Blue to red Acidic

Sugar Solution No colour change Almost Neutral

Soap Solution Red to blue Basic

2. (a) False, bitterness is not the final test of basicity. Bitterness can be caused due to other
factors.
(b) True
(c) False
(d) False, few bases are very corrosive. Example: Sodium hydroxide

THINKSHEET 2

1.

Common item Name of Acid/Base Litmus colour change

Vinegar Acetic acid Blue to red

Ant’s sting Formic acid Blue to red

Lemons, Oranges Citric acid Blue to red

Amla Ascorbic Acid Blue to red

Tamarind, grapes Tartaric acid Blue to red

Curd Lactic acid Blue to red

Spinach Oxalic acid Blue to red

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 Thinkbook Acids, Bases and Salts

Soap Sodium hydroxide Red to blue

Lime Water Calcium hydroxide Red to blue

Window Cleaner Ammonium hydroxide Red to blue

2.

Indicator Effect on acid Effect on base

Red Litmus Remains same Turns blue

Blue Litmus Turns red Remains same

China Rose Turns dark pink Turns green

Turmeric Remains yellow Turns bright red

Phenolphthalein Turns colourless Turns pink

3. Beaker 3 has sodium hydroxide because china rose water turns green with bases.
4. You can use soap. Or any other household items with basic nature.
5. (c) Both (a) and (b) may be true.

THINKSHEET 3

1. Tartaric acid
2. Citric acid
3. Ascorbic acid
4. Acetic acid
5. Hydrochloric acid
6. Sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide
7. Calcium Hydroxide
8. Tartaric acid
9. The solution will turn dark pink
10. The solution will turn green
11. Remains colourless
12. Turns pink
13. Turns pink
14. Turns red
15. No colour changes
16. No colour change as curd is acidic

[Link] 70
 Thinkbook Acids, Bases and Salts

THINKSHEET 4

1. All acids contain H + ions.

2. All bases contain OH - ions.
3. H+ and OH- ions react to form a neutral solution.
4. The final solution will be neutral as each acid molecule will react with each base molecule to
make the entire solution neutral.
5. The final solution will be acidic. One molecule of Sulphuric acid has two H + ions while one
molecule NaOH has only one OH - . After neutralization 100 H + will still remain in the
solution keeping it acidic.
6. Lime water or milk of magnesia. Both are basic.
7. Ant bite is acidic, and soap is basic. If soap bath is taken, the effect of the bite will be
neutralized.
8. Soil might have become acidic and to neutralize it, the farmer is adding lime.
9. One factory might be releasing alkaline waste while another factory might be releasing
acidic waste. So, they neutralize.

[Link] 71
If you bite and leave an apple on moon, will
it form a red layer, as it does on earth?

Chapter No. 6

Physical and Chemical

Changes
 Thinkbook Physical and Chemical Changes

SOLUTIONS

THINKSHEET 1

1.

Activity Is a new Is the change

substance physical or
formed chemical?
Break a paper into two pieces No Physical
(Ask: Did the paper convert into other material?)
Write something on a piece of paper. No Physical
(Did ink convert into another material?)
Burn a piece of paper. Yes (Ash) Chemical
(Did paper convert into another material?)
Blow a balloon such that it bursts No (It is still Physical
(is a new substance formed?) rubber)
Mixing an acid and a base Yes (Water) Chemical
(Is new substance formed?)

2. If you hammer the rubber for a long time, then it will get heated up. This heating will lead to
burning of rubber on the surface. This can be a chemical. Notice that hammering should be
done for a long time.
3. Just heat water. When water is heated up its molecules evaporate. Evaporation is a physical
change as water molecules remain as water molecules.
4.

Activity Is a new substance being Is change physical or

formed? chemical?
Hair cut No Physical
Freezing of water into No Physical
ice
Colouring a paper with No Physical
crayons colour
Making chapati Yes. Burnt spots are there Chemical
Melting wax No Physical
Burning Wax Yes Chemical

THINKSHEET 2

1. A) MgO

[Link] 81
 Thinkbook Physical and Chemical Changes

B) Yes. Everything around us is a type of chemical. Even water is a chemical. Even wood is
complex chemical
C) Physical change
D) It forms magnesium hydroxide
2. A) Iron Sulphate and copper
B) The solution changed its colour because the new substance was formed whose colour
was different from copper sulphate’s colour
3. A) CO2
B) CO2 turns lime water milky. CO2 reacts with lime water to form another substance which
is milky in colour.
4. A) Crystallization ability of sugar is making the similar looking chunks. These chunks are
called crystals.
B) Dry soil does forms chunks, but they are not similar to each other.
C) Ramesh is correct because crystals do have any impurity. They may or may not be
transparent.
5. A) Pure rust will not attract magnets as it is not iron but a different compound.
B) Galvanization.
C) Galvanized zinc or paint.
D) All three can be done as they prevent iron to come in contact with air (oxygen).

THINKSHEET 3
1. No
2. No
3. Yes
4. No
5. Yes
6. No
7. No
8. Yes
9. Yes
10. Yes
11. No
12. Yes

[Link] 82
Look at the ‘ear adaptation’, which of the two
foxes is likely to be find in vast open desert?

Chapter No. 7

Weather Climate and

Adaptations
 Thinkbook Weather Climate and Adaptations

SOLUTIONS

THINKSHEET 1

Part 1:

Report 1: Weather Report Report 2: Weather Report

Report 3: Climate Report Report 4: Weather Report

Report 5: Weather Report Report 6: Climate Report

Part 2:

1. Today’s weather is hot

2. Yesterday’s weather was hot
3. Tomorrow’s weather will be hot
4. Bangalore’s climate has changed over the years
5. Bangalore’s climate has changed over the years
6. Chennai’s climate is hot and humid

THINKSHEET 2

1.

Ability Body feature

Ability to climb a tree Long tails, sticky pads, specially

designed hands and limbs

To Protect from predators sharp eyesight

Locating prey easily Eyes on front

Tearing and eating prey easily Strong/long teeth

To camouflage brown skin colour

2. (i) False, (ii) True, (iii) True, (iv) True, (v) True, (vi) True, (vii) True
3. Yes , animals have colours mixing with their backgrounds. This is true for all animals,
including predators. If ice was brown in colour, polar bears might have a brown fur too.
4. Animal 1 is a polar animal.
5. Polar bears are used to very cold climates. They have a very think fur and a lot of fat in their
bodies. In tropical country zoos, they might feel hot. As a result, they like to spend more
time in water as water is colder than the surroundings.
6. Colony I is colder than Colony II as more penguins are huddled together to share their body
warmth.
7. The temperature between the huddle can go as high as 37-38 ° C.

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 Thinkbook Weather Climate and Adaptations

8. This happens as Jammu is winter capital and Srinagar is summer capital. This also brings
economic benefits to Jammu in winters.
9. Long beak of a toucan helps in maintaining the body temperature of the bird. The long beak
acts as thermal radiator.
10. Top to bottom: Catching insects;
tearing meat;
drilling holes.
11. Animal 2 has a better colour adaption.

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What will happen if you wear a spacesuit on
earth?

Chapter No. 8

Winds, Storms and

Cyclones
 Thinkbook Winds, Storms and Cyclones

SOLUTIONS

THINKSHEET 1

Experiment 1: There is heavy atmospheric pressure around us. But we never feel it. A simple way to
see it would be to suck the air out of a plastic bottle.

1. C, When air is not sucked, the pressure inside the bottle is the same as that outside. When
air is sucked, the air pressure inside the bottle decreases. Therefore, you need to suck air to
make inner pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure.
2. A
3. We humans do not feel any atmospheric pressure because our internal body fluid pressure
is in the same range as atmospheric pressure. This is one of the reasons astronauts need to
wear a spacesuit. They would burst open in space due to high internal pressure.
4. This experiment will not work on the moon, as the moon has no atmospheric pressure.
Moreover, there would be nothing to suck from the bottle.
5. A

THINKSHEET 2

1. (c) Will not move in any direction as pressure on both the sides are the same
2. (c) Less than atmospheric pressure
3. (b) It is because pressure on the top of the hut roof is less than the pressure inside it
4. (a) Same as atmospheric pressure
5. (c) Less than atmospheric pressure
6. They will move close to each other

THINKSHEET 3

1. The cup on the left has liquid Nitrogen

2. Fume is coming down in the left container as liquid nitrogen is cold. We know that cold air
comes down and hot air rises up. We can see that in the case of hot tea, fumes rise up.
3. Hot air rises up because it is lighter and less dense. It has the same principal as light air
bubble rising up inside water.
4. (I) (a) Towards City B
(II) (b) Upwards

THINKSHEET 4

Image 1:

1. City B will be the hottest as direct rays fall over city B. Direct rays are much stronger than
oblique rays.
2. (a) Towards city B

[Link] 106
 Thinkbook Winds, Storms and Cyclones

Image 2:

1. The direction of wind at the equator will be upwards as equator receives direct Sunlight.
2. The direction of wind at the tropic of tropic of cancer will be towards the equator
3. Earth’s rotation changes the direction slightly

Image 3: This is an interesting image. In this case, three cities are lying on a circular arc such that all
the three cities receive Sunlight with equal intensity.

1. All the three cities will be equally hot

2. No. The direction of wind will be mostly upwards as all the three cities are equally hot.

Image 4:

1. Jammu Kashmir is least likely to receive monsoon as it farther away from the ocean

THINKSHEET 5

Image 1: There are 3 cyclones in the picture seen clearly

Image 2:

1. It is near Indian coastline

2. It is clearly seen in the picture
3. Orissa
4. Surrounding area
5. Clouds

Tornadoes:

1. Tornadoes are cyclone like movement on land

[Link] 107
Can you have soil in absence of sun?

Chapter No. 9

Soil
 Thinkbook Soil

SOLUTIONS

THINKSHEET 1

1.

Statements on soil True or False

Most of the soil particles are rock powder True

The leaves from the trees which fall on the soil surface finally mix True
with the soil

Animal excreta on the soil makes the soil quality bad False

Wind and climate has an important role in the formation of the soil True
layer

If the color of soil is red in a region then most likely the rocks True
present in the region will also be red

Rock soil is present on the surface moon. Moon soil is highly likely False
to be fertile

Soil formation is a very slow process. True

2. Soil found on the surface of the earth has organic matter present in it. Soil present on earth
is fertile while soil on the moon is just rock powders.
3. (d) Plastic
4. True

THINKSHEET 2

1. Clayey soil
2. Clayey soil
3. Sandy soil
4. Clayey soil

Part 2:

1.

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 Thinkbook Soil

Soil Type Percolation Rate Moisture absorption

(High/Medium/Low)
(High/Medium/Low)

Sandy Soil High Low

Loamy Soil Medium Medium

Clayey Soil Low High

2. First bottle: Sandy soil

Second bottle: Loamy soil
Third bottle: Clayey soil

THINKSHEET 3

1. Sandy soil
2. Clayey soil
3. Loamy soil
4.

Crop Conditions Required Soil Type

Paddy Lots of water Clayey soil

Cotton Lots of air drained water Sandy soil

Pulses Drained water Loamy soil

[Link] 118
In ‘Oggy and the Cockroaches’, cockroaches wear
skin-tight clothes. Will they be able to breathe?

Chapter No. 10

Respiration in
Organisms
 Thinkbook Respiration in Organisms

SOLUTIONS

THINKSHEET 1

1. Food
2. Released
3. A) Students are breathing fast because running requires more energy. To generate more
energy, students need to breathe fast.
B) When you breathe fast then oxygen supply in the blood increases. Increased oxygen
supply increases the rate of respiration.
4. A) In both, the pictures air is being given to generate energy. In the picture on the left,
oxygen is being given to fire while to the picture on the right, a person is inhaling oxygen to
burn the food in his cells.
B) The bike has generally one engine.
C) The body has billions and billions of small engines. Each cell in the body is an energy
producing engine.

THINKSHEET 2

1. (a) While thinking: No

(b) While sleeping: No
(c) While weight lifting: Yes
(d) While fast running: Yes
2. Cramp in the muscles happen due to the production of lactic acid after anaerobic
respiration
3. No. Muscles must be massaged to increase oxygen supply.

Anaerobic respiration in yeast:

1. 1st difference: Lactic acid is formed in humans while Alcohol is formed in yeast.
2nd difference: Carbon dioxide is formed in yeast while no CO2 is formed in case of humans.
2. Maybe for a short time period, as yeast does not require oxygen for survival

THINKSHEET 3

1. A) The diaphragm comes down

B) Size of the balloon will decrease when you compress the bottle, as the pressure inside it
increases.
C) In the lungs
D) From outside the bottle
E) No. All the air which you inhale goes into the lungs. Belly swells up because diaphragm
comes down
F) Varies with the person to person

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 Thinkbook Respiration in Organisms

2. When we inhale air, it passes through our nostrils goes into the NASAL CAVITY From there,
the air reaches the LUNGS through the windpipe. Lungs are present in the CHEST REGION, a
large muscular sheet called DIAPHRAGM forms the floor of the chest cavity. During
inhalation, the ribs move UP and the diaphragm moves DOWN.
3. Answer in above think sheets
4. (i) True
(ii) True
(iii) True
(iv) False (We do not exhale PURE CO2)
(v) False (78% of air which we inhale is nitrogen)
(vi) False (Air passes through windpipe)

THINKSHEET 4

1. Matched columns:
a. Fish – Gills
b. Earthworm – Skin
c. Insects – Spiracles
d. Leaves – Stomata
2. Elephant, Frog, Bird
3. Yes, Leaves respire through stomata;
Yes, roots also respire.
4. If you pour too much water in potted plants, then roots will have difficulty breathing.
5. Trees respire all the time. However, during day time trees do both respiration as well as
photosynthesis. We are not advised to sleep under a tree during the night, as during the
night, trees only respire and give out CO2.
6. Yes, as plants respire but do not perform photosynthesis, CO2 is released at night which can
turn the lime water milky.
7. No, plants use energy from the sun during photosynthesis to convert it into carbohydrates.
8. Dolphins are mammals and so they do not have gills to breathe. They need air to breathe
and the blowholes act as nostrils for the dolphins when they come to water surface and
inhale the air through the blowhole.
9. Frog outside will appear to be moving as will be using its lungs, whereas in side the water it
will be using its skin to respire, hence it will be seen to be still

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If the outer bark (phloem) is removed, Will the
roots die?

Chapter No. 11

Transportation in
Animals and Plants
 Thinkbook Transportation in Animals and Plants

SOLUTIONS

THINKSHEET 1

1. Yes. Blood is in constant circulation. Every blood cell comes back to the heart. These blood
cells can go anywhere from the heart.
2. Yes. Every transport phenomenon happens through blood.
3. No. Blood never stops flowing
4. All three will happen
5. Heart
6. (c)
7. (c)
8. It shows that red blood cells exchange oxygen with carbon-dioxide for every cell in the body.
9. Problem 1: RBC count is lesser than the standard range.
Problem 2: WBC count is also lesser than the standard range.

THINKSHEET 2

1. Check
2. Check
3. Pulse is created by the sudden push of blood by the heart. Every time the heart pushes
blood, a pulse is created.
4. No. Never in a healthy condition.
5. A stethoscope amplifies sound. A doctor uses it to check the sounds inside the body, such as
heartbeat. A locksmith will use it to check when the lock will make a special unlocking
sound.
6. Mark.
7. Toe->Heart->Lungs->Heart->Head

THINKSHEET 3

1. (i) False, (ii) False, (iii) False

2.

Blood carrying CO2 enters the heart through veins 1st

Blood absorbs O2 from the lungs and goes back to heart 3rd

Heart pumps the blood to the lungs 2nd

Heart pumps the oxygenated blood to all parts of the body through 4th
arteries

Oxygen from the blood vessels enters the cells 5th

3.

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 Thinkbook Transportation in Animals and Plants

Property/position Name
Name of the heart chamber located in right top corner Right Atrium
Name of the heart chamber located in Left bottom corner Left Ventricle
Vessels which carry impure blood Veins
Only artery which carries impure blood Pulmonary artery
Only vein which carries pure blood Pulmonary vein
4. Two types of vessels are arteries and veins. Artery walls are thicker as these vessels receive
high-pressure blood directly from the heart. Therefore, its walls are thicker to sustain the
pressure.
5. The pulmonary artery is not called vein because the actual definition of the artery is the
vessels which carry blood from the heart to all parts of the body. Pulmonary artery carry
blood from the heart to the lungs.
6. Arteries carry high-pressure blood because arteries receive pumped blood from the heart.
While in case of veins blood is sucked via the heart.
7. A) While running the body needs more oxygen to burn the food and get energy. Heart needs
to beat faster to supply more oxygen required to various parts of the body.

THINKSHEET 4

1. Both of these are filters.

2. Kidneys remove waste produced after the metabolism of food, while lungs remove carbon
dioxide from the blood.
3. The function of removing the wastes from blood is performed by the KIDNEYS. The blood
when reaching the two kidneys contains both useful and wastes products. The useful
products are absorbed by the KIDNEYS. The wastes dissolved in water are removed as
URINE From the kidneys, the urine travels to the URINARY BLADDER through URETER. It is
stored in the bladder and gets removed from the body through the urinary opening at the
end of the URETHRA.
4. Lizards urinate in semi-solid form.
5. P- Kidney; R- Blood with waste; S- blood without waste

THINKSHEET 5

1. a. True
b. True
c. False
2. Oxygen reaches plant cells by diffusion. Plants do not have a single nose like humans. Plants
have multiples noses in a single leaf.
3. Plants have numerous roots to search for water and minerals in a different direction. Also,
plants increase the surface area of absorption through root hair.

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 Thinkbook Transportation in Animals and Plants

4. (i) Soil
(ii) Transpiration
(iii) osmosis
(iv) Transfer of gases and transpiration
(v) Food, leaves
5. (b) Soil. Water moves from high concentration to low concentration. It’s important to note
here that we are talking about the concentration of WATER and not the concentration of
solute.
6. (a) Transpiration
7. Functioning of heart requires use of energy. Since plants are stationary and don’t require a
lot of energy to survive, they don’t have a heart.

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The bee is sitting on a flower, what white
particles are sitting on the bee?

Chapter No. 12

Reproduction in
Plants
 Thinkbook Reproduction in Plants

SOLUTIONS

THINKSHEET 1

1. No
2. Vegetative reproduction
3. Cutting the ‘eyes’ present on the potatoes and then sowing them in soil
4. Near leaves
5. In vegetative propagation, there is no seed. Therefore, germination and initial growth time
are saved.
6. Bryophyllum reproduces through buds present on their leaves
7. Potato
8. Sowing seeds. Asexual reproduction always creates a similar copy of the plant. While in the
case of sexual reproduction there are chances that seed inherits the trait of another plant, if
there was cross-pollination
9. Hydra
10. Algae
11. Fragmentation
12. Ferns

THINKSHEET 2

1. Yes, vegetative reproduction (asexual) is involved here.

2. Vegetative reproduction
3. Segment Q should be used as axil (leaf and node attachment point) is present which
contains buds.
4. Neither of the two as potatoes undergo asexual reproduction.
5. It is also easier, less expensive and are clones of the parent plant.

THINKSHEET 3

1. Pollen falls on stigma, Pollen germination happens (Elongation), Fertilization of pollen with
eggs
2. Potato, Radish (these are not fruits, but roots and stem)
3. As seen in the pictures
4. (i) The fusion of the male and female gametes in plants is known as FERTILIZATION. The cell
that is formed after the fusion is called ZYGOTE. The cell that is formed after the fusion then
develops into a(an) EMBRYO.
(ii) Pollination takes place from the ANTHER (anther/stigma) to the STIGMA (anther/stigma)
of the same flower or different flowers.
5. Left arrow shows cross-pollination, the right arrow shows self-pollination
6. Anther and filament
7. Ovary

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 Thinkbook Reproduction in Plants

8. (i) False
(ii) False
(iii) False
(iv) False (Seeds are grown in female reproductive part)
(v) True
(vi) True

THINKSHEET 4

1. They can disperse to large distances so that the plants can grow with adequate nutrients,
sunlight and space.
2. Due to good taste of mango, humans eat these fruits a lot, and disperse the seeds.
3. Monkey are friends to the tree as monkeys would help in seed dispersal
4. Maple – air, Coconut – water, Guava – animals, Xanthium – animal
5. Yes, the squirrels are helping the plants by dispersing their seeds to different locations into
the soil.

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If your father is driving at 60 kmph, will you
reach Indore within 3 hours?

Chapter No. 13

Motion and
Time
 Thinkbook Motion and Time

SOLUTIONS

THINKSHEET 1

Part 1: Activity

Part 2: Purpose of this activity is to show students the use and benefit of knowing speed.

Part 3: Activity

1. 10 m/minute i.e 1/6 m every second. This seems like ant’s speed
2. Pages/minute (Speed of page counting)
3. (C); Distance is the same in both the cases
4. Speed = 4/5 km/minute
5. Length of rope = 0.5 x 5 = 2.5 m
6. (a) 18 km/hr
(b) 1.38 m/s
(c) 13.8 m/s
(d) 3.6 km/hr
7. (a) False, Speed may vary even on straight line. Uniform motion implies motion with
constant speed.
(b) False, if we maintain a constant speed on a curved path then the motion would be called
uniform
(c) True

THINKSHEET 2

1. Time period = 32/20 = 1.6 seconds

2. Birthday: Yes
(b) Diwali: No (It does not occur after equal gap every year. Sometimes it happens in
October)
(c) Independence Day: Yes. It happens every 15th August
3. The motion will not be periodic all the time. If the speed of running varies then motion will
not be periodic.
4. In this case, pendulum makes 1.25 oscillations. So, time taken = 1.25 x 4 = 5 seconds
5. Motion is not periodic as speed is changing. The second revolution will be slower than the
1st.

THINKSHEET 3

1. Case 1:

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 Thinkbook Motion and Time

Case 2:

Case 3:

Rajiv
Ravi

2. Activity to be performed in the class.

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A friend suggested to put a thick wire to protect
the fuse from burning. Should you follow him?

Chapter No. 14

Electric Current and

its Effects
 Thinkbook Electric Current and its Effects

SOLUTIONS

THINKSHEET 1

1. Draw
2. All are cells
3. They are connected to each other to make a battery, in order to reduce the cost of wire to
connect their alternate end are placed close to each other.

THINKSHEET 2

1. Yes.
2. When an electric current is passed through a wire, it gets heated up. Why does electric
current heat up the wire? We can compare the heating of wire with the rubbing of hands.
We generate heat by rubbing hands. Similarly, when electric current flows, electrons rub
against the atoms generating heat.
3. Heat is produced in both cases.
4. (a) Fuse is a safety device. It breaks the circuit by melting before any other wire in the circuit.
Fuse is inexpensive and can be changed easily.
5. Conductor P will heat up more
6. (A) Useful: We can make a heating device like a water heater, food heater etc.
(B) Harmful effect: It can cause burning. Sometimes, it creates massive fire.
7. (A) Yes. If both the terminals are connected with a power source.
(B) Coiling is an excellent way to put more wire in a small space. More the length of the coil
more will be heating.

THINKSHEET 3

1. Yes, HE Will get affected.

2. It is a very interesting question. This question can explain the entire concept. In this case,
iron man will get attracted towards the electric wire. The electric wire has a magnetic field
around it. Iron man is wearing clothes made of iron. Therefore, he will be attracted. It must
be noted that a magnetic field is present in all-electric wire in our household circuit,
however, it is very weak to attract iron objects towards it.
3. (A) Yes
(B) More the current more will be a magnetic effect. Therefore, the wire is made thick.

THINKSHEET 4

1. (A) We have used electromagnets because we can manipulate its magnetic field and hence
move the train in either direction.
(B) If we use permanent magnets, the strength of magnetic field cannot be changed. And so,

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 Thinkbook Electric Current and its Effects

the movement of the train will be restricted either in one direction, or it will not be able to
move at all.
2. In the first image, the compass will work. That is because one pole of the magnet is pointed
towards the magnet. In the second image, the compass is not kept near a pole created by
the electromagnet.
3. When the circuit is closed at the bell.
4. Coiled wire.

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 Silk fibres have prism like shape, which causes
reflection in multiple direction and gives the shine!

Chapter No. 15

Light
 Thinkbook Light

SOLUTIONS

THINKSHEET 1

1. Draw verifying laws of reflection

2. (a) Yes
(b) The mirror is reflecting the light rays which are falling from the face.
(c) Same size
3. Glass window shows a very faint image during daytime, unlike a mirror. This is because a
mirror reflects most of the light falling on it while the glass window reflects very little.
4. You can see yourself in the glass window during the night because during the night there’s
no light on the other side of the glass. In this situation, whatever little light that glass
reflects becomes noticeable.
5. (c) No change
6. D
7. B

THINKSHEET 2

1. Spoon – Concave, Bike mirror – Convex

2. (i) Convex
(ii) Image is virtual
3. The beam will be focused around the candle on the table.
4. (a) False
(b) True
(c) True
(d) True
5. (i) Surfaces shown are a mirror
(ii) A – Plane mirror, B – Concave mirror

THINKSHEET 3

1. (i) False
(ii) False. There is a bending of light. They still move in short straight lines
(iii) True
(iv) True
2. (i) Virtual – As these images are not formed on screen
(ii) Distance between the lens and the image is more than the distance between the lens and
the object
3. Convex lens. A convex lens can form real images
4. Draw

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Sun causes evaporation. Does this mean, water
is escaping from the earth and becoming scarce?

Chapter No. 16

Water: A Precious
Resource
 Thinkbook Water: A Precious Resource

SOLUTIONS

Discussion 1: (Solution)

1. (a) True

(b) False

(c) False. Treated water from the river is supplied to a household.

(d) True. Some places are dry and have a very low water table

2. (a) Percolation

(b) Aquifer

(c) Water table

3. Fill as per actual usage.

4. Seawater is not drinkable. Water scarcity depends upon the amount of drinkable water

available.

5. (i) Roads will dry up quickly as they do not absorb water

(ii) When roads dry up than most of the water goes into the drain. When parks dry up

some of the water percolates into the ground and some of it evaporates.

6. When water evaporates from the sea it evaporates as pure water. Salt present in the sea

does not evaporate.

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Tigers do not eat plants, then why do we
conserve forest under “Project Tiger”?

Chapter No. 17

Forests: Our Lifeline

 Thinkbook Forests: Our Lifeline

SOLUTIONS

THINKSHEET 1

1. This acts as a warning call for other animals

2. This happens by the action of bacteria. Leaves decompose into the soil.
3. Climatic conditions should be the same
4. If all the frogs are removed, then the number of grasshoppers will increase. Snakes may find
difficult to get food. This will influence vultures too. As the number of grasshoppers increase
then grasses will be destroyed. To summarize, the balance will be disturbed.
5. Yes. There is always a fight for Sunlight among trees. Short trees are at a disadvantage if
they grow alongside a tall tree.
6. Humus is found at the top layer of the soil. It is so important because humus is rich in
nutrients. Humus layer provides nutrients to plants and trees.
7. Different variety of trees are good for a forest. Different animals have different eating
habits. More the variety of trees in a forest more will be the variety of animals in the forest.

THINKSHEET 2

1. Tall grasses help animal hide to attack its prey. Some animals also use grasses to hide from
the predators.
2. The farmer who left trees around his farm will have better yield because trees will protect
the soil from erosion. This will stop the washing away of nutrients present in the topsoil.
3. Forests are called lungs because it maintains the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere.
4. Effect of air pollution will be reduced
5. Releasing animals would be a better idea as animals help the forest in many ways.

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Why are the plants put in the lake? Does it
have anything to do with this chapter?

Chapter No. 18

Wastewater Story
 Thinkbook Wastewater Story

SOLUTIONS

THINKSHEET 1

1. It could be due seepage of chemicals/fertilizers or untreated water directly released to the

river.
2. The process is similar to a screening where very large objects present in wastewater are
separated.
3. No. Purpose of wastewater treatment is to make water similar to river water so that it does
not cause harm.
4. Yes. Activated sludge contains organic matter. This can be used as manure to make soil
fertile.
5. (i) Bar screening, settling of water
(ii) Chlorination of water
(iii) Decomposition of waste matter by the action of bacteria
6. Organic waste particles will not be removed if water is not aerated.
7. Yes, if all the humans vanish then water quality will not be very bad as released from
industries or household. The river has its own cleaning mechanism like settling and bacterial
decomposition.

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