1. Four processes execute on a system with a single CPU and a single I/O device.
The system uses
multiprogramming without time-sharing. Each process has a compute-bound phase of 40
time-units followed by an I/O-bound phase of 20 units. A process cannot initiate the I/O phase
until the I/O device becomes free. (2 points)
The processes start executing in the order p1, p2, p3, p4.
During the execution of all processes,
the CPU is idle for time units ___20_.
the I/O device is idle for time units __100_.
2. Four processes execute on a system with a single CPU and a single I/O device. The system uses
multiprogramming without time-sharing. Each process has a compute-bound phase of 60
Time-units followed by an I/O-bound phase of 30 units. A process cannot initiate the I/O phase
until the I/O device becomes free. (2 points)
The processes start executing in the order p1, p2, p3, p4.
During the execution of all processes,
the CPU is idle for time units _30_
the I/O device is idle for time units _150_
3. Processes p1 and p2 execute on a system with a single CPU and 2 identical I/O devices. The
compute-bound phase of each process is 600 time-units, followed by an I/O-bound phase of 300
time-units. The processes run concurrently using time-sharing. Assume that the switching
overhead and the switching periods are negligible. (2 points)
If both I/O devices are used, then the total execution time for both processes is __1500_time
units.
If only one I/O device is used, then the total execution time for both processes is _1500_time
units.
4. Processes p1 and p2 execute on a system with a single CPU and 2 identical I/O devices. The
compute-bound phase of each process is 500 time-units, followed by an I/O-bound phase of 250
time-units. The processes run concurrently using time-sharing. Assume that the switching
overhead and the switching periods are negligible. (2 points)
If both I/O devices are used, then the total execution time for both processes is__1250_ time
units.
If only one I/O device is used, then the total execution time for both processes is__1250_ time
units.
5. List down any 15 system calls and explain its functionalities in one or two lines. (7 points)
1) fork(): Creates a new process by duplicating the calling process, with the child process being
an exact copy of the parent process except for the return value.
2) exec(): Replaces the current process image with a new process image specified by the path
or file parameter, allowing a program to run another program.
3) wait(): Suspends execution of the calling process until one of its child processes terminates
4) getpid(): Returns the process ID of the calling process, which is useful for logging and
process management
5) kill(): Sends a signal to a process or a group of processes, which can be used for inter-
process communication or process control.
6) sleep(): Suspends execution of the calling process for a specified number of seconds,
allowing other processes to run.
7) open(): Opens a file specified by pathname and returns a file descriptor used in subsequent
operations on that file.
8) read(): Reads data from an open file into a buffer, returning the number of bytes read.
9) write(): Writes data from a buffer to an open file, returning the number of bytes written.
10) mkdir(): Creates a new directory with the specified name and permissions.
11) rmdir(): Removes an empty directory, returning an error if the directory is not empty.
12) chmod(): Changes the permissions mode of a file, controlling who can read, write, or
execute it.
13) chown(): Changes the owner and group of a file, which affects access permissions.
14) time(): Returns the current time as the number of seconds since the Epoch, used for timing
and synchronization
15) mount(): Attaches the filesystem found on a device to the specified directory in the file
hierarchy
