SASTRA B.
Com (CA)
Elective Courses
L T P C
4 0 0 4
Course Code: CSS310
Semester: V
FUNDAMENTALS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
OBJECTIVES:
This course aims to provide foundational understanding of AI concepts, knowledge
representation, search strategies, natural language processing, expert systems, and pattern
recognition, and to apply these for problem solving and intelligent system design.
UNIT I: Introduction 15 Periods
Definitions of AI – Man Vs. Computers – Simulation of sophisticated and intelligent behaviour-
History of AI – Automated reasoning – Visual perception – Intelligent Agents – Problem
Solving: Agents, Problem formulation, State space representation – Examples: Playing chess,
Eight and fifteen tile puzzle, Water jug problem – Production systems: Rules, Architecture,
Breadth-first search, Depth-first search, Example – Heuristic Search: Functions, Types –
Characteristics of problem – Problem solving in AI.
UNIT II: Search Methods 14 Periods
Searching for solution – Uninformed search methods – Informed search – Generate and test
method – Hill climbing – Simulated Annealing – Beam search – Best-first search – Branch and
Bound search – A* search – Problem reduction – AO* algorithm – Constraint satisfaction –
Means-End-Analysis. Problem solving in Games: Adversarial search, Game playing cycle and
search, Minimax Procedure, Pruning, Alpha-Beta cut off, Horizon effect.
UNIT III: Natural Languages 14 Periods
Introduction – Needs – Difficult level – Knowledge – Working principles – Syntactic processing
– Languages of grammars – Classification – Parsing techniques – Transition networks –
Context-sensitive grammars – Augmented transition network – Unification grammar –
Semantic processing – Pragmatic analysis - Conceptual dependency theory – Applications of
CD theory – Sentence generation – Machine translation.
UNIT IV: Knowledge Representation 14 Periods
Role of Knowledge representation in AI – Representing knowledge – Approaches – Categories
– Logic: Propositional logic, Reasoning patterns, Resolution – Role of logic in AI and AI in
logic. First order predicate calculus – Quantifiers – Propositional Vs. First order inference –
Conversion to clausal form – Unification – Resolution in predicate logic – Semantic Nets -
Production rules – Forward and Backward deduction: Problems, Applicability.
UNIT V: Expert Systems & Pattern Recognition 15 Periods
Expert Systems: Introduction, Architecture, Features, Individuals involved, Knowledge
acquisition - Expert system tools – Existing expert systems – Applications of expert system
technology – Domain exploration – Metaknowledge – Self explaining system – Limitations.
Pattern Recognition: Process, Approaches, Symbolic description - Learning classification
patterns – Machine perception – Digitization and signal processing – Introduction to Object
identification, Speech recognition, Finger print recognition and Robotics.
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SASTRA B. Com (CA)
TEXT BOOK:
1. Munesh Chandra Trivedi, A Classical Approach to Artificial Intelligence, Khanna
Publishing, 2nd Edition, 2018
REFERENCES:
1. Lavika Goel, Artificial Intelligence Concepts and Applications, Wiley, 2021
2. George F Luger, Artificial Intelligence Structures and Strategies for Complex Problem
Solving, Pearson, 2020.
3. Stuart Russell, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, 4th Edition, Pearson
education, 2022.
4. M. Tim Jones, Artificial Intelligence: A Systems Approach (Computer Science), Jones
and Bartlett Publishers, Inc., First Edition, 2020.
5. Elaine Rich and Kelvin Knight, Artificial Intelligence, Tata McGraw Hill, 2022.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
The learner will be able to
Unit I Understand AI concepts and history, and apply problem-solving and search
techniques using production systems and intelligent agents.
Unit II Apply uninformed and informed search methods, constraint satisfaction, and
adversarial search strategies for AI problem solving and game playing.
Unit III Understand natural language processing concepts, grammar classifications,
parsing techniques, and apply semantic and pragmatic analysis in AI
applications like machine translation.
Unit IV Understand and apply knowledge representation techniques, logic-based
reasoning, and deduction methods for solving AI problems.
Unit V Understand expert systems and pattern recognition concepts, and apply
techniques for classification, perception, and domain-specific AI applications.
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