thesis on food issues in Venezuela

1. 1. BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA MINISTRY OF POPULAR POWER

FOR EDUCATION TEACHER ORLANDO E. RODRÍGUEZ SAN EDUCATIONAL UNIT
FRANCISCO - ZULIA STATE LECTURE: RESEARCH TECHNIQUES
TEACHER: ONEIDA FIGUEROA EATING HABITS OF ADOLESCENTS
VENEZOLANOS INTEGRANTES: Núñez, Cesar Olano, Daniel Parra, Víctor Sánchez,
Ángel Ramírez, José Urdaneta, Brayan Villasmil, Moisés Methodological Tutor: Oneida
Content Tutor: Dr. Nela Díaz San Francisco, November 28, 2016
2.
3.2.CACHAPTER I THE PROBLEM 1.-
4.
5. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Adolescence is characterized by experiencing
important physiological and psychological changes, the teenager has a deep desire to
exercising their independence, the search for their own identity that leads them to not accept the
existing values and wanting to experience new lifestyles, including habits
nutritional. It is undeniable that a proper and healthy diet is fundamental in
all stages of life, but mainly during periods of growth and
development, this is acquired gradually until adolescence, with the environment being
family and school are of great importance when it comes to educating the child about nutrition, because
they should be explained the need to consume all types of food. This stage is for
so, especially vulnerable to the influence of certain patterns that can lead to
changes in diet and as a consequence the emergence of deficiencies
nutritional. A lack of diet diversification, omission of meals is usually observed.
main meals like breakfast and lunch, lack of time for the
6.3.preparehome-cooked meals, eating out, irregular hours, low consumption of
vegetables, fruits, and fish, excessive consumption of fats and sugary drinks, due to
everything affects the nutritional quality of food. Likewise, due to the
cultural factors, the environment we live in, the influence of friend groups and
the messages coming from the media and the general social environment, is
it is common for teenagers to make mistakes in their eating behavior. Among these
factors, are the psychological ones associated with body image; the
socio-cultural aspects related to advertising and fashions that promote trends
not always healthy foods, inappropriate eating habits such as:
irregularity in meals, frequent consumption of fast food
(scrap), the economic factor, among others. All of the above has resulted in
nutritional deficiencies in adolescents, characterized by high rates of malnutrition,
that is, that a person's body is not getting enough nutrients, according to
UNICEF (2010), "malnutrition is the leading cause of death in infants and children"
small children in developing countries." And in other cases, obesity, which occurs with the
over time, when more calories are ingested than those consumed. According to
the World Health Organization (2015), obesity increases the risk of suffering
7.4.ofdiabetes, heart diseases, strokes, arthritis, and certain cancers. A
In this regard, it is estimated that worldwide about 10% of school-age children (5 to 17
years) suffer from overweight or obesity. According to the WHO (2004), in the United States
United, the rate of obesity and overweight in children and adolescents exceeded 25% in
1990. Likewise in China, it was estimated that the rate of overweight and obesity had risen
from about 8% in 1991 to more than 12% after six years. On the other hand, in the
Brazil, this index, calculated in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years, had more than
tripled between the mid-seventies by 4% and in 1997 by more than 13%. With respect to the
malnutrition and according to UNICEF (2014), in Mexico despite the advances that have been made
experienced in this field, in recent years, the figures remain alarming in
some sectors of the population. In the age group of 5 to 14 years, malnutrition
The rate is 7.25% in urban populations, and the figure doubles in rural areas.
the risk of an indigenous child dying from diarrhea, malnutrition or anemia is three
times higher than among the non-Indigenous population." Similarly, anemia caused by
Iron deficiency affects both girls and boys and is the third leading cause of years
lost due to death and disability.
8.5. The ijust as it happens in different countries around the world, which are found
immersed in a food and nutritional transition due to sociocultural factors,
economic and behavioral, in Venezuela there is a superposition occurring
food-related issues in the community, that is to say: both overweight and underweight are observed at the same time.
peso. And although the country has made progress in implementing various policies and
 strategies for the comprehensive protection of children and adolescents, concerning
Eating habits do not escape their consequences. There has been an increase.
in the number of migrations of inhabitants from rural areas to urban ones in search of
a better quality of life, as well as an increase in family income. However, the
the population does not foresee encountering urban poverty, beginning to change the
called "rural diet" in contrast to the "modern diet", in which processed foods prevail,
rich in saturated fats, sugars, and animal-based proteins. In that environment of
deficiencies and poor nutrition, the so-called "double nutritional burden" arises. According to
López (2014) gives it that name because 'at the same time the population suffers from
malnutrition and overweight. These conditions, despite being ideally antagonistic, have
a common origin: poor nutrition. In light of the above, it is imperative to regulate.
The eating dynamics at this age, not only due to their physiological implications and
functional, but because they are stages in which habits are established
9.6.cfood consumption, which in most cases will be reproduced in age
adult. Having a healthy diet is important for everyone at any age, children and
Adolescents need good nutrition to contribute to their growth and development.
Adults should also eat well to maintain good health throughout their
lives. Likewise, it is relevant to keep in mind that physical activity and avoiding the
Sedentary lifestyle is necessary to have a healthy lifestyle, and to recognize that the
existence and practice of harmful habits, such as tobacco and alcohol consumption,
they gradually deteriorate health. It is because of all the above that attitudes
and practices when it comes to feeding are of vital importance to maintaining and preserving the
health of children, adolescents, and therefore in adulthood.
10.
11.
12. FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM According to the described situation, it is necessary to carry out the
Next question: What are the eating habits of adolescents?
Venezuelans? 3.
13.
14. - RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 3.1.
15.
16. - GENERAL OBJECTIVE
17.7.AAnalyze the eating habits of Venezuelan adolescents 3.2.-
18.
19. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
20.
21. Identify the nutritional needs and requirements of adolescents Identify the
selection of food groups for adolescents.
22.
23. Determine the influence of the media on eating habits of the
teenagers.
24.
25. Design a balanced menu adapted to the dietary needs of adolescents.
3.-
26.
27. JUSTIFICATION OF THE RESEARCH Adolescence is a period of growth,
accelerated sexual maturation and development, which leads to an increase in needs
nutritional. At this stage, feeding starts to be governed by their own tastes
And aside from family supervision, it is common for teenagers to skip meals, about
all breakfast and lunch. In general, they are not concerned about their health, nor how
this will be in future stages of their life. Therefore, they consume fast food of high
energy value and low content of vitamins and minerals, fried foods,
28.8.gascandies and sweets. This situation leads to conditions such as obesity, hyperglycemia,
malnutrition, anemia, vitamin and mineral deficiencies. On the other hand, they often use
unconventional diets to gain or lose weight according to how they consider their
body image. At the same time, they do not always engage in the amount of physical exercise.
recommended at this stage of life, nor do they monitor the food groups that comply with
the requirements demanded at that age. That is why this research focuses on the
appropriate eating habits to follow in adolescence. From the point of view
methodological, this research work is of a documentary-descriptive nature, due to
that allows the collection and analysis of sufficient data to achieve its development and the
compliance with the proposed objectives, and in the same way will lay the foundations for future
research framed in the same line of investigation and with similar categories.
From a theoretical point of view, it provides important knowledge that could clarify
 existing doubts related to the research and the developed categories, with
regarding the eating habits of Venezuelan adolescents, in addition to
provide important guidelines and recommendations on nutrition and
consequences on health, both psychological and physical. From a practical perspective-
social, it provides a clear and precise idea to the Venezuelan population about habits
food-related issues in adolescents
29.9.vVenezuelans and about the methods to apply to develop food policies
appropriate for children and adolescents that contribute to a full development
Integral and guidelines to modify any wrong dietary practice. 4.
30.
31. DELIMITATION OF THE RESEARCH The present research work will be carried out in
cabo in the territory of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, specifically in the
San Francisco municipality, Los Cortijos parish, Maestro Orlando Educational Unit
Enrique Rodríguez will take place in the school year 2016-2017.

32.10.BBIBLIOGRAPHY

33. UNICEF (2010). Childhood in Spain 2010-2011. 20 years of the Convention on the
Children's Rights: unresolved challenges. Madrid: UNICEF Spain.

34. World Health Organization (2015). Obesity, a global epidemic: Implications

from genetics. 2015, 211.

35. Mexico, UNICEF Health and Nutrition - Childhood and Health [Website; consulted November 25, 2016]

36. López, B. (2014). Competence in food. A framework for reference.

compulsory education. Teaching of sciences: research and experiences journal
didactics, 32(3), 611-629.