Introduction to Mechanisms
Theory of Machines
➢ Theory of Machines → branch of engineering science which deals with the
study of relative motion between various elements of a machine and the forces
which act on them.
➢ Theory of Machines → branch of engineering that deals with the study of
machines, their motion, and the forces involved in their operation. It provides a
theoretical foundation for the design and analysis of various mechanical
systems and has several applications.
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Machine
➢ A machine is a device which received energy in some available form and utilizes
it to do some particular type of work or A machine may be regarded as an agent
for transmitting or modifying energy.
➢ A machine is a combination of resistant bodies (links or elements) with
successfully constrained relative motions, which is used for transmitting or
modifying available energy to do some particular kind of work.
➢ The study of relative motion between the various parts of a machine, and the
forces which act on them, is covered under they field of “Theory of machines”
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Design of Machine Elements
Design
➢ Design Synthesis → the process of creating or selecting configurations, materials, shapes
and dimensions for a product.
➢ Machine Design → the use of scientific principles, technical information and imagination
in the description of a machine or a mechanical system to perform specific functions with
maximum economy and efficiency
➢ Design is an innovative and highly iterative process
Machine Elements
➢ Machine elements are basic mechanical parts and features used as the building blocks of
most machines.
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Introduction
Mechanisms
Statics Dynamics
Kinematics Kinetics
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Introduction
Statics Body is stationary
Dynamics Body is in motion
Kinematics
• Deals with motion of mechanism with out considering the
forces causing the motion
• Deals with displacement, velocity and acceleration
Kinetics Includes the forces causing the motion
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Mechanism
• Assembling rigid bodies to provide constrained and predictable
motion
• Function is to transmit and/or modify motion
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Machine
• Mechanism or combination of mechanisms - constrained motion
• In addition to motion, transmits or modifies energy
• NOT a source of energy , NOT a producer of work
• Eg: Air compressor, IC Engine (Only for power transmission
considered), clock, type writer, etc
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Machines
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Types of Constrained Motion
Completely constrained Motion
• Motion is constrained in a definite direction regardless of
force applied and its direction.
• Will only reciprocate
• Motion of a square bar in a square hole and the motion of
shaft with collars at each end in a circular hole.
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Types of Constrained Motion
Incompletely constrained Motion
• Motion is possible more than in one direction
• Change in the direction of force may alter the direction of
relative motion
• A circular bar or shaft in a circular hole ➔ rotate or slide
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Types of Constrained Motion
Successfully constrained Motion
• Though motion is possible in more than one direction, it is
prevented by force or geometry
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Mechanism
• Assembling rigid bodies to provide constrained and predictable
motion
• Function is to transmit and/or modify motion
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Introduction
Rigid body
• No distortion under external force
Resistant body
• Will act as rigid body to serve its purpose
• Ex. Belt under tension, Fluid under compression
• Nowadays, resistant body = rigid body
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