Name………………………………………………………………….……………..Indexnumber…………………….

INTERNAL MOCK EXAMINATIONS 2025

P530/1 BIOLOGY THEORY

TIME: 2HOURS AND 30 MINUTES

Instructions to candidates
This paper consists of section A and B
Answer all questions in both sections
Tick the correct alternative in the grid below for section A
Answers to section B questions must be written in space provided.
No additional papers should be inserted in this question paper.

Use this grid for section A (tick the box corresponding to the number and the correct
alternative)
A B C D A B C D
1 21
2 22
3 23
4 24
5 25
6 26
7 27
8 28
9 29
10 30
11 31
12 32
13 33
14 34
15 35
16 36
17 37
18 38
19 39
20 40

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 SECTION A (40 MARKS)

1. The biological significance to living organisms based on the properties of water

being transparent is?
A. Water molecules have high cohesive and unbroken columns of water are formed
in the xylem vessels.
B. The columns of water can be pulled up to the top of the tree by transpiration.

C. Allows transmission of light for aquatic plants to carry out photosynthesis.

D. Water can flow with less friction hence serve as a lubricant.

2. A conjugated protein with a prosthetic group containing phosphoric acid is

A. Casein

B. Cytochrome oxidase

C. Hemoglobin
D. Glycoprotein

3. Which of the following proteins serves a storage function?

A. Insulin

B. Prothrombin

C. Antibodies
D. Myoglobin

4. Which of these nitrogenous bases is not found in the genetic material found in the
chloroplast?
A. Uracil
B. Cytosine

C. Thymine
D. Adenine

5. In the respiratory pathway, high concentration of ATP inhibits its progress. This is a
form of;
A. Noncompetitive reversible inhibition

B. Competitive inhibition

C. End product inhibition

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 D. Noncompetitive irreversible inhibition

6. Deficiency of which these vitamins result in the skin becoming dry, xeropthalmia
and night blindness?
A. Calciferol

B. Retinol

C. Ascorbic acid
D. Tocopherol

7. Which of the following proteins has a globular structure?

A. Pepsin

B. Fibrin

C. Keratin
D. Collagen

8. If 15% of the bases in a DNA molecule are guanine, what percentage of the bases are
adenine?
A. 15 B.35 C.20 D. 40
9. Which of the following pairs of nitrogenous bases are present in the nucleic acid
present in ribosomes?
A. Adenine and thymine

B. Guanine and thymine

C. Cytosine and uracil

D. Thymine and cytosine

10. The following substances are found in nucleic acids.
[Link] 2. Pyrimidines 3. Phosphate 4. Ribose 5. Deoxyribose
A. 1,2 and 4 B. 1,3 and 5 C. 2,3 and 4 D. 2,3 and 5

11. Which of the following does not involve expenditure of energy?

A. Muscle contraction

B. Absorption of water by plant roots

C. Synthesis of proteins from amino acids
D. Transmission of nerve impulses

12. The neuromuscular junction allows transmission of an impulse from a neuron to;
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 A. Another neuron

B. A bipolar cell
C. A muscle cell
D. A gland

13. Which of the following tissues provide support, allows flexibility with cells having
much cellulose deposited at the corners?
A. Epidermal

B. Collenchyma
C. Parenchyma
D. Sclerenchyma

14. Table 1 shows the solute potentials and pressure potentials of four cells
Cell Solute potential Pressure potential

M -1400 400

N -1800 600

O -800 400

P -600 600

Which of the cells is likely not to lose water if placed in pure water?

A. M B.N C.O D. P
15. Which of the following cells are present in the xylem and phloem tissue?

A. Tracheid

B. Vessel elements
C. Parenchyma
D. Collenchyma

16. The ciliated columnar epithelium lines which one of the following?

A. Trachea and bronchioles

B. Uterus walls
C. Digestives tract

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 D. Blood vessels

17. An animal tissue that serves the function of protection in areas of higher friction is

A. Stratified columnar epithelium

B. Stratified squamous epithelium

C. Compound stratified cuboidal epithelium
D. Transitional epithelia

18. Which one of the following cells become anucleated during their life cycle?

A. Thrombocytes

B. Erythrocytes

C. Leukocytes
D. Transfer cells

19. A plant cell is magnified X2000 and the length of an organelle in the diagram is
16mm. Calculate the actual length of the chloroplast in µm.
A. 16 B.8 C.24 D.14

20. The following organelles are by double membranes except the

A. Nucleus B. Chloroplast [Link] [Link]

21. The cell organelle made of a combination of proteins and nucleic acid is

A. Sarcoplasmic reticulum

B. Endoplasmic reticulum
C. Golgi apparatus

D. Ribosomes

22. The fine structure of a cell as shown by the electron microscope is called the

A. Ultrastructure

B. Macrostructure
C. Microstructure
D. Micrograph

23. Which of the following reactions is catalyzed by amino-acyl-tRNA synthetase

A. Removal of amino acid from tRNA molecule in the ribosomes

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 B. Addition of amino acid to tRNA molecule in the cytoplasm
C. Formation of peptide bond between adjacent amino acids in the ribosomes

D. Addition of a phosphate group to the amino acids in the ribosomes

24. Substitution mutations are less deleterious compared to deletion and insertion
mutations of bases because the genetic code is
A. Triplet
B. Redundant
C. Universal

D. Non overlapping

25. During protein synthesis, a single amino acid is encoded by three

A. Anticodons
B. Bases
C. Groups of codons

D. Triplet codons

26. Which type of behaviour is represented when an animal presses a lever to receive a
food reward?
A. Operant conditioning

B. Classical conditioning
C. Latent learning
D. Imprinting

27. Which of the following best describes a taxis? It is a

A. Form of learned behaviour

B. Change in the rate of movement in response to a stimulus

C. Stereotyped series of movement
D. An innate movement towards or away from a stimulus

28. Salmon fish swim back to fresh water where they hatched from when it’s time for
spawning. Identify the form of behaviour exhibited
A. Territoriality

B. Migration

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 C. Imprinting

D. Habituation

29. Fresh water fishes and other organisms excrete ammonia because

A. It is easier to eliminate

B. They face continuous osmotic influx

C. They have fewer glomeruli

D. They possess long loops of Henle

30. The extra embryonic membrane used for gaseous exchange in developing embryo of
birds is
A. Chorion
B. Yolk sac
C. Allantois

D. Amnion
[Link] following are stages in embryonic development in a mammalian embryo except

A. Morphogenesis

B. Organogenesis
C. Cleavage
D. Gastrulation

32. Polyspermy in mammals is prevented by the following combinations of mechanisms

A. Capacitation and acrosome reaction

B. Cortical reaction and acrosome reaction

C. Egg activation and slow block
D. Cortical reaction and fast block

33. Which of the following is the process by which carbon is returned to its reservoirs ?

A. Photosynthesis

B. Denitrification
C. Deamination

D. Cellular respiration

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34. An acidic mixture of partially digested food that moves from the stomach into the
small intestines is called
A. Bile
B. Chyme
C. Chyle

D. Chile

35. The hormone responsible for stimulating the secretion of hydrochloric acid by
stomach cells is
A. Secretin
B. Gastrin

C. Insulin

D. Cholecystokinin
[Link] is most of the oxygen transported in the blood?

A. Dissolved in plasma

B. Bound to haemoglobin
C. In form of carboxyhemoglobin
D. As bicarbonate ions

37. Which event initiates blood clotting?

A. Contact with an irregular surface by platelets and other factors in plasma

B. Production of the enzyme thrombin

C. Conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin

D. Conversion of fibrin to fibrinogen

38. ATP is produced in living cells by the following means except

A. Oxidative phosphorylation
B. Oxidative decarboxylation

C. Substrate-level phosphorylation

D. Photophosphorylation

39. Where do the light independent reactions in photosynthesis occur?

A. In chloroplast stroma
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 B. In thylakoid membrane of chloroplast
C. In inter-grana lamellae

D. In the thylakoid compartment

40. Removal of the coleoptile results in no change in the shoot because

A. Auxin concentration is the same at all sides

B. Auxin production ceases

C. Auxin transportation is intercepted

D. Auxin production occurs below the apical bud

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 SECTION B (60 MARKS)
41.a) What is meant by the term a limiting factor? (02 marks)
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b) Explain why C3 plants grown in green houses at low altitude yield more than C3
plants grown in open places at the same altitude? (04 marks)
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c) Compare the light dependent and light independent reactions of photosynthesis.
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42. a) Explain the effect of detergents on the structure of globular protein. (03 marks)
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 b) Cell surface receptors are designed to recognize and bind onto specific
messenger molecules, hormones and neurotransmitters molecules when they
come into contact with a cell. Suggest why such receptors and likely to be made
out of proteins. (04 marks)
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c) Muscle and liver cells store glycogen however; muscle cell glycogen
hydrolysis does not increase blood glucose levels yet that of liver cells does.
Explain why? (03 marks)
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43. Suggest explanations for the following;
a) Cutting the vagus nerve to the stomach is one effective way to treat ulcers
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b) Urine production almost stops following normal child birth (03 marks)
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c) Cardiac output increases when an individual engages in physical exercise
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d) Root pressure is slowed down when roots are treated with metabolic poison
(02 marks)
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44. a) Explain the events that follow after ovulation when fertilization does not occur.
(05 marks)
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b)Describe three adaptations of the placenta to its function. (03 marks)
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 c) State two causes responsible for the failure of couples to have children.
(02 marks)
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45. (a) What is meant by oxidative decarboxylation (02 marks)
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(b) explain why is disadvantages not to produce ATP during respiration
(03 marks)

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(c) Figure below shows interconversions of absorbed food products in

human body. Study it carefully and answer the questions that follow

Protein

3 carbon amino 6 carbon amino

2 carbon amino acids
acids
acids

+CoA

Carbohydrate 1 Pyruvic acid 2 B

i. Name the compounds 1, 2 and pathway B (03 marks)

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ii. Explain the importance of pathway B (02 marks)
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46. a) State Mendel’s second law of inheritance and give two situations where it would
not apply. (03 marks)
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b) using the data given, construct a chromosome map to show the arrangement of
the genes. (02 marks)

Gene pair L-N L-X N-X

Cross over value 10.7 18.5 7.8

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c) Table 3 gives the results from a breeding experiment on tomato plants.
Parental Offspring phenotypes
phenotypes

Experiment Tall purple Tall green Short purple Short green

A Tall purple 301 287 293 305

X short
green

B Tall purple 521 0 0 0

X short
purple

C Tall green X 87 91 77 83
short purple

What are the most probable genotypes of the parents in the experiments?
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d) Describe how crossing over contribute variations in sexually reproducing
individuals. (02 marks)
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END

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