ISSN (Print) : 0974-6846
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9(2), DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i2/86345, January 2016 ISSN (Online) : 0974-5645
An Experimental Study on E-Waste Concrete
K. Alagusankareswari*, S. Sandeep Kumar, K. B. Vignesh and K. Abdul Hameed Niyas
S. K. R. Engineering College, Ponnamalle, Chennai - 600025, Tamil Nadu, India;
[Link]@[Link], sandeep.shiv04@[Link],
vigneshviki123@[Link], abdulniyas27@[Link]
Abstract
Objective: This project deals with the experimental study on E-waste concrete. Methods/Statistical Analysis: An
experimental setup is placed the specimens on the loading frame for two pointed loading conditions. Findings: Determined
the compressive strength, cube weight comparison, split tensile strength, flexural strength. Applications: Self-weight of
concrete reduces when there is rise in E-Waste percentage. Hence it can be consumed as a light weight concrete. The yield
of concrete reduces when E-Waste is used as a replacement material for sand. It is coherent that E-waste can be biased
by using them as constructional material. The compressive strength and split tensile strength of concrete pertaining to
E-Waste aggregate is slightly lesser in comparison with control mix concrete sample.
Keywords: Concrete, Compressive Strength, Ecological Pollutant, Electronic Waste (E-Waste), Modulus of Rupture
Strength (Flexural Strength), Printed Circuit Board (PCB), Tensile Strength (TS)
1. Introduction fine compounds in admissible masses. Itabides no retorts
in the concrete and might replenish up to 15% fine
Concrete is, undoubtedly the extremely extensively aggregates in certain concrete medleys with passable
exploited facetious building components. Adaptability of potency evolution.
concrete is responsible to the intention that it is precise in Unique debris management preferences are needful
the frequently procurable components, cement, aggregate to reroute the termination of electronics from depots and
and water. Inflated exercise of concrete may detritus combustion. Amplifying the claim for dumps is a hardship
inpaucity of the matter. Consequently suitable constituents to our atmosphere. Although developing a triumphant
are to be liable to reinstate in ample measures to encounter recreation scheme, it must be located on its profitable
the equitable of concrete surviving in the field. durability, professional practicality and anactual stratum
Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) forms most of its weight of cordialsustain from the association. On that account
by 3% of WEEE (Waste of Electrical and Electronics the concurrentscrutiny is endeavoured toshapethe
Equipment) are the fundament of electronic diligence benefit of E-waste in concrete and for ratifying one of
and are an obligatory constituent1. the mechanical properties of E-waste annexed concrete.
The thermo orefractions of PCBs entail of thermoplastic Remarkably to balance the compressive strength of M30
glues and fortifying substances. They also can be restated grade of standard concrete with E-waste supplemental
ascontentsin commixture materials2. PCBs are designful concrete.
to be having abundant amount of silica. Accordingly, In common, PCBs encompass nearly 30% ores and
on the exhibit of the prevailing strategy, all substances 70% non-metals3. The Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs)
in fritter PCBs are a sort of inherent holdings and it is is prominent to have immense mass of silica in its
vigorous to be exhilarated by a meticulous concern. absolute structure. Henceforth it frames the exemplary
Herein inquest, PCBs are milled into fine granules exchange of fine aggregate in concrete, which also may
of magnitude beneath 4.75 mm and is reacquired with arise indiminishing the surcharge of the structure.
* Author for correspondence
An Experimental Study on E-Waste Concrete
The PCBs are inactive in universe which causes it as 2.1 Concrete Casting
aprerequisite contents in all the electronic instruments. Steel moulds were used to mould the samples. The
Granting inductions to its inactive resource, it won’t castings were packed with concrete in three courses
receive component in either of its advance response with and consolidated aptly. Congruent with 24 hours the
the concrete mould which relapses in fewer change of paradigms were blustered and bathed in water for curing.
intensity confines. The curing is done for 28 days. The tests are done after 7,
The previous study chronicled the liability for 14, 28 days.
manipulation of litter glass in concrete in few forms,
containing fine aggregate and coarse aggregate4. The
operation of glass ceramics as concrete aggregate 3. Results and Discussions
used for road creation and building approaches5. The
utility of non-biodegradable components of E waste in 3.1 Compressive Strength
production pursuits is the note worthy solicitude of the It is one of the most vital properties of concrete and
task established nowadays6. influences many other desirable hardened concrete. The
compression type is a laboratory test to determine the
characteristics strength of concrete. The compressive
1.1 Objective of the Study strength is determined as
The main objectives are
• To detect an alternative material for river sand (fine Compressive Strength = P/A. (1)
aggregate) in the production of cement concrete.
Where,
• The valuable cost and shortage of river sand has per-
P = Load at failure in N/mm2.
suaded to a crisis where in a novel material has to be
established out in order to boon the structurecorpo- A = Area of the specimen in mm2.
ration. The compressive strength of the control mix, E10,
E20, E30 concretes are given in Figure 2. E10, E20, E30
represents the mixing of E-waste in different Percentage
1.2 Outcome of the Study
for the replacement of Fine Aggregates in a concrete. The
The outcome of the study are
compressive strength result presented in the Figure 2 is
• The replacement with E-waste will positivelybenevo-
lence the structure corporation awaited to the scanti- for 7, 14 and 28 days. Figure 3 represents the comparison
ness of river sand. of compressive strength between control mix and
• Exploitation of scrap materials and corollaries is a res- E-waste concrete (E10, E20, E30 concretes) of different
olution to green and biological complications. combinations. The testing of cubes in UTM is presented
in Figure 4.
2. Methodology
The step by step procedure for testing the concrete cube
with various admixtures is presented in Figure 1.
Figure 2. Compressivetest results.
Figure 1. The schematic diagram. From the Figure 2 and Figure 3, it may be observed
2 Vol 9 (2) | January 2016 | [Link] Indian Journal of Science and Technology
K. Alagusankareswari , S. Sandeep Kumar, K. B. Vignesh and K. Abdul Hameed Niyas
that the 28th day strength of control mix concrete is 3.2 Cube Weight Comparison
33.11 N/mm2. It reduces gradually when sand is replaced Table 1 represents the comparison results of cube of
by E-waste. As the percentage of replacement of fine control mix, E10, E20, E30. The weights of the casted cubes
aggregate by E-waste increases, the compressive strength of control mix, E10, E20, E30 concretes are compared. It is
decreases progressively by 7.6%, 21.47% and 26.11%. found that there is a considerable reduction in the weights
The rate of strength attainment for control mix, E10, of the cubes with the increase in E-waste proportion
E20 and E30 concretes at 7 days is observed as 42%, (Table 1). From Table 1, it is found that the maximum
35%, 30% and 20% respectively. The greatest strength reduction in weight or E30 concrete than other concrete.
was obtained at 28 days for all types of concrete (control
mix, E10, E20 and E30 concretes). Further, it is observed Table 1. Test results for various
that the rate of strength gain decreases as the percentage Cube Weight, kg Weight reduction, %
replacement of fine aggregate by E-waste increases. Control 8.41 ------
E10 8.09 3.8
E20 7.8 7.25
E30 7.49 10.96
3.3 Split Tensile Strength
The test to determine the split tensile strength of concrete
is carried out using a cylinder and it is found at the load
when the cylinder splits across the vertical diameter. It is
also known as Brazilian test. The split tensile strength is
found as
Split tensile strength (σ) = 2P/πLD. (2)
Where,
Figure 3. Comparison of compressive strength. σ = Splitting Tensile Strength (MPa).
P = Linear Load (N).
L = Sample Length of the cylinder (mm).
D = Sample Diameter of the cylinder (mm).
Figure 5 indicates the results of split tensile strength
for control mix, E10, E20 and E30 concretes and split
tensile test on concrete of control mix, E10, E20 and E30
using UTM is presented in Figure 6. From the Figure 5, it
may be observed that the split tensile strength of E10, E20
and E30 concretes is lesser than the control mix by 1.67%,
20.98%, 38.98% respectively.
Figure 4. Testing of cube compressive strength. Figure 5. Results of split tensile strength.
Vol 9 (2) | January 2016 | [Link] Indian Journal of Science and Technology 3
An Experimental Study on E-Waste Concrete
Table 2. The flexural strength of the concrete
Concrete type Flexural Strength, N/mm2
Control mix 5.60
E10 4.67
E20 3.33
E30 3.20
Figure 6. Split tensile test on concrete.
3.4 Flexural Strength
It is a measure of an unreinforced beam to resist failure
in bending. It is measured by loading 150mm x 150mm x
700mm concrete beam. The flexural strength is expressed
as modulus of rupture in MPa and is determined by centre Figure 8. Testing of flexural strength.
point loading.
Table 2 and Figure 7 indicates the flexural strength
of concrete for control mix, E10, E20 and E30. Figure 8
4. Conclusion
shows the test setup for determination of flexural strength The inference from the analysis conducted on E-waste
using UTM for control mix, E10, E20 and E30. concrete are outlined as follows:
From the Table 2 and Figure 7, it may be found that • The viability of the concrete dwindles as the propor-
for E10 concrete, flexural strength is higher than other tion of alternate of fine aggregates with Electronic
concrete. Further, it is observed from Table 2, Figure 7 waste accumulates. Presumption is executed with the
that the flexural strength for control mix is 5.06N/mm2 slump estimate mani fest which one is observe as a
and it is higher than that E10, E20 and E30 concretes by notch of workability. This may benefit in monitoring
16.67%, 40.5%, and 42.86%. bleeding and segregation in concrete.
• Self-weight of concrete reduces when there is rise in
E-waste percentage. Hence it can be consumed as a
light weight concrete.
• The yield of concrete reduces when E-waste is used as
a replacement material for sand.
• It is coherent that E-waste can be biased by using
them as constructional material.
• The compressive strength and split tensile strength of
concrete pertaining to E-waste aggregate is slightly
lesser in comparison with control mix concrete sample.
5. References
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Figure 7. Flexural strength result.
terials. 2010; 175(1-3):823–8.
4 Vol 9 (2) | January 2016 | [Link] Indian Journal of Science and Technology
K. Alagusankareswari , S. Sandeep Kumar, K. B. Vignesh and K. Abdul Hameed Niyas
2. Ping Z, Chen Y, Wang LY, Zhou M. A New technology ticles used in cementious mixtures. Cement and Concrete
for recycling solder from waste printed circuit boards us- Research. 2006; 36(3):449–56.
ing ionic liquid. Waste Management and Research. 2012; 5. Park S-B, Lee B-C. Studies on expansion properties in mor-
30(11):1222–6. tar containing waste glass and fibers. Cement and Concrete
3. Kui H, Guo J, Xu Z. Recycling of waste printed circuit Research. 2004; 34(7):1145–52.
boards: A review of current technologies and treatment sta- 6. Janagam D, Jeyamani M. E-waste-a major threat to envi-
tus in China. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2009; 164(2- ronment and health. Indian Journal of Science and Tech-
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4. Chen CH, Hwang R, Wu JK, Yang CC. Waste E-glass par-
Vol 9 (2) | January 2016 | [Link] Indian Journal of Science and Technology 5
