NAME: ………..…………………………………..………………… Class:…………..

……………………
DEEPER LIFE HIGH SCHOOL

SECOND TERM E-LEARNING NOTES

SUBJECT: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE

CLASS: JS1 [Basic 7]:

SCHEME OF WORK

WEEK TOPIC

1. Revision of last term’s work.

2. Classes and uses of farm animals: (a) Types of farm animals (i) Work animals (ii) Diary animal
(iii) Guard animals (iv) Poultry (vi) Aquatic animals (vii) Pets, etc.

3. Classes and uses of farm animals: (b) Basic characteristics of farm animals: (Identify various
forms of farm animals based on their distinct features).

4&5 Classes and uses of farm animals: (c) Classification of farm animals based on; (i) Size –
Large animals and small animals (ii) Habitat – Aquatic and Terrestrial animals (iii) Mammals and
non-mammals.

6&7. Classes and uses of farm animals: (d) Classification of farm animals based on; (iv) Stomach
types (v) Ruminant (vi) Non-ruminant animals

8&9. Classes and uses of farm animals: (c) Uses of farm animals; (i) Food (ii) Work (iii) Sports
and guard (iv)Source of hide and skin (V) Source of manure.

10. Revision.

11 – 13. Examination.

WEEK I

DATE: ……………………………………

Revision of last term’s work.

WEEK2

DATE:

TOPIC: Classes and uses of farm animals: (Types of farm animals)

CONTENT: (i) Meaning of Farm Animals

(ii) Types of Farm Animals

(iii) Characteristics of farm animals.

Sub –Topic1: Meaning of farm animals

Farm animals are animals that are reared by man for different purposes. Farm animals include
goats, sheep, Rabbits, poultry, cattle, pigs, fish, snails, etc.

Types of farm animals

1. Work Animals: These are animals that are used for work on the farm. They are used for
carrying loads, ploughing, harrowing and ridging and transportation.

Examples of work animals are cattle e. g bullocks [Sokoto Gudali , White Fulani] , horses,
camels and donkeys. These animals are referred to as beasts of burden. They have the ability to
survive or travel long distance without water

Characteristics of work animals:

 They are well built with good body conformation.

 They can survive or travel long distance without water.

 They are rugged and have very great strength.

2. Dairy Animals: These are animals reared purposely for milk production. Examples are cattle
[White Fulani, Sokoto Gudali, Red Bororo]; Goats[Nubian goats, Jumnapari and Surti of Indian].
Milk provides protein, vitamins and minerals.

Characteristics of diary animals:

 They are lean and have angular form of body.

 They have well developed mammary gland system.

 They have high food conversion efficiency for production of milk.

• Guard Animals: These are animals domesticated or tamed and used for protecting life
and properties from danger. Examples are dogs, parrot, cat, etc.

Characteristics of guard animals

 They are easily controlled.

 Most of them are of an average size.

 They can be trained and tamed to suit our purpose e.g security.

 They are sensitive to human behaviour.

• Poultry: These are domesticated birds raised for meat, eggs or feather. Examples of
poultry birds are domestic fowl, guinea fowl, turkey, goose, ducks, ostrich, etc.

Characteristics of poultry:

 Poultry bird a have medium body size.

  They do not give birth to their young ones alive [they lay eggs].

 They have simple stomach.

 They are prolific animals, they lay and hatch many eggs into chicks.

 Their body is covered with feathers and they have two legs.

 They are best managed by intensive system.

• Pets: These are animals kept as companion, treated with great care and affection. They
are mostly beautiful and attractive animals in terms of colour, body size, and general
appearance. Examples are dogs, cats, parrots, canaries, pigeon, monkeys, peacock, etc.

Characteristics of pets:

 They are easily domesticated.

 They live freely with human beings.

 They can feed on food that are taken by human beings.

 They can be trained to be harmless.

• Aquatic Animals: These are animals that live inside water like rivers, lakes, dams, ponds
and streams. Examples are prawn, oysters, lobsters, crabs, peri-winkles, turtles, squids,
shrimps, fish, frogs, etc

EVALUATION:

Mention three examples of the following: (i) Aquatic animals (ii) Poultry:

READING ASSIGNMENT:
Agricultural Science for JSS 1 by L. A. Are etal Pages 29-32.

EVALUATION:

List two characteristics of the following animals:

(i) Poultry (ii) Pet

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT:

Objective Test:

1. Bullocks, camels and horses are forms of ….. animals

A. Dairy B. guard C. work [Link]
2. Dogs and cats are mostly kept for ……. Purposes.
A. work B. dairy [Link] consumption [Link] and pet
3. Which of the following pairs is a dairy animal?
A. cattle and goat B. rabbit and dog [Link] and geese D. cattle and hen
4. The general name for all farm animals is ….
A. wild animals’ B. domestic animals C. livestock D. farm animals
5. Which of these animals is not an aquatic animal?
A. fish B. lobster C. duck D. prawn

Essay Questions:

1. (a) State one major characteristics of poultry birds.

(b) List five poultry birds.

2. (a) Explain the meaning of pet animals.

(b) Mention two characteristics of pet animals

REFERENCE TEXTS:

• Agricultural Science for Junior Secondary Schools (1) by A.A Alade etal.

• Agricultural Science for Junior Secondary Schools (1) by L.A Are etal.

• Spectrum Agricultural Science for Junior Secondary Schools (1) by B.A Adelekan etal.
WEEK 3

DATE

TOPIC: CLASSES AND USES OF FARM ANIMALS:

CONTENT: Characteristic features of:

(a) Cattle (b) Sheep (c) Goats (d) pigs (e) Rabbits (f) Poultry (g) Horses

Sub-Topic 1: Basic characteristic features of Farm Animals

Farm animals have certain basic features that make them belong to a particular group. These
characteristics help to differentiate them from other forms of animals and also enable some of
the animals to adapt to their natural habitat. Examples of farm animals include: Cattle, Sheep,
Goat, Pig, Poultry, Rabbit, Fish, Snails, Guinea-Pig, Donkeys and Horses.

CATTLE: Cattle belong to hoofed mammals. Some are humped (Bos indicus) [Link] Gudali,
Red bororo &White Fulani while others are humpless (Bos Taurus) e.g. Muturu & N’dama.
Cattle is raised mainly for meat and milk.

Characteristics of Cattle:

Cattle are ruminant animals. They are large -bodied animals. They have large udder with four
glands .They have four pairs of hoofs on each limb. Beef cattle are lighter than the dairy type.
Some cattle are used as work animals e.g. Sokoto Gudali, White Fulani, N’dama, e.t.c. Some are
resistance to trypanosomiasis e.g. N’dama, Muturu, e.t.c. Gestation period (pregnancy period)
is 283 days.

SHEEP: They originated from Iran or Iraq in Asia. Sheep is raised in all countries of the world for
meat (mutton), milk and wool. They are important in Tropical African countries like Northern
Nigeria, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan and Tanzania.
Characteristics of Sheep:

Sheep are ruminants mostly raised extensively for meat, milk and wool. They are small bodied
ruminants, hollow-horned and even toed. Only male have horns except Ouda. The males are
heavily manned. Gestation period is 150 days. Examples of sheep are: Balami, TheFulani
(Ouda) , Yankasa (Hausa ), West African Dwarf(WAD) Sheep. .

EVALUATION:

1. State five farm animals that are raised in Nigeria.

2. Mention four characteristics each of (i) Cattle and (ii) Sheep.

Sub-Topic 2: Characteristics of Goat

GOAT: They are important ruminants that can adapt and maintain themselves in very harsh
environment. They can withstand diseases, high temperature and can survive where other
animals cannot. Goats are raised for meat, milk and skin. They are small bodied animals. Both
sexes have horns. Goats are scavengers and very inquisitive. Gestation period is 150 days.
Examples of goats are: Red bororo (Maradi), Fulani (Sahel ), Kano brown, Nubian and WAD
goat.

PIG: They are most productive of all farm animals. A sow (matured adult female pig) can
produce between 8 and 16 litters at a time. Pigs are raised for meat and lard. They are
omnivorous animal. They are good converters of feed into meat. They mature early and can
breed anytime of the year. Pig production requires small initial capital with high return.
Gestation period is 114 days. Examples of pigs are: Landrace, Large white(Yorkshire), Duroc
Jersey, Large black, Poland china, Chester white, e.t.c.

EVALUATION:

1. State four features each of (i) goat) and (ii) pig.

2. State five breeds of pigs.

Sub-Topic 3:
 RABBIT: They are prolific animals that can produce up to four times in a yea. Rabbits are found
both in temperate and tropical countries. They are raised for their meat, skin (pelt) and hair
(fur). They are easy to house, handle and manage. They reach maturity weight in about 5-6
months. Rabbit meat is of good quality. They are prone to stress and the rate of cannibalism is
high. The gestation period of a rabbit is 31 day. Examples of rabbit are: California white,
California red, Chinchilla, New Zealand white, Flemish giant, Angora Dutch Rabbit, Australia
White, West African Rabbit (Giant Rat), etc.

POULTRY: Poultry are birds raised for meat, eggs or feathers. They are found both in temperate
and tropical countries. Types of poultry birds are: Domestic fowl, duck, turkey, goose, guinea
fowl, pigeon. Fowl is the most popular of all and this makes the discussion on poultry to be
centred on domestic fowl. Domestic fowls are grouped into two; Local fowl and Exotic fowl.

The local fowls are light in weight; hardy, resistant to diseases, poor growth rate, low egg
production and production of white eggs.

Exotic fowls are grouped into two: Light breeders and heavy breeders.

(i) Light Breeders: small sized, body early maturity, good egg production, production of
white shelled eggs e.g. leghorn.

(ii) Heavy breeders: large sized body, slow maturity, poor egg production, production of
brown or tainted shelled eggs e.g. Rhode Island Red, Sussex.

HORSE: It is a non-ruminant animal raised mainly for work on the farm, riding for pleasure and
sport, transportation of goods and human beings and for traditional ceremonies such as
“Durbar festivals” in the Northern states of Nigeria.

EVALUATION:

Objective Test:

1. The gestation period of cattle is …. Days

A. 114 B. 150 C. 283 D. 140

 2. Which of the following is not a breed of rabbit?

A. Chinchilla B. New Zealand white C. Muturu D. Flemish giant

3. ………. is humpless cattle.

A. N’dama B. Sokoto Gudali C. Red bororo D. White Fulani

4. Landrace, Large white (Yorkshire) and Duroc Jersey are breeds of …..

A. cattle B. pigs C. rabbits D. goats

5. The gestation period of pigs is …….. days

A. 283 B.140 C.114 D. 150

Essay Questions:

1. Mention four features of rabbit.

2. State five types of domesticated birds that were referred to as poultry.

3. Mention three uses of a horse.

REFERENCE TEXTS:

• Agricultural Science for Junior Secondary Schools (1) by A.A Alade etal.

• Agricultural Science for Junior Secondary Schools (1) by L.A Are etal.

• Spectrum Agricultural Science for Junior Secondary Schools (1) by B.A Adelekan etal.

WEEKS 4&5

DATE:

TOPIC: Classes and uses of farm animals: (CONTD)

CONTENT: Classification of farm animals based on:

(i) Size – large and small animals

 (ii) Habitat- aquatic and terrestrial

(iii) Mammals and non-mammals.

Sub –Topic1: Classification of farm animals

Farm animals can be classified based on their sizes, habitats, stomach types and modes of
reproduction.

Classification based on size

• Large farm animals: They have large body size when compared tom other farm animals.

Examples are cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, camels, horses, donkeys, etc.

• Small farm animals: They have small body size. Examples poultry, rabbits, fish, cat,
guinea pig.

EVALUATION:

List four examples each of:

• Large farm animals

• Small farm animals

Sub – topic2: Classification based on habitat

Habitat is the natural home of animals. It can be terrestrial or aquatic.

• Terrestrial farm animals: They live on land. Examples are poultry, cattle, pigs, sheep,
goats, camels, donkeys, horses, etc.

There are some terrestrial animals, however, that live on trees and are called arborial
animals e.g. birds, monkeys, etc.

• Aquatic farm animals: They live in water bodies such as pond, stream, lake, river, ocean
and sea. They obtain oxygen dissolved in the water where they live. Examples are fish,
crayfish, prawn, lobster, hippopotamuses, octopus, oysters, crabs, peri-winkles, turtles,
squids, shrimps, etc.

EVALUATION:

1. What are terrestrial animals?

2. Give four examples of the following:

 a. Aquatic animals.

b. Terrestrial animals.

4. Where do the aquatic animals get their oxygen requirement?

Sub – topic 3: Classification based on mode of reproduction

Using this criteria, farm animals can be classified into two groups which are:

• Mammals (viviparous farm animals)

• Non-mammals (oviparous farm animals)

Mammals are those animals that bear their young ones alive and have their bodies covered
with hair. They equally feed their young ones with milk from their mammary glands (breast).
Examples of mammals are: goat, sheep, cattle, pigs, guinea pigs, rabbits,

Non- mammals are animals which produce their young ones by laying and hatching eggs.
Examples are fish and birds (poultry) turkey, guinea fowl, duck, pigeon, chicken, etc .

EVALUATION:

1. Differentiate between mammals and non- mammals.

2. Mention five examples each of each

3. State three characteristics of mammals.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT:

1. Make a ten list of the example of the following:

a. Mammal

b. Non-mammals

2. Draw and label the two types of stomach farm animals can have.

1. …………. Is a mammal

A. turkey B. duck C. sheep D. pigeon

2. Which of the following is an arborial animal?

A. Goat B. dog [Link] D. domestic fowl

[Link], guinea fowl, duck and pigeon are called …….

A. Mammals B. ruminants C. poultry D. pets

4. Which of the following is not a large farm animal?

A. sheep B. goat C. cat D. pig

5. The following are aquatic animals except …….

A. fish B. octopus C. prawn D. pig

PRE-READING ASSIGNMENT:

Agricultural Science for Junior Secondary Schools (1) by A.A. Alade etal. Page41.

REFERENCE TEXTS

• Agricultural Science for Junior Secondary Schools (1) by A.A Alade etal.

• Agricultural Science for Junior Secondary Schools (1) by L.A Are etal.

• Spectrum Agricultural Science for Junior Secondary Schools (1) by B.A Adelekan etal.

WEEK 6&7

DATE:………………………………..

TOPIC: CLASSIFICATIONS OF FARM ANIMALS BASED ON TYPES OF STOMACH

CONTENT: (1) Ruminant

(2) Non-ruminant
Farm animals, can be classified into two groups, according to the type of stomachs that they
have. The first group is ruminants while the other group is non-ruminants.

RUMINANT

RUMINANTS (polygastrics) are animals that chew the cud. When ruminant is resting, it has
ability to bring back from the stomach what it has eaten to its mouth again and chew it properly
(regurgitation). This habit is known as chewing the cud. This they can do this because, they
have complex stomach. The complex stomach of a ruminant is made up of four cavities
(chambers) which are: rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum. Ruminants can digest
(fibre) grasses and legumes because of large population of micro-organisms (bacteria) in their
rumen. Rumen is the biggest compartment where food swallowed is temporarily stored.
Abomasum is the true stomach where digestion takes place.

Examples of ruminants are: Cattle, Sheep, Goat, Camel

EVALUATION:

1 Mention two characteristics of a ruminant.

 2. Explain the term chew the cud.

3. Mention the four stomach compartment of a ruminant.

Sub-Topic 2: NON-RUMINANTS (MONOGASRICS)

Non- ruminants are animals that have simple stomach. They are otherwise called monogastric
animals. This group of animals have single stomach compartment. Examples of such animals
are: rabbits, pigs, guinea pigs, horse and poultry birds.

EVALUATION:

Objective Test

1. Ruminants are animals that feed on

A. Grass B. meat C. pepper D. biscuit
2. The following are ruminants except …..
A. Goat B. seep C. pig D. cattle
3. Which of the following animals can chew cud?
A. Goat B. pig C. hen D. dog
4. The biggest compartment of the ruminant is the ….
A. Rumen B. Reticulum C. Omasum D. Abomasum
5. Which of the following animals cannot feed on fibre?
A. Pig B. goat C. sheep D. cattle

Essay Questions:

1. What are monogastric?

2. Mention three examples of monogastric animals

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT:

Draw the simple stomach of a monogastric animal and the complex stomach of a ruminant.

PRE- READING ASSIGNMENT:

Read on the uses of farm animals.

REFERENCE TEXTS:

• Agricultural Science for Junior Secondary Schools (1) by A.A Alade etal.

• Agricultural Science for Junior Secondary Schools (1) by L.A Are etal.

• Spectrum Agricultural Science for Junior Secondary Schools (1) by B.A Adelekan etal.

WEEK 8& 9

TOPIC: CLASSES USES OF FARM ANIMALS

CONTENT: (1) Definition of farm animals and the example

(2) Uses of farm animals.

Sub-Topic1: Definition of Farm Animals and examples.

Farm animals are basically animals that can be domesticated and used by man. Examples
include: cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, poultry, rabbit, fish, snail, etc.

Farm animals are reared for the following purposes. They are reared for food, work, clothing,
security/protection, sport and recreation, fertilizer, medicine, raw materials and livestock feed.
Let us explain each of the usage briefly.

FARM MAIN PRODUCTS BY-PRODUCTS

ANIMALS
Cattle Milk, meat(Beef) Hides, horns, hooves, bones, blood, manure
Poultry birds Eggs, meat, Feathers, manure
Goat Milk, meat(Chevon) Hides, horns, hooves, bones, blood, manure
Pig Meat(pork) Lard, bristles, hide, manure
Rabbit Meat, fur manure
Sheep Milk, meat(mutton) Wool, horns, hooves, bones, blood, manure
FOOD: Many food products are derived from farm animals. We get products like meat, milk,
eggs, wool/hair from farm animals. Also animals’ by-products like feathers, bones, blood,
droppings/dung, fat/oil are derived from farm animals. Food products and by-products from
farm animals are very useful to man and industries.

WORK: Bigger farm animals can be used to work in the farm. Bullocks can be used to draw
working machinery like plough, harrows, ridger while cultivating the soil. Donkey, camels are
used to carry farm loads, while horse is used for transportation.

CLOTHING: Fur from rabbit, wool from sheep can be processed into clothes, sweaters and
cardigans. Skins and from cattle, sheep are used for clothing and leather materials. Leather can
be used for foot wear, bags and drum. Feathers of poultry are used in the production of pillows
and mattresses.

Period 2

Security and Protection: Some farm animals’ e.g dogs and parrots are used for protection. The
dogs assist the guards while protecting the house. Their barking alerts the occupants of a house
about strange person entering the house. The parrots also make some sounds to give
information to the keeper in a house. The noises of these animals disturb the intruders into a
house.

Sport and Recreation: Farm animals like horse, ram and chicken (fowl) are used for sporting
activities. Horse is used for games like horse racing and polo game. In Mexico and Philippines,
chicken are used for popular sport like chicken fights.

Fertilizer: Animal droppings from poultry, goats, sheep, rabbit and cow dung are good source of
organic manure (fertilizer) which is used to enrich the nutrient of the soil. That is what is
referred to as farm yard manure.

Medicine: Medicines are manufacture from substances taken from the body of some farm
animals. Thyroid glands, hormones (insulin) taken from the body of sheep and cattle can be
used to cure diabetes. For example, insulin is used to cure diabetes. Vaccine is obtained from
egg white (albumen) which is used by the doctor to treat people.

Raw materials: Some animals’ products and by-products are used by the agro-allied industries.
Animals’ bones, hooves, are used for adhesives. Fats are use candles, soap and points.

Livestock feed: The bones and blood of slaughtered farm animals can be used as feed
ingredients e.g bone meals and blood meal.

Evaluation:
 (1) Name eight farm animals.

(2) Name two products we get from each animals below (1) cattle (b) pigs (c) poultry

(iv) fish

(3) Mention four uses of farm animals.

(4) Mention two animals that can be used for security.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT:

Objective Test:

(1) Farm animals are those animals that can be …………… by man. (a) fed (b)hunted
(c)domesticated (d) eaten.

(2) Which of the following is not a farm animal? (a) dog (b) turkey (c )ram (d) antelope.

(3) Which of these farm animals provides wool and fur? (a)fowl and rabbit (b)Sheep and
rabbit (c) goat and sheep (d) cow and pig.

(4) Milk can be obtained from ………. And ………….. (a) Sheep and cat (b) cow and fowl (c)
rabbit and turkey (d) goat and cow.

(5) Which of these animals CANNOT be used for sport? (a) horse (b) pig (c) ram (d) bull

Essay Questions:

1. Name six farm animals and products each of the animals.

2. Name the animals that the following products are derived. a. fat, b. skin, c. mutton
d. beef e. dung f. feathers g. pork h. eggs i. scales. j. milk k. droppings. l. horns.

REFERENCE TEXTS:

• Agricultural Science for Junior Secondary Schools (1) by A.A Alade etal.

• Agricultural Science for Junior Secondary Schools (1) by L.A Are etal.

• Spectrum Agricultural Science for Junior Secondary Schools (1) by B.A Adelekan etal.

WEEK 10:

Revision.
Week 11 – 13: Examination.