Geography
Chapter 1 Resource and Development
1. What is meant by Resource?
Ans: Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy
our needs, provided, it is technologically accessible, economically feasible
and culturally acceptable can be termed as ‘Resource’.
2. Explain the diagram given below:
Ans: The process of transformation of things available in our environment
involves an interactive relationship between nature, technology and
institutions. Human beings interact with nature through technology and
create institutions to accelerate their economic development.
Nature provides resources, but technology and institutions like industries
make it valuable.
Technology is critical for the optimal utilisation of natural resources.
In the absence of institutions, resources are of no value nor can
technology be developed.
3. What is Sustainable Economic development?
Ans: Sustainable development refers to development that takes place
without causing any harm to the environment and without compromising
on the needs of future generations.
4. What were the two major events that were held on global level
to meet the goals of Sustainable development?
Ans:
Rio de Janeiro summit 1992
In June 1992, the first International Earth Summit was held in Rio de
Janeiro in Brazil. The Summit was held to address the urgent problem of
environmental protection and socio-economic development at the global
level.
A declaration on Global Climatic Change and Biological Diversity was
signed by the global leaders attending this summit.
The main purpose of the Summit was to address the problems of
environmental protection and socio-economic development at the global
level.
The Rio Convention endorsed the global forest principles and adopted
Agenda 21. This was done to achieve sustainable development in the 21st
century.
Agenda 21
Agenda 21 aims at achieving global sustainable development.
The main purpose of the agenda is to fight and overcome environmental
damage, poverty, and disease through global cooperation.
Agenda 21 aimed to overcome these problems through global
cooperation.
The main objective of Agenda 21 was that every local government
should form its own local Agenda 21 to overcome the problems
collectively at the global level.
5. What is the need of Resource planning in India?
Ans: Natural resources are free gifts available for use to mankind.
It is the duty of each individual to use resources in a planned manner to
avoid waste and depletion. Resource planning is a strategy that allows
the wise use of resources.
The distribution of resources is uneven in India.
For example:
1. Coal and other minerals are found in abundance in Jharkhand,
Chhattisgarh, and Madhya Pradesh.
2. Rajasthan has ample wind and solar energy but lacks water
resources.
Due to such uneven distribution of resources, there is a need for
balanced resource planning at the national, state, regional and local levels
so that all the resources in the country can be used sustainably.
6. What are the different steps involved in the complex process of
resource planning?
Ans: Resource planning is a complex process that involves the following
steps:
1. Identify resources and make an inventory of resources across the
regions of the country.
2. Create a plan based on appropriate technology, skilled labour
force, and institutional requirement.
3. Align it with national development plans.
7. What was the views of Gandhiji on resource conservation?
Ans: Gandhiji voiced his concern about resource conservation in the
following words: “There is enough for everybody’s need and not for any
body’s greed.” He placed the greedy and selfish individuals and
exploitative nature of modern technology as the root cause for resource
depletion at the global level. He was against mass production and wanted
to replace it with the production by the masses
8. What is meant by development of resources? (3M/ 5M)
Ans: Resources are vital for human survival as well as for maintaining the quality of life. It was
believed that resources are free gifts of nature. As a result, human beings used them indiscriminately
and this has led to the following major problems.
• Depletion of resources for satisfying the greed of a few individuals.
• Accumulation of resources in few hands, which, in turn, divided the society into two segments i.e.
haves and have nots or rich and poor.
• Indiscriminate exploitation of resources has led to global ecological crises such as, global warming,
ozone layer depletion, environmental pollution and land degradation.
An equitable distribution of resources has become essential for a sustained quality of life and global
peace.
Therefore, resource planning is essential for sustainable existence of all forms of life
LAND RESOURCES
Q 1. Explain the various purpose of land use.[5M]
ANS: Land resources are used for the following purposes:
i. Forests
ii. Land not available for cultivation
o Barren and wasteland
o Land put to non-agricultural uses, e.g. buildings, roads, factories, etc.
[Link] uncultivated lands (excluding fallow land)
1. Permanent pastures and grazing land
2. Land under miscellaneous tree crops groves (not included in the net sown area)
3. Culturable wasteland (left uncultivated for more than 5 agricultural years)
iv. Fallow lands
1. Current fallow (left without cultivation for one or less than one agricultural year)
2. Other than the current fallow (left uncultivated for the past 1 to 5 agricultural years)
v. Gross cropped area Area sown more than once in an agricultural year plus the net sown area is
known as gross cropped area.
