BGP and RIP Protocols: Key Concepts MCQs
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ScribdTranslationsRouting Algorithms and Protocols
MCQ 2
The BGP protocol is a protocol:
point-to-point b. symmetric c. asymmetric
At the start of a BGP session, the BGP announcer sends an OPEN message to all its
connected neighbors on its interfaces.
a. True [Link]
What is the purpose of the BGP message, 'KEEPALIVE'?
a. to log out with his neighbor
b. to check the presence of the WAN link on the interface
c. to confirm an OPEN message
to exchange a message to keep the session open
4BGP is a protocol of type:
a. Distance vector b. Vector Path c. State of links
An AS number is between 1 and:
65536 b. 65535 c. 65530
What does the NEXT_HOP attribute mean in a BGP announcement?
the IP address of the router that relayed this announcement
b. the IP address of the router that received this announcement
c. the IP address of the router that made this announcement
7BGP opens a session on port:
a. 179 b. 170 c. 1790
The NOTIFICATION message received by a BGP neighbor triggers the closure of the session.
BGP with this neighbor.
a. True b. False
An UPDATE message contains route announcements to networks with attributes.
What does a BGP router do when it receives these announcements?
He removes the advertisements already received.
b. He adds all the ads
c. He adds or removes the ads.
10 What are the tables that allow storing the announcements issued or received?
in-RIB b. loc-RIB c. Adj-RIB-out
d. Adj-RIB-ext e. Adj-RIB-in f. out-RIB
BGP routers within an AS form a mesh ...
complete b. unique c. hierarchical d. secured
In an UPDATE message, the mandatory attributes are: ORIGIN, NEXT_HOP and
AS_PATH.
a. True b. False
How does the NEXT_HOP attribute vary in a BGP announcement (UPDATE message) when
Does this message transit from BGP router to BGP router?
a. Between BGP routers within an AS, the NEXT_HOP is preserved
b. Between BGP routers of different AS, the NEXT_HOP is updated by the relaying router.
the announcement
c. The NEXT_HOP always indicates the IP address of the router that is the source of the announcement.
d. Between BGP routers within an AS, the NEXT_HOP changes at each hop.
The BGP protocol establishes a session:
a. TCP b. UDP
Two BGP routers symmetrically establish a TCP session.
a. True b. False
All the routers at the edge of an autonomous system, meaning interconnected to others
AS establish a BGP session between them.
a. True b. False
The granularity of the BGP protocol is:
a. Autonomous System b. Air c. Router
18 The public AS numbers that are routable are between 1 and ...:
a. 64511 b.32517 c. 65536
Routes leading to a subnet must not be sent outside of the network.
to which the subnet belongs.
a. True b. False
In an autonomous BGP system, all routers within the AS are
declared i-BGP routers.
a. True b. False
The update of RIP routes is triggered automatically.
a. True b. False
What happens if a static route is added to a network already learned in RIP?
a. the static route replaces the RIP route in the routing table
b. the static route is added as a new route in the routing table
c. the static route does not get added to the routing table
The RIP-1 packet format does not distinguish between different types of address.
host and network.
a. True b. False
A RIP router has a global view of all the routes in its network.
a. True b. False
.
Which route is prioritized between a learned RIP route and a static route?
a default route b. a static route c. a learned RIP route
A RIP router sends its neighboring routers its new routing information even if they
they haven't changed.
a. True False
The poisoned reverse mechanism involves announcing an infinite distance to its neighbor.
This mechanism prevents any routing loops.
a. True b. False
What improvements were brought by version 2 of RIP?
a. Password authentication
b. The road markers to separate internal and external roads
c. More stability in the roads
d. Consideration of subnet masks
e. Exchange of messages in Multicast
29A RIP message includes a header followed by 1 to 25 route entries (24 if a
an authentication message is required), this number represents:
a. distance in kilometers b. administrative distance
c. bandwidth d. number of jumps
The modification of an entry in a router's table results in the emission of the new
table on all the router's ports.
a. True b. False
After the expiration of a particular timer, a RIP route is marked as invalid in
the RIP information table. It will only be cleared when this timer expires. This mechanism
allows a router to propagate invalid route information to its neighbors.
What is this timer?
a. route-timeout b. routing-update c. route-flush
The Bellman-Ford algorithm converges faster than any other routing algorithm.
a. True b. False
33RIP only takes into account the distance between two machines in terms of hops. RIP can-
should consider the state of the connection in order to choose the best possible bandwidth?
a. never will he take the shortest in terms of distance
b. yes by choosing the fastest in terms of bandwidth
On which UDP port does a RIPv1 router exchange its information with its neighbors?
a. 621 b. 521 c. 620 d. 520
What are the limitations of the RIP protocol?
the longest path in RIP (the diameter of the network) contains 15 hops
b. RIP uses fixed metrics to compare alternative routes
c. RIP cannot use network masks
d. RIP cannot detect routing loops
36RIPv2 is defined in RFC 2453. This version, developed in 1994, was designed to
allow the protocol to meet the constraints of current networks (segmentations of
IP networks in subnets, password authentication, ...). With this version, the
Which multicast address are the routes sent to?
the multicast address [Link]
the multicast address [Link]
c. the multicast address [Link]
Common questions
Powered by AIRIP version 2 introduces password authentication for route updates, enhancing security by ensuring that only authorized routers can participate in the routing process. This is important because it prevents unauthorized routers from injecting false routing information into the network, which could lead to routing loops or traffic misdirection. As networks became more interconnected and adversarial threats increased, such security measures became critical .
The 'KEEPALIVE' message in BGP functions to confirm an OPEN message and ensure that a session remains open. It is essential because it helps in maintaining a BGP session alive by serving as a heartbeat to let neighbors know that a connection is active, even when no routing updates are being exchanged. This prevents unnecessary session timeouts and subsequent reconnection overhead that would degrade network performance .
RIP handles route invalidation through a route timeout mechanism where routes that have not been updated by a certain timer duration are deemed invalid. This mechanism allows routers ample time to propagate updated or invalid route information, preventing the acceptance of outdated or incorrect routing data. The significance lies in its ability to ensure network reliability and accommodate changing network conditions .
The BGP NOTIFICATION message is used to signal the closure of a BGP session when an error condition occurs. This might include problems such as incorrect headers or routing failures. The benefit of this message is that it ensures both sides of a BGP connection are aware of the error state, allowing for quick and clear fault handling and recovery. This feature helps maintain routing stability and network resilience by preventing ambiguous session interruptions .
BGP is an interdomain routing protocol that operates over TCP port 179 to exchange routing information between autonomous systems (ASes). It is an exterior gateway protocol (EGP), uses path vector routing, and maintains a table of IP networks or 'prefixes.' BGP uses attributes like NEXT_HOP, AS_PATH, and others to make routing decisions, thus differing from protocols like RIP, which uses hop count. BGP also supports large-scale routing due to its ability to handle many more routes and its inherent loop prevention mechanism through AS_PATH attributes .
RIPv2 introduced several enhancements over RIPv1, addressing many limitations of the earlier version. Key improvements include the use of multicast addresses (specifically 224.0.0.9) instead of broadcast, support for subnet masks through classless inter-domain routing (CIDR), and password authentication to improve security. These changes allow RIPv2 to handle more complex network topologies and improve its security and efficiency in disseminating routes .
RIP's main limitations in modern networks include its use of fixed metrics and a maximum hop count of 15, which limits its scalability. It does not support subnet masks natively in its first version, which limits its ability to handle diverse network topologies. Moreover, RIP can suffer from slow convergence, and it cannot detect routing loops efficiently. These drawbacks make it less robust compared to more modern protocols like OSPF or EIGRP .
In routing tables, a static route usually takes precedence over a route learned through RIP due to its lower administrative distance. Static routes are manually configured and, thus, often considered more reliable or specific by network administrators compared to dynamic routes learned through RIP, which might change based on the protocol's behavior and conditions .
BGP prefers routes based on the AS_PATH attribute because it effectively prevents routing loops and determines the shortest or most cost-effective path through the internet based on the number of ASes a route traverses. By using the AS_PATH, BGP ensures that the selected routes are not only effective but also comply with policy constraints imposed by network operators, thereby optimizing global internet routing efficiency .
BGP uses several path attributes to determine the best path for routing when multiple routes are available. Key attributes include the AS_PATH length, where shorter paths are preferred, NEXT_HOP, LOCAL_PREF, and MULTI_EXIT_DISC (MED). BGP prioritizes paths based on these attributes in a specific order, which allows it to make highly nuanced and appropriate routing decisions for complex network infrastructures .
