Thermodynamics Problems and Solutions
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ScribdTranslationsThermodynamics Problems and Solutions
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A Carnot heat engine absorbs heat from a hot source that is located
At 127°C, it has an efficiency of 20%. (How much should the temperature vary (in °K) of the source?
hot so that efficiency increases by 50%.
2.- The P-V graph shows the ABC process of 2 moles of a certain monatomic gas.
find the heat supplied throughout the process. (CV12.54 J/mol×°K
3.- Find the work done and the duration time per cycle of a thermal machine that
it has a power output of 2KW. Additionally, its efficiency is 40% and it emits heat.
de 3000 calorías por ciclo. a) Hallar el trabajo realizado por ciclo. b) El tiempo de duración
of each cycle
4.- The temperature of the cold reservoir of a reversible thermal machine with an efficiency of
24% is 107°C, and in each cycle the machine gives off 100 Kcal to that cold sink. What is the heat?
given by the hot spot?
5.- The temperature of the hot reservoir of a thermal machine following the Carnot cycle is
at 300°K and its efficiency is 50%. What percentage would its efficiency decrease if the
Does the temperature of the hot spot decrease by 50°C?
6.- A gas is compressed at a constant pressure of 0.8 atm from a volume of 9 liters to a
volume of 2 liters. In the process, 500 J of thermal energy is lost from the gas. a) What is
work done by the gas?
7.- A thermal machine operates with two isobaric stages and two isochoric stages. The
working pressures are 20 and 10 atm. In the isobaric stage at higher pressure, the machine
The thermal absorbs 2000 cal (Q) and the highest temperature of the cycle is 600 K. Consider Cv =
3 cal /mol K, and one mole of ideal gas.
a) Calculate the net work of the cycle
b) Calculate the cycle yield
8.- A heat pump operates reversibly between two sources at temperatures of
7° C and 27° C, and 2 kW·h of energy is supplied to the cycle. Determine: a) Amount of heat
communicated to the hot focus. b) Amount of heat absorbed from the cold focus.
9.- A thermal machine with an efficiency of 22% produces 1530 J of work. Find: a) The
amount of heat absorbed from thermal reservoir 1, b) The amount of heat discarded to
thermal deposit 2.
10.- Years ago, the average temperature of the boilers in large thermal machines
It was around 227°C. Currently, it is approximately 327°C. Assuming that the
the temperature of the cold junction is, in both cases, 27°C what are the yields
corresponding?
11.- The efficiency of a thermal machine that follows the Carnot cycle is n.1=0.4, and the
the efficiency of another similar one is n20.6. Find the efficiency of a thermal machine.
composed of the two previous ones if it is known that the heat released by the first machine is
absorbed by the second to perform its cycle, at 300°K and its efficiency is 50%. What about
What percentage would its efficiency decrease if the temperature of the hot source decreases by 50°C?
12.- An air conditioning unit absorbs heat from its cooling coil to
13 °C and releases heat to the outside at 30 °C. a) What is the maximum efficiency of the device? b)
If the actual performance is one third of the maximum value and if the device removes 8.0 x
104 J of thermal energy per second, what power must your engine develop?
13.- A reversible thermal engine operates between a source at temperature T and another at 280°K. It gives off
1000 kJ/min of heat at the cold source and develops a useful power of 40 kW. Determine the
temperature T of the hot source.
14.- A Carnot machine operates between two fixed temperatures with an efficiency of
0.2, but if we reduce the lower temperature by 73°C, the machine's performance will
double it. Find the two fixed temperatures.
15.- One mole of a monatomic gas undergoes a cycle abca as shown in the figure.
The process a → b is an isothermal process at 400 K and the process c → a is a process
adiabatic.
a) Find the total work in the cycle.
b) Calculate the heat in each of the processes (Qab, Qbc, and Qca).
c) Determine the efficiency of the cycle.
16.- Two Carnot heat engines are placed in series. The first engine A
it receives heat at 1000°K and discharges heat to a reservoir that is at temperature T. The second
machine B receives heat discharged from the first machine and in turn supplies heat to a
Deposit at 280 K. Calculate the temperature T, in degrees Celsius, for the situation in
a) The work of the two machines is the same. b) The efficiencies of the two machines
to be equal.
